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Inositol

Index Inositol

Myo-inositol, or simply inositol, is a carbocyclic sugar that is abundant in brain and other mammalian tissues, mediates cell signal transduction in response to a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors and participates in osmoregulation It is a sugar alcohol with half the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). [1]

83 relations: Allo-Inositol, American Chemical Society, Apoptosis, B vitamins, Bioavailability, Bran, Calcium, Cantaloupe, Cell (biology), Cereal, Cis-Inositol, Cocaine, Conformational isomerism, Cutting agent, Cyclohexane conformation, Cytoskeleton, Developing country, Diglyceride, Enantiomer, Enzyme, Epi-Inositol, Epsin, Eukaryote, Fat, Gene expression, Glucose, Glucose 6-phosphate, Glycerophospholipid, Heroin, Hydroxy group, Hyperandrogenism, Infant respiratory distress syndrome, Inositol monophosphatase, Inositol monophosphatase 1, Inositol phosphate, Inositol trisphosphate, Inositol-3-phosphate synthase, Insulin, Intracellular, Iron, Isomer, Lecithin, Magnesium, Membrane potential, Meso compound, Metabolic disorder, Methamphetamine, Microorganism, Muco-Inositol, Neo-Inositol, ..., Neurotransmitter, Nitrocellulose, Nitroglycerin, Nutrient, Optical rotation, Orange (fruit), Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol phosphate, Phosphorus, Phytase, Phytic acid, Plant, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Protein Data Bank, Reflection symmetry, Rotation around a fixed axis, Rumen, Ruminant, Scyllo-Inositol, Second messenger system, Seed, Signal transduction, Sodium chloride, Steroid hormone, Sucrose, Sugar alcohol, Sweetness, Tissue (biology), University of Iowa, Zinc, 1D-chiro-Inositol, 1L-chiro-Inositol. Expand index (33 more) »

Allo-Inositol

allo-Inositol is a stereoisomer of inositol.

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American Chemical Society

The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry.

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

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B vitamins

B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism.

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Bioavailability

In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.

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Bran

Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the hard outer layers of cereal grain.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Cantaloupe

Cantaloupe (muskmelon, mushmelon, rockmelon, sweet melon) or spanspek (South Africa) is a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cereal

A cereal is any edible components of the grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis) of cultivated grass, composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran.

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Cis-Inositol

cis-Inositol is one of the isomers of inositol.

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Cocaine

Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.

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Conformational isomerism

In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation).

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Cutting agent

A cutting agent is a chemical used to "cut" (dilute) recreational drugs with something less expensive than the drug itself.

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Cyclohexane conformation

A cyclohexane conformation is any of several three-dimensional shapes that a cyclohexane molecule can assume while maintaining the integrity of its chemical bonds.

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Cytoskeleton

A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Diglyceride

A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.

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Enantiomer

In chemistry, an enantiomer, also known as an optical isomer (and archaically termed antipode or optical antipode), is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable (not identical), much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis (the hands cannot be made to appear identical simply by reorientation).

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Epi-Inositol

epi-Inositol is one of the stereoisomers of inositol.

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Epsin

Epsins are a family of highly conserved membrane proteins that are important in creating membrane curvature.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glucose 6-phosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.

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Glycerophospholipid

Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids.

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Heroin

Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

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Hydroxy group

A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.

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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, also known as androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens (male sex hormones such as testosterone) in the female body and the associated effects of the elevated androgen levels.

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Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.

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Inositol monophosphatase

Inositol monophosphatase, commonly referred to as IMPase, is an enzyme of the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes.

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Inositol monophosphatase 1

Inositol monophosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IMPA1 gene.

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Inositol phosphate

Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to polyphosphorylated inositols.

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Inositol trisphosphate

Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3), together with diacylglycerol (DAG), is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells.

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Inositol-3-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, an inositol-3-phosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and one product, 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.

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Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.

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Intracellular

In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word intracellular means "inside the cell".

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.

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Isomer

An isomer (from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos.

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Lecithin

Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Membrane potential

The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.

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Meso compound

A meso compound or meso isomer is a stereoisomer with an identical or superimposable mirror image i.e., a non-optically active member of a set of stereoisomers, at least two of which are optically active.

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Metabolic disorder

A metabolic disorder can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process.

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Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Muco-Inositol

muco-Inositol is a critically important chemical in the gustatory (taste) modality of the mammalian nervous system.

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Neo-Inositol

neo-Inositol is one of the stereoisomers of inositol.

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Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

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Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, and flash string) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent.

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Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.

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Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Optical rotation

Optical rotation or optical activity (sometimes referred to as rotary polarization) is the rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.

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Orange (fruit)

The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' in the family Rutaceae.

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Phosphatidylinositol

Phosphatidylinositol consists of a family of lipids as illustrated on the right, a class of the phosphatidylglycerides.

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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes.

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Phosphatidylinositol phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate may refer to.

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Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Phytase

A phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) is any type of phosphatase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) – an indigestible, organic form of phosphorus that is found in grains and oil seeds – and releases a usable form of inorganic phosphorus.

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Phytic acid

Phytic acid (known as inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), inositol polyphosphate, or phytate when in salt form), discovered in 1903, a saturated cyclic acid, is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in females.

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Protein Data Bank

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a crystallographic database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.

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Reflection symmetry

Reflection symmetry, line symmetry, mirror symmetry, mirror-image symmetry, is symmetry with respect to reflection.

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Rotation around a fixed axis

Rotation around a fixed axis or about a fixed axis of revolution or motion with respect to a fixed axis of rotation is a special case of rotational motion.

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Rumen

The rumen, also known as a paunch, forms the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals.

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Ruminant

Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.

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Scyllo-Inositol

scyllo-Inositol is one of the stereoisomers of inositol.

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Second messenger system

Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.

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Seed

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.

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Signal transduction

Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.

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Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.

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Steroid hormone

A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone.

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Sucrose

Sucrose is common table sugar.

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Sugar alcohol

Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, that comprise a class of polyols.

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Sweetness

Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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University of Iowa

The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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1D-chiro-Inositol

1D-chiro-Inositol (formerly D-chiro-Inositol, commonly abbreviated DCI) is a member of a family of related substances often referred to collectively as "inositol," although that term encompasses several isomers of questionable biological relevance, including 1L-''chiro''-Inositol.

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1L-chiro-Inositol

1L-chiro-Inositol (L-chiro-Inositol) is one of the isomers of inositol.

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Redirects here:

(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxycyclohexane, ATC code A11HA07, ATCvet code QA11HA07, Chiro-inositol, Cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-Cyclohexanehexol, Cyclohexanehexol, Cyclohexitol, Dambose, I-Inositol, I-inositol, Inosital, Inosite, Inositene, Inositina, Inositol metabolism, Iso-inositol, Meat sugar, Meso-inositol, Mesoinosit, Mesoinosite, Mesol, Mesovit, Mouse antialopecia factor, Myo-Inositol, Myo-inositol, Myoinosite, Myoinositol, Nucite, Phaseomannite, Phaseomannitol, Rat antispectacled eye factor, Scyllite.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol

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