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147 relations: Abrasive, Acceleration, Air gun, Alloy, AR-15 style rifle, Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot, Artillery, Asymmetry, Ballistics, Ballistite, Bevel, Blank (cartridge), Breech-loading weapon, Brisance, Cannon, Carbon monoxide, Cartridge (firearms), Caseless ammunition, Catastrophic failure, Cellulose, Center of mass, Chamber (firearms), Charcoal, Chemical compound, Choke (firearms), Coaxial, Concentric objects, Constriction, Cooking off, Coordinate system, Copper, Cordite, Crimp (joining), Deflagration, Density, Designer, Detonation, Diameter, Die (manufacturing), Drag (physics), Driving band, Dynamite, Electrical discharge machining, Electrochemical machining, Endothermic process, Energy, Engraving, Europe, Exhaust gas, External ballistics, ..., Fire retardant, Flintlock, Forge, Freebore, Friction, Gauge (firearms), Gelatin, Gravity, Gun, Gun barrel, Gunpowder, Gunsmith, Handgun, Heat transfer, Heckler & Koch G11, Helix, Inertia, Interference fit, Joule, Lapping, Lead, Leonhard Euler, Lubricant, Magazine, Mandrel, Matchlock, Molybdenum disulfide, Motion (physics), Muzzle brake, NATO, Newton (unit), Nitric acid, Nitrocellulose, Nitroglycerin, Obturation, Paper cartridge, Percentage, Percussion cap, Pest control, Physics of firearms, Piobert's law, Pistol, Plastic, Polygonal rifling, Potassium nitrate, Pressure vessel, Primer (firearms), Projectile, Proof test, Propellant, Propulsion, Pyrotechnics, RDX, Reciprocating engine, Residual stress, Revolver, Rifle, Rifling, Rocket, Rocket engine, Seal (mechanical), Sectional density, Shotgun, Simulation, Smokeless powder, Smoothbore, Sodium nitrate, Soot, Speed of sound, Steam, Sulfur, Surface area, Symmetry, Table of handgun and rifle cartridges, Temperature, Terminal ballistics, Touch hole, Transitional ballistics, Velocity, Vermin, Voere VEC-91, Volume, Wadding, Wax, Winchester Super Short Magnum, .22-250 Remington, .30-06 Springfield, .30-30 Winchester, .45 Colt, .45-70, 5.56×45mm NATO, 6.5mm Grendel, 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.92×57mm Mauser, 7×57mm Mauser, 8×50mmR Lebel, 9×19mm Parabellum. Expand index (97 more) »
Abrasive
An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away by friction.
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Acceleration
In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.
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Air gun
An air gun (or airgun) is any kind of gun that launches projectiles pneumatically with compressed air or other gases that are pressurized mechanically without involving any chemical reactions, in contrast to a firearm, which relies on an exothermic chemical oxidation (deflagration) of combustible propellants to generate propulsive energy.
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Alloy
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
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AR-15 style rifle
An AR-15 style rifle is a lightweight semi-automatic rifle based on the Colt AR-15 design.
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Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot
Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) is a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition used to attack modern vehicle armour.
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Artillery
Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.
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Asymmetry
Asymmetry is the absence of, or a violation of, symmetry (the property of an object being invariant to a transformation, such as reflection).
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Ballistics
Ballistics is the field of mechanics that deals with the launching, flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, unguided bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.
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Ballistite
Ballistite is a smokeless propellant made from two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine.
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Bevel
A bevelled edge (UK) or beveled edge (US) refers to an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular to the faces of the piece.
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Blank (cartridge)
A blank is a type of cartridge for a firearm that contains gunpowder but no bullet or shot.
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Breech-loading weapon
A breech-loading gun is a firearm in which the cartridge or shell is inserted or loaded into a chamber integral to the rear portion of a barrel.
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Brisance
Brisance is the shattering capability of a high explosive, determined mainly by its detonation pressure.
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Cannon
A cannon (plural: cannon or cannons) is a type of gun classified as artillery that launches a projectile using propellant.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Cartridge (firearms)
A cartridge is a type of firearm ammunition packaging a projectile (bullet, shots or slug), a propellant substance (usually either smokeless powder or black powder) and an ignition device (primer) within a metallic, paper or plastic case that is precisely made to fit within the barrel chamber of a breechloading gun, for the practical purpose of convenient transportation and handling during shooting.
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Caseless ammunition
Caseless ammunition is a type of small arms ammunition that eliminates the cartridge case that typically holds the primer, propellant, and projectile together as a unit.
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Catastrophic failure
A catastrophic failure is a sudden and total failure from which recovery is impossible.
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Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
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Center of mass
In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.
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Chamber (firearms)
In firearms, the chamber is the portion of the barrel or firing cylinder in which the cartridge is inserted before being fired.
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Charcoal
Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.
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Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
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Choke (firearms)
In firearms, a choke is a tapered constriction of a shotgun barrel's bore at the muzzle end.
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Coaxial
In geometry, coaxial means that two or more three-dimensional linear forms share a common axis.
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Concentric objects
In geometry, two or more objects are said to be concentric, coaxal, or coaxial when they share the same center or axis.
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Constriction
Constriction is a method used by various snake species to kill their prey.
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Cooking off
Cooking off (or thermally induced firing) is ammunition exploding prematurely due to heat in the surrounding environment.
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Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cordite
* Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom since 1889 to replace gunpowder as a military propellant.
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Crimp (joining)
Crimping is joining two or more pieces of metal or other ductile material by deforming one or both of them to hold the other.
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Deflagration
Deflagration (Lat: de + flagrare, "to burn down") is subsonic combustion propagating through heat transfer; hot burning material heats the next layer of cold material and ignites it.
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Density
The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
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Designer
A designer is a person who designs.
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Detonation
Detonation is a type of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
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Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
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Die (manufacturing)
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press.
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Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.
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Driving band
The driving band or rotating band is part of an artillery shell, a band of soft metal near the bottom of the shell, typically made of gilding metal, copper or lead.
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Dynamite
Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay) and stabilizers.
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Electrical discharge machining
Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark eroding, burning, die sinking, wire burning or wire erosion, is a manufacturing process whereby a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges (sparks).
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Electrochemical machining
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process.
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Endothermic process
The term endothermic process describes the process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat.
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Engraving
Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal.
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External ballistics
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight.
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Fire retardant
A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow or stop the spread of fire or reduce its intensity.
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Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint striking ignition mechanism.
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Forge
A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace (smithy) where such a hearth is located.
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Freebore
A firearm freebore is a portion of the gun barrel immediately forward of the chamber from which the rifling has been reamed away.
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Friction
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
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Gauge (firearms)
The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) of the barrel.
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Gelatin
Gelatin or gelatine (from gelatus meaning "stiff", "frozen") is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless food derived from collagen obtained from various animal body parts.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Gun
A gun is a tubular ranged weapon typically designed to pneumatically discharge projectiles that are solid (most guns) but can also be liquid (as in water guns/cannons and projected water disruptors) or even charged particles (as in a plasma gun) and may be free-flying (as with bullets and artillery shells) or tethered (as with Taser guns, spearguns and harpoon guns).
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Gun barrel
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type ranged weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces and air guns.
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Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.
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Gunsmith
A gunsmith is a person who repairs, modifies, designs, or builds guns.
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Handgun
A handgun is a short-barreled firearm designed to be fired with only one hand.
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Heat transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems.
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Heckler & Koch G11
The Heckler & Koch G11 is a non-production prototype assault rifle developed during the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s by Gesellschaft für Hülsenlose Gewehrsysteme (GSHG) (German for "Corporation for Caseless Rifle Systems"), a conglomeration of companies headed by firearm manufacturer Heckler & Koch (mechanical engineering and weapon design), Dynamit Nobel (propellant composition and projectile design), and Hensoldt Wetzlar (target identification and optic systems).
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Helix
A helix, plural helixes or helices, is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space.
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Inertia
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its position and state of motion.
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Interference fit
An interference fit, also known as a press fit or friction fit is a fastening between two parts which is achieved by friction after the parts are pushed together, rather than by any other means of fastening.
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Joule
The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.
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Lapping
Lapping is a machining process in which two surfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or using a machine.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler (Swiss Standard German:; German Standard German:; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer, who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory.
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Lubricant
A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.
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Magazine
A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine).
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Mandrel
A mandrel (also mandril or arbor) is one of the following.
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Matchlock
The matchlock was the first mechanism invented to facilitate the firing of a hand-held firearm.
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Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.
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Motion (physics)
In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time.
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Muzzle brake
A muzzle brake or recoil compensator is a device connected to the muzzle of a firearm or cannon that redirects propellant gases to counter recoil and unwanted rising of the barrel.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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Newton (unit)
The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force.
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Nitric acid
Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis (Latin for "strong water") and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid.
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Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, and flash string) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent.
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Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
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Obturation
In the field of firearms and airguns, obturation denotes necessary barrel blockage or fit by a deformed soft projectile (obturation in general is closing up an opening).
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Paper cartridge
This article addresses older paper small-arms cartridges, for modern metallic small arms cartridges see Cartridge (firearms).
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Percentage
In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.
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Percussion cap
The percussion cap, introduced circa 1820, is a type of single-use ignition device used on muzzleloading firearms that enabled them to fire reliably in any weather conditions.
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Pest control
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, a member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities.
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Physics of firearms
From the viewpoint of physics (dynamics, to be exact), a firearm, as for most weapons, is a system for delivering maximum destructive energy to the target with minimum delivery of energy on the shooter.
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Piobert's law
Piobert's law applies to the reaction of solid propellant grains to generate hot gas.
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Pistol
A pistol is a type of handgun.
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Plastic
Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
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Polygonal rifling
Polygonal rifling is a type of gun barrel rifling where the traditional sharp-edged lands and grooves are replaced by less-edged "hills and valleys" in a polygonal pattern, usually taking the form of a hexagon or octagon.
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Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3.
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Pressure vessel
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.
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Primer (firearms)
In firearms, the primer is a component of handgun cartridges, rifle cartridges and shotgun shells, and is responsible for initiating the propellant combustion that will push the projectiles out of the gun barrel.
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Projectile
A projectile is any object thrown into space (empty or not) by the exertion of a force.
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Proof test
A proof test is a form of stress test to demonstrate the fitness of a load-bearing structure.
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Propellant
A propellant or propellent is a chemical substance used in the production of energy or pressurized gas that is subsequently used to create movement of a fluid or to generate propulsion of a vehicle, projectile, or other object.
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Propulsion
Propulsion means to push forward or drive an object forward.
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Pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics is the science of using materials capable of undergoing self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions for the production of heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound.
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RDX
RDX is the organic compound with the formula (O2NNCH2)3.
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Reciprocating engine
A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine (although there are also pneumatic and hydraulic reciprocating engines) that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion.
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Residual stress
Residual stresses are stresses that remain in a solid material after the original cause of the stresses has been removed.
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Revolver
A revolver (also called a wheel gun) is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing.
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Rifle
A rifle is a portable long-barrelled firearm designed for precision shooting, to be held with both hands and braced against the shoulder for stability during firing, and with a barrel that has a helical pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the bore walls.
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Rifling
In firearms, rifling is the helical groove pattern that is machined into the internal (bore) surface of a gun's barrel, for the purpose of exerting torque and thus imparting a spin to a projectile around its longitudinal axis during shooting.
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Rocket
A rocket (from Italian rocchetto "bobbin") is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine.
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Rocket engine
A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellant mass for forming its high-speed propulsive jet.
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Seal (mechanical)
A mechanical seal is a device that helps join systems or mechanisms together by preventing leakage (e.g. in a plumbing system), containing pressure, or excluding contamination.
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Sectional density
Sectional density is the ratio of an object's mass to its cross-sectional area with respect to a given axis.
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Shotgun
A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder, which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid projectile called a slug.
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Simulation
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.
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Smokeless powder
Smokeless powder is the name given to a number of propellants used in firearms and artillery that produce negligible smoke when fired, unlike the black powder they replaced.
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Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.
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Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3.
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Soot
Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.
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Speed of sound
The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium.
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Steam
Steam is water in the gas phase, which is formed when water boils.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Surface area
The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.
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Symmetry
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.
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Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
Table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Terminal ballistics
Terminal ballistics (also known as wound ballistics), a sub-field of ballistics, is the study of the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target.
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Touch hole
A touch hole, also called a vent, is a small hole near the rear portion (breech) of a cannon or muzzleloading gun — that is, the part where the combustion of the powder charge occurs, at the end opposite from the muzzle from which the projectile is fired from the barrel.
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Transitional ballistics
Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, at Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Accessed April 27, 2009 is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics.
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Velocity
The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
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Vermin
Vermin (colloquially varmint or varmit) are pests or nuisance animals, that spread diseases or destroy crops or livestock.
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Voere VEC-91
The Voere VEC-91 is a rifle made by Voere and was the first commercial sporting rifle to combine caseless ammunition and electronic firing.
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Volume
Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
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Wadding
Wadding is a disc of material used in guns to seal gas behind a projectile or to separate powder for shot.
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Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
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Winchester Super Short Magnum
Winchester Super Short Magnum, or WSSM is a line of rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum cartridges introduced by the U.S. Repeating Arms Company (Winchester Inc).
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.22-250 Remington
The.22-250 Remington is a very high-velocity (capable of reaching over 4000 feet per second), short action,.22 caliber rifle cartridge primarily used for varmint hunting and small game hunting, though it finds occasional use on deer.
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.30-06 Springfield
The.30-06 Springfield cartridge (pronounced "thirty-aught-six" or "thirty-oh-six"), 7.62×63mm in metric notation and called ".30 Gov't '06" by Winchester, was introduced to the United States Army in 1906 and later standardized; it remained in use until the early 1980s.
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.30-30 Winchester
The.30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire (7.8×51mmR) cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle.
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.45 Colt
The.45 Colt cartridge, which is sometimes called.45 Long Colt,.45 LC, or 11.43×33mmR, is a handgun cartridge dating to 1872.
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.45-70
The.45-70 rifle cartridge, also known as.45-70 Government, was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873, which is known to collectors as the "trapdoor Springfield".
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5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge family developed in Belgium by FN Herstal.
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6.5mm Grendel
The 6.5mm Grendel (6.5×39mm) is an intermediate cartridge designed by Arne Brennan, Bill Alexander, and Janne Pohjoispää as a low recoil, high accuracy, 200–800 yard cartridge specifically for the AR-15.
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7.62×51mm NATO
The 7.62×51mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 7.62 NATO) is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge developed in the 1950s as a standard for small arms among NATO countries.
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7.92×57mm Mauser
The 7.92×57mm Mauser (designated as the 8mm Mauser or 8×57mm by the SAAMI and 8 × 57 IS by the C.I.P.) is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge.
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7×57mm Mauser
The 7×57mm cartridge, also known as the 7mm Mauser, 7×57mm Mauser, 7mm Spanish Mauser in the USA and.275 Rigby in the United Kingdom is a first-generation smokeless powder rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge.
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8×50mmR Lebel
The 8×50mmR Lebel (8mm Lebel) (designated as the 8 × 51 R Lebel by the C.I.P.) rifle cartridge was the first smokeless powder cartridge to be made and adopted by any country.
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9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum is a firearms cartridge that was designed by Georg Luger and introduced in 1902 by the German weapons manufacturer Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) (German Weapons and Munitions Factory) for their Luger semi-automatic pistol.
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Redirects here:
Boxer primed, Interior ballistics.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_ballistics
