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79 relations: Atomic vapor laser isotope separation, Calutron, Cascade (chemical engineering), Centrifugal force, Chemical element, Chemical reaction, Chemistry, Cyclotron, Depleted uranium, Deuterium, Diffusion, Dye laser, Electric dipole moment, Electric field, Enriched uranium, Ernest Lawrence, Evaporation, F. J. Duarte, Finland, Fissile material, Fluorine, Formate, Gas centrifuge, Gaseous diffusion, Girdler sulfide process, Heavy water, Helikon vortex separation process, Hydrogen, Hyperfine structure, Infrared multiphoton dissociation, Isotope, Isotopes of americium, Isotopic labeling, Kinetic isotope effect, Laser, Laser diode, Lithium, Magnetic field, Manhattan Project, Mass spectrometry, Molecular laser isotope separation, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Natural uranium, Nuclear proliferation, Nuclear reactor, Nuclear weapon, Nuclide, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Plutonium-239, ..., Plutonium-240, Plutonium-241, Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, Reaction rate, Reduced mass, Refractory, Relative atomic mass, Riken, Rjukan, Separation of isotopes by laser excitation, Silicon, South Africa, Stern–Gerlach experiment, Thermal conductivity, Thermal ionization, Tritium, Trojan wave packet, Tunable laser, United States, University of California, Berkeley, Uranium, Uranium hexafluoride, Uranium pentafluoride, Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Vortex tube, Work function, World Nuclear Association, Zippe-type centrifuge. Expand index (29 more) »
Atomic vapor laser isotope separation
Atomic vapor laser isotope separation, or AVLIS, is a method by which specially tuned lasers are used to separate isotopes of uranium using selective ionization of hyperfine transitions.
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Calutron
A calutron is a mass spectrometer originally designed and used for separating the isotopes of uranium.
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Cascade (chemical engineering)
In chemical engineering, a cascade is a plant consisting of several similar stages with each processing the output from the previous stage.
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Centrifugal force
In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a "fictitious" or "pseudo" force) directed away from the axis of rotation that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Cyclotron
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929-1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932.
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Depleted uranium
Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium.
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Deuterium
Deuterium (or hydrogen-2, symbol or, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1).
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Dye laser
A dye laser is a laser which uses an organic dye as the lasing medium, usually as a liquid solution.
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Electric dipole moment
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity.
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Electric field
An electric field is a vector field surrounding an electric charge that exerts force on other charges, attracting or repelling them.
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Enriched uranium
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation.
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Ernest Lawrence
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was a pioneering American nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron.
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Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gaseous phase before reaching its boiling point.
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F. J. Duarte
Francisco Javier "Frank" Duarte (born c. 1954) is a laser physicist and author/editor of several well-known books on tunable lasers and quantum optics.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction.
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Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.
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Formate
Formate (IUPAC name: methanoate) is the anion derived from formic acid.
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Gas centrifuge
A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases.
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Gaseous diffusion
Gaseous diffusion is a technology used to produce enriched uranium by forcing gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6) through semipermeable membranes.
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Girdler sulfide process
The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the GeibSpevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for filtering out of natural water the heavy water (deuterium oxide.
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Heavy water
Heavy water (deuterium oxide) is a form of water that contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium (or D, also known as heavy hydrogen), rather than the common hydrogen-1 isotope (or H, also called protium) that makes up most of the hydrogen in normal water.
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Helikon vortex separation process
The Helikon vortex separation process is an aerodynamic uranium enrichment process designed around a device called a vortex tube.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hyperfine structure
In atomic physics, hyperfine structure refers to small shifts and splittings in the energy levels of atoms, molecules and ions, due to interaction between the state of the nucleus and the state of the electron clouds.
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Infrared multiphoton dissociation
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase usually for structural analysis of the original (parent) molecule.
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Isotope
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.
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Isotopes of americium
Americium (95Am) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given.
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Isotopic labeling
Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope (an atom with a detectable variation) through a reaction, metabolic pathway, or cell.
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Kinetic isotope effect
The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Laser diode
A laser diode, (LD), injection laser diode (ILD), or diode laser is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which the laser beam is created at the diode's junction.
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Lithium
Lithium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.
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Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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Molecular laser isotope separation
Molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS) is a method of isotope separation, where specially tuned lasers are used to separate isotopes of uranium using selective ionization of hyperfine transitions of uranium hexafluoride molecules.
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National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) is located on the campus of Michigan State University and is the leading rare isotope research facility in the United States.
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Natural uranium
Natural uranium (NU, Unat) refers to uranium with the same isotopic ratio as found in nature.
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Nuclear proliferation
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT.
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Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Nuclide
A nuclide (from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus, i.e., by its number of protons Z, its number of neutrons N, and its nuclear energy state.
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an American multiprogram science and technology national laboratory sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and administered, managed, and operated by UT-Battelle as a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) under a contract with the DOE.
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Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about west of Knoxville.
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Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an isotope of plutonium.
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Plutonium-240
Plutonium-240 (/Pu-240) is an isotope of the actinide metal plutonium formed when plutonium-239 captures a neutron.
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Plutonium-241
Plutonium-241 (Pu-241) is an isotope of plutonium formed when plutonium-240 captures a neutron.
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Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory
The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory is a multistage particle accelerator complex operated by Japan's Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science which is itself a part of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research.
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Reaction rate
The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are converted into products.
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Reduced mass
In physics, the reduced mass is the "effective" inertial mass appearing in the two-body problem of Newtonian mechanics.
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Refractory
A refractory mineral is a mineral that is resistant to decomposition by heat, pressure, or chemical attack.
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Relative atomic mass
Relative atomic mass (symbol: A) or atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to one unified atomic mass unit.
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Riken
is a large research institute in Japan.
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Rjukan
Rjukan is a town and the administrative centre of Tinn municipality in Telemark, Norway.
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Separation of isotopes by laser excitation
Separation of isotopes by laser excitation (SILEX) is a process for isotope separation that is used to produce enriched uranium using lasers.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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Stern–Gerlach experiment
The Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrated that the spatial orientation of angular momentum is quantized.
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Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat.
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Thermal ionization
Thermal ionization, also known as surface ionization or contact ionization, is a physical process whereby the atoms are desorbed from a hot surface, and in the process are spontaneously ionized.
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Tritium
Tritium (or; symbol or, also known as hydrogen-3) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
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Trojan wave packet
A trojan wave packet is a wave packet that is nonstationary and nonspreading.
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Tunable laser
A tunable laser is a laser whose wavelength of operation can be altered in a controlled manner.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
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Uranium hexafluoride
Uranium hexafluoride, referred to as "hex" in the nuclear industry, is a compound used in the uranium enrichment process that produces fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
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Uranium pentafluoride
Uranium pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula UF5.
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Uranium-235
Uranium-235 (235U) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium.
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Uranium-238
Uranium-238 (238U or U-238) is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature, with a relative abundance of 99%.
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Vortex tube
The vortex tube, also known as the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube, is a mechanical device that separates a compressed gas into hot and cold streams.
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Work function
In solid-state physics, the work setting (sometimes spelled workfunction) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e. energy) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface.
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World Nuclear Association
The World Nuclear Association (WNA) is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry.
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Zippe-type centrifuge
The Zippe-type centrifuge is a gas centrifuge designed to enrich the rare fissile uranium isotope Uranium-235 out of the mixture of isotopes found in naturally occurring uranium compounds.
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Redirects here:
Atomic isotope separation methods, Electromagnetic isotope separation, Electromagnetic separation, Isotope enrichment, Isotope separator, Isotopic enrichment, Isotopic separation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_separation
