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John Desmond Bernal

Index John Desmond Bernal

John Desmond Bernal (10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. [1]

142 relations: Aaron Klug, Alan Lindsay Mackay, Albert College (Dublin), Alexander Oparin, Allen Lane, Andrew Donald Booth, Antrim, County Antrim, Arromanches-les-Bains, Arthur C. Clarke, Bachelor of Arts, Bedford School, Bernal chart, Bernal Lecture, Bernal sphere, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Birkbeck, University of London, Birmingham, Black Athena, Bocage, Boris Hessen, Bridge Street, Cambridge, Bronze, C. P. Snow, Catholic Church, Cavendish Laboratory, Charles Kay Ogden, Cholesterol, Cold War, Communism, Communist Party of Great Britain, Cornell University, County Tipperary, Crystal structure, Culture24, Dictionary of National Biography, Dieppe Raid, Dorothy Hodgkin, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, Ergocalciferol, Ernest Rutherford, Estrone (medication), Eugene Garfield, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fernand Braudel, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Geoffrey Pyke, Goniometer, Graphite, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Hemoglobin, ..., History of science, Hutchinson (publisher), Hyman Levy, Intellectual, Ipswich, Ipswich Star, Isaac Newton, J. B. S. Haldane, John Macmurray, Joseph Needham, Joseph Stalin, Journal of Biosciences, Journal of Medical Biography, Kingston upon Hull, Lancelot Hogben, Lenin Peace Prize, Limerick, Linus Pauling, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Lysenkoism, Margaret Gardiner (artist), Margot Heinemann, Martin Bernal, Marxism, Max Perutz, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), Michael Faraday Medal and Prize, Ministry of Home Security, Molecular biology, Morden, Natural science, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Nenagh, New Statesman, Nikolai Bukharin, Normandy, Normandy landings, Operation Overlord, Oxford University Press, Pablo Picasso, Patrick Blackett, Pepsin, Physics, Polish People's Republic, Port and starboard, Project Habakkuk, Quaternion, Quebec Conference, 1943, Ralph Fox, Ribonuclease, Robert Olby, Robert Page Arnot, Robert Scholes, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, Rosalind Franklin, Royal Institution, Royal Medal, Royal Navy, Royal Society, Royal Society Bakerian Medal, Russian Academy of Sciences, Science Citation Index, Science fiction, Science in History, Sephardi Jews, Sheffield, Smithfield, London, Sociology of scientific knowledge, Soho, Solecism, Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman, Soviet Union, Space colonization, Space group, Spanish Civil War, Stanford University, Sterol, Stevie Smith, Stonyhurst College, The Times, Thiamine, Tobacco mosaic virus, Torrington Square, Trofim Lysenko, University of Cambridge, Verso Books, Vienna, Wellcome Collection, William Henry Bragg, World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace, World Peace Council, X-ray crystallography. Expand index (92 more) »

Aaron Klug

Sir Aaron Klug (born 11 August 1926) is a Lithuanian-born, South African-educated, British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.

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Alan Lindsay Mackay

Alan Lindsay Mackay FRS (born 6 September 1926) is a British crystallographer, born in Wolverhampton.

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Albert College (Dublin)

Albert College is the oldest building on the campus of Dublin City University and contains the offices of the university president, the DCU Educational Trust, and other executive offices of the university; the building dates from 1851.

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Alexander Oparin

Alexander Ivanovich Oparin (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Опа́рин) (– April 21, 1980) was a Soviet biochemist notable for his theories about the origin of life, and for his book The Origin of Life.

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Allen Lane

Sir Allen Lane (born Allen Lane Williams; 21 September 1902 – 7 July 1970) was a British publisher who together with his brothers Richard and John Lane founded Penguin Books in 1935, bringing high-quality paperback fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.

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Andrew Donald Booth

Andrew Donald Booth (11 February 1918 – 29 November 2009), The Times, 12 January 2010.

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Antrim, County Antrim

Antrim is a town and civil parish in County Antrim in the northeast of Northern Ireland, on the banks of the Six Mile Water, half a mile northeast of Lough Neagh.

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Arromanches-les-Bains

Arromanches-les-Bains (or, simply Arromanches) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandie region of northwestern France.

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Arthur C. Clarke

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Bedford School

Bedford School is an HMC independent school for boys located in the county town of Bedford in England.

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Bernal chart

A Bernal chart (bər′nal ′chärt) in crystallography, is a chart used for indexing X-ray diffraction photographs from single crystals.

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Bernal Lecture

The Bernal Lecture was an annual lecture on the social function of science organised by the Royal Society of London and endowed by Professor John Desmond Bernal.

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Bernal sphere

A Bernal sphere is a type of space habitat intended as a long-term home for permanent residents, first proposed in 1929 by John Desmond Bernal.

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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society.

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Birkbeck, University of London

Birkbeck, University of London (formally, Birkbeck College; informally, Birkbeck), is a public research university located in Bloomsbury, London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Black Athena

Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, its three volumes first published in 1987, 1991, and 2006 respectively, is a scholarly work by Martin Bernal.

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Bocage

Bocage is a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture.

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Boris Hessen

Boris Mikhailovich Hessen (Бори́с Миха́йлович Ге́ссен), also Gessen (August 16, 1893, Elisavetgrad – December 20, 1936, Moscow), was a Soviet physicist, philosopher and historian of science.

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Bridge Street, Cambridge

Bridge Street is a historic street in the north of central Cambridge, England.

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Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.

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C. P. Snow

Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow, CBE (15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was a novelist and English physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cavendish Laboratory

The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences.

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Charles Kay Ogden

Charles Kay Ogden (1 June 1889 – 20 March 1957) was an English linguist, philosopher, and writer.

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Communist Party of Great Britain

The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was a British communist party which was the largest communist party in Great Britain, although it never became a mass party like those in France and Italy.

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.

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County Tipperary

County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Árann) is a county in Ireland.

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Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.

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Culture24

Culture24, originally the 24 Hour Museum, is a British charity which publishes two websites, Culture24 and Show Me, about visual culture and heritage in the United Kingdom, as well as supplying data and support services to other cultural websites including Engaging Places.

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Dictionary of National Biography

The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885.

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Dieppe Raid

The Dieppe Raid was an Allied assault on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France on 19 August 1942, during the Second World War.

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Dorothy Hodgkin

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a British chemist who developed protein crystallography, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.

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Emmanuel College, Cambridge

Emmanuel College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

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Ergocalciferol

Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.

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Estrone (medication)

Estrone, sold under the brand names Estragyn, Kestrin, and Theelin among many others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and for other indications.

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Eugene Garfield

Eugene Eli Garfield (September 16, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".

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Fernand Braudel

Fernand Braudel (24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian and a leader of the Annales School.

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Frédéric Joliot-Curie

Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958), born Jean Frédéric Joliot, was a French physicist, husband of Irène Joliot-Curie with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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Geoffrey Pyke

Geoffrey Nathaniel Joseph Pyke (9 November 1893 – 21 February 1948 was an English journalist, educationalist, and later an inventor whose clever, but unorthodox, ideas could be difficult to implement. Pyke came to public attention when he escaped from internment in Germany during World War I. He had travelled to Germany under a false passport, and was soon arrested and interned. Pyke is particularly remembered for his innovative proposals for weapons of war, most especially the material pykrete and the proposed construction of the ship Habakkuk from it.

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Goniometer

A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position.

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Graphite

Graphite, archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline allotrope of carbon, a semimetal, a native element mineral, and a form of coal.

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Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GSE; Большая советская энциклопедия, БСЭ, Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published by the Soviet state from 1926 to 1990, and again since 2002 by Russia (under the name Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya or Great Russian Encyclopedia).

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

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History of science

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.

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Hutchinson (publisher)

Hutchinson began as Hutchinson & Co.

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Hyman Levy

Prof Hyman Levy (1889 – 1975) was a Scottish philosopher, Emeritus Professor of Imperial College London, mathematician, political activist and fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

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Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.

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Ipswich

Ipswich is the county town of Suffolk, England, located on the estuary of the River Orwell, about north east of London.

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Ipswich Star

The Ipswich Star (formerly Evening Star) is a daily evening local newspaper based in Ipswich, UK.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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J. B. S. Haldane

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964) was an English scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics.

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John Macmurray

John Macmurray MC (16 February 1891 – 21 June 1976) was a Scottish philosopher.

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Joseph Needham

Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Journal of Biosciences

The Journal of Biosciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

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Journal of Medical Biography

The Journal of Medical Biography is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1993 covering the lives of people in or associated with medicine, including medical figures and well-known characters from history and their afflictions.

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Kingston upon Hull

Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Lancelot Hogben

Lancelot Thomas Hogben FRS FRSE (9 December 1895 – 22 August 1975) was a British experimental zoologist and medical statistician.

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Lenin Peace Prize

The International Lenin Peace Prize (международная Ленинская премия мира, mezhdunarodnaya Leninskaya premiya mira) was a Soviet Union award named in honor of Vladimir Lenin.

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Limerick

Limerick (Luimneach) is a city in County Limerick, Ireland.

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Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, educator, and husband of American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.

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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma

Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.

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Lysenkoism

Lysenkoism (Lysenkovshchina) was a political campaign against genetics and science-based agriculture conducted by Trofim Lysenko, his followers and Soviet authorities.

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Margaret Gardiner (artist)

Margaret Emilia Gardiner OBE (22 April 1904 – 2 January 2005) was a radical modern British patron of artists and resident of Hampstead, London, from 1932, where she was also a left wing political activist.

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Margot Heinemann

Margot Claire Heinemann (18 November 1913 – 10 June 1992) was a British Marxist writer, drama scholar, and leading member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).

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Martin Bernal

Martin Gardiner Bernal (10 March 1937 – 9 June 2013) was a British scholar of modern Chinese political history.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Max Perutz

Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin.

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Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)

The Medical Research Council (MRC) is responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom.

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Michael Faraday Medal and Prize

The Michael Faraday Medal and Prize is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Physics in experimental physics, one of the Institute's Gold medals.

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Ministry of Home Security

The Ministry of Home Security was a British government department established in 1939 to direct national civil defence (primarily tasked with organising air raid precautions) during the Second World War.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.

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Morden

Morden is a district and town in the London Borough of Merton, England, located around south-southwest of central London.

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Natural science

Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

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Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research articles, reviews, news, and commentaries in structural and molecular biology, with an emphasis on papers that further a "functional and mechanistic understanding of how molecular components in a biological process work together".

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Nenagh

Nenagh or simply An tAonach, meaning “The Fair of Ormond” is the county town and second largest town in County Tipperary in Ireland.

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New Statesman

The New Statesman is a British political and cultural magazine published in London.

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Nikolai Bukharin

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (– 15 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and prolific author on revolutionary theory.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Normandy landings

The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.

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Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.

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Patrick Blackett

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948.

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Pepsin

Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease).

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.

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Port and starboard

Port and starboard are nautical and aeronautical terms for left and right, respectively.

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Project Habakkuk

Project Habakkuk or Habbakuk (spelling varies; see below) was a plan by the British during the Second World War to construct an aircraft carrier out of pykrete (a mixture of wood pulp and ice) for use against German U-boats in the mid-Atlantic, which were beyond the flight range of land-based planes at that time.

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Quaternion

In mathematics, the quaternions are a number system that extends the complex numbers.

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Quebec Conference, 1943

The First Quebec Conference (codenamed "QUADRANT") was a highly secret military conference held during World War II between the British, Canadian and United States governments.

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Ralph Fox

Ralph Hartzler Fox (March 24, 1913 – December 23, 1973) was an American mathematician.

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Ribonuclease

Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components.

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Robert Olby

Robert Cecil Olby (born in Beckenham on October 4, 1933) is a research professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Robert Page Arnot

Robert "Robin" Page Arnot (15 December 1890 – 18 May 1986), best known as R. Page Arnot, was a British Communist journalist and politician.

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Robert Scholes

Robert E. Scholes (1929-2016) was an American literary critic and theorist.

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Ronald George Wreyford Norrish

Ronald George Wreyford Norrish FRS (9 November 1897 – 7 June 1978) was a British chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.

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Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.

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Royal Institution

The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often abbreviated as the Royal Institution or Ri) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

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Royal Medal

A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Society Bakerian Medal

The Bakerian Medal is one of the premier medals of the Royal Society that recognizes exceptional and outstanding science.

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Russian Academy of Sciences

The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíiskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.

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Science Citation Index

The Science Citation Index (SCI) is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield.

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Science fiction

Science fiction (often shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as advanced science and technology, spaceflight, time travel, and extraterrestrial life.

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Science in History

Science in History is a four-volume book by scientist and historian John Desmond Bernal, published in 1954.

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Sephardi Jews

Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (סְפָרַדִּים, Modern Hebrew: Sefaraddim, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm; also Ye'hude Sepharad, lit. "The Jews of Spain"), originally from Sepharad, Spain or the Iberian peninsula, are a Jewish ethnic division.

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Sheffield

Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England.

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Smithfield, London

Smithfield is a locality in the ward of Farringdon Without situated at the City of London's northwest in central London, England.

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Sociology of scientific knowledge

The sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) is the study of science as a social activity, especially dealing with "the social conditions and effects of science, and with the social structures and processes of scientific activity." The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is complementary to the sociology of scientific knowledge.

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Soho

Soho is an area of the City of Westminster, part of the West End of London.

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Solecism

A solecism is a phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar.

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Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman

Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman (30 May 1904 – 1 April 1993) was a British public servant, zoologist and operational research pioneer.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Space colonization

Space colonization (also called space settlement, or extraterrestrial colonization) is permanent human habitation off the planet Earth.

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Space group

In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a configuration in space, usually in three dimensions.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Sterol

Sterols, also known as steroid alcohols, are a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules.

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Stevie Smith

Florence Margaret Smith, known as Stevie Smith (20 September 1902 – 7 March 1971), was an English poet and novelist.

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Stonyhurst College

Stonyhurst College is a coeducational Roman Catholic independent school, adhering to the Jesuit tradition, on the Stonyhurst Estate, Lancashire, England.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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Thiamine

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food, and manufactured as a dietary supplement and medication.

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Tobacco mosaic virus

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, genus tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.

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Torrington Square

Torrington Square is a square in Bloomsbury, owned by the University of London, located in central London, England.

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Trofim Lysenko

Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (Трофи́м Дени́сович Лысе́нко, Трохи́м Дени́сович Лисе́нко; 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and biologist.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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Verso Books

Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a publishing house based in London and New York City, founded in 1970 by the staff of New Left Review.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Wellcome Collection

Wellcome Collection is a museum and library based at 183 Euston Road, London, displaying an unusual mixture of medical artifacts and original artworks exploring "ideas about the connections between medicine, life and art".

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William Henry Bragg

Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field).

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World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace

The World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace (Światowy Kongres Intelektualistów w Obronie Pokoju) was an international conference held on 25 to 28 August 1948 at Wrocław University of Technology.

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World Peace Council

The World Peace Council (WPC) is an international organization that advocates universal disarmament, sovereignty and independence and peaceful co-existence, and campaigns against imperialism, weapons of mass destruction and all forms of discrimination.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

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Redirects here:

J D Bernal, J. Bernal, J. D. Bernal, J.D. Bernal, JD Bernal, John Bernal, John D. Bernal, The Social Function of Science, The World, the Flesh & the Devil: An Enquiry into the Future of the Three Enemies of the Rational Soul.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Desmond_Bernal

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