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Jean Piaget

Index Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist and epistemologist known for his pioneering work in child development. [1]

163 relations: A-not-B error, Abstraction, Acheulean, Active learning, Adaptation, Adele Diamond, Alan Kay, Alfred Binet, Alison Gopnik, Andreas Demetriou, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Artificial intelligence, Asymmetry, Édouard Claparède, B. F. Skinner, Balzan Prize, Bärbel Inhelder, Benoit Mandelbrot, Brian Rotman, Carol Gilligan, Character education, Child development, Cimetière des Rois, Cognition, Cognitive acceleration, Cognitivism (psychology), Columbidae, Computer science, Constance Kamii, Constructivism (philosophy of education), Constructivist epistemology, Cooperative, Cornell University, Developmental psychology, Dialectic, Differential psychology, Dimitriou, Dynabook, Dynamical systems theory, Early childhood education, Edith Ackermann, Education, Egocentrism, Eleanor Duckworth, Eleanor J. Gibson, Elizabeth Bates, Elton Mayo, Epistemology, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, ..., Ernst von Glasersfeld, Ethnocentrism, Evert Willem Beth, Evolution, Fluid and crystallized intelligence, Genetic epistemology, Geneva, Google Scholar, Graphical user interface, Habit, Hans G. Furth, Hawthorne effect, Henri Bergson, Herbert Ginsburg, Hilary Putnam, Historical materialism, Horizontal and vertical décalage, Howard Gardner, Howard Gruber, Ideology, Immanuel Kant, Information processing, Inquiry-based learning, International Bureau of Education, International Union of Psychological Science, Interpersonal relationship, Interview, Introspection, J. McVicker Hunt, James Mark Baldwin, James W. Fowler, Jürgen Habermas, Jerome Bruner, John H. Flavell, John Robert Anderson (psychologist), Jordan Peterson, Kenneth Kaye, Kieran Egan (educationist), Knowledge, Lawrence Kohlberg, Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Leo Apostel, Lev Vygotsky, Logo (programming language), Marvin Minsky, Medieval literature, Memory, Mental chronometry, Metacognition, Michael Commons, Mindstorms (book), Model of hierarchical complexity, Morality, Natural history, Naturalistic observation, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development, Neuchâtel, Noam Chomsky, Object permanence, Objectification, Oldowan, Paradigm shift, PARC (company), Paul Fraisse, Perception, Philosopher, Philosophy, Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Pierre Janet, Primatology, Psychoanalysis, Psychological evaluation, Psychologist, Psychometrics, Religious development, Renée Baillargeon, Research program, Review of General Psychology, Robert Karplus, Robert Kegan, Rochel Gelman, Romandy, Rousseau Institute, Sabina Spielrein, Schema (psychology), Science, Seymour Papert, Social norm, Social relation, Social theory, Society of Mind, Spider, Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, Stephen Toulmin, Switzerland, Théodore Simon, The Educated Mind, The Theory of Communicative Action, Theory & Psychology, Thomas Kuhn, Tribe, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago Press, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, University of Michigan, University of Neuchâtel, University of Paris, University of Zurich, Water-level task, Working memory, Xerox Alto, Zone of proximal development. Expand index (113 more) »

A-not-B error

A-not-B error (also known as "stage 4 error" or "perseverative error") is a phenomenon uncovered by the work of Jean Piaget in his theory of cognitive development of children.

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Abstraction

Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process where general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal ("real" or "concrete") signifiers, first principles, or other methods.

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Acheulean

Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French acheuléen, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand-axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.

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Active learning

Active learning is a form of learning in which teaching strives to involve students in the learning process more directly than in other methods.

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Adele Diamond

Adele Diamond is the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of British Columbia (UBC), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC), and was recently listed as one of the 15 most influential neuroscientists.

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Alan Kay

Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940 published by the Association for Computing Machinery 2012) is an American computer scientist.

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Alfred Binet

Alfred Binet (July 8, 1857 – October 18, 1911) was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet–Simon test.

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Alison Gopnik

Alison Gopnik (born June 16, 1955) is an American professor of psychology and affiliate professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Andreas Demetriou

Andreas Demetriou (Ανδρέας Δημητρίου; born Andreas Panteli Demetriou on 15 August 1950) is a Greek Cypriot developmental psychologist and former Minister of Education and Culture of Cyprus.

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Andrew N. Meltzoff

Andrew N. Meltzoff (born February 9, 1950) is an American psychologist and an internationally recognized expert on infant and child development.

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Annette Karmiloff-Smith

Annette Karmiloff-Smith CBE FBA FMedSci (1938–2016) was a professorial research fellow at the Developmental Neurocognition Lab at Birkbeck, University of London.

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Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.

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Asymmetry

Asymmetry is the absence of, or a violation of, symmetry (the property of an object being invariant to a transformation, such as reflection).

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Édouard Claparède

Édouard Claparède (24 March 1873 – 29 September 1940) was a Swiss neurologist, child psychologist, and educator.

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B. F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

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Balzan Prize

The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organizations who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of humanities, natural sciences, culture, as well as for endeavours for peace and the brotherhood of man.

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Bärbel Inhelder

Bärbel Elisabeth Inhelder (April 15, 1913 – February 17, 1997) was a Swiss psychologist most known for her work under psychologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget and their contributions toward child development.

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Benoit Mandelbrot

Benoit B.  Mandelbrot  (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born, French and American mathematician and polymath with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as "the art of roughness" of physical phenomena and "the uncontrolled element in life".

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Brian Rotman

Brian Rotman is a British-born professor who works in the United States.

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Carol Gilligan

Carol Gilligan (born November 28, 1936) is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist best known for her work on ethical community and ethical relationships, and certain subject-object problems in ethics.

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Character education

Character education is an umbrella term loosely used to describe the teaching of children in a manner that will help them develop variously as moral, civic, good, mannered, behaved, non-bullying, healthy, critical, successful, traditional, compliant or socially acceptable beings.

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Child development

Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.

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Cimetière des Rois

The Cimetière des Rois (French: Cemetery of Kings) (officially Cimetière de Plainpalais), is a cemetery in Geneva, Switzerland, where John Calvin (the Protestant reformer), Jorge Luis Borges (the Argentine author), Sérgio Vieira de Mello (the former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights), Ernest Ansermet (renowned Swiss conductor), and Jean Piaget A full-color version of the published photo of Piaget's grave can be found, although this is covered by copyright and permission is required from the APA for its re-use.

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Cognition

Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Cognitive acceleration

Cognitive acceleration or CA is an approach to teaching designed to develop students' thinking ability, developed by Michael Shayer and Philip Adey from 1981 at King's College London.

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Cognitivism (psychology)

In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s.

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Columbidae

Pigeons and doves constitute the animal family Columbidae and the order Columbiformes, which includes about 42 genera and 310 species.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Constance Kamii

Constance Kamii is a Professor, Early Childhood Education Program Department of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

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Constructivism (philosophy of education)

Constructivism is a philosophical viewpoint about the nature of knowledge.

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Constructivist epistemology

Constructivist epistemology is a branch in philosophy of science maintaining that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, who seek to measure and construct models of the natural world.

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Cooperative

A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise".

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.

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Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.

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Dialectic

Dialectic or dialectics (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

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Differential psychology

Differential psychology studies the ways in which individuals differ in their behavior and the processes that underlie it.

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Dimitriou

Dimitriou or Demetriou (Δημητρίου) is a Greek patronymic surname, meaning "child of Demetrios".

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Dynabook

The KiddiComp concept, envisioned by Alan Kay in 1968 while a PhD candidate, and later developed and described as the Dynabook in his 1972 proposal "A personal computer for children of all ages", outlines the requirements for a conceptual portable educational device that would offer similar functionality to that now supplied via a laptop computer or (in some of its other incarnations) a tablet or slate computer with the exception of the requirement for any Dynabook device offering near eternal battery life.

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Dynamical systems theory

Dynamical systems theory is an area of mathematics used to describe the behavior of the complex dynamical systems, usually by employing differential equations or difference equations.

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Early childhood education

Early childhood education (ECE; also nursery education) is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching of older children (formally and informally) up until the age of about eighteen (birth to Grade 2).

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Edith Ackermann

Edith K. Ackermann (1946 – December 24, 2016) was a Swiss-born American psychologist who explored the interactions between developmental psychology, play, learning and design.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Egocentrism

Egocentrism is the inability to differentiate between self and other.

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Eleanor Duckworth

Eleanor Ruth Duckworth (born 1935) is a teacher, teacher educator, and educational theorist.

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Eleanor J. Gibson

Eleanor Jack Gibson (7 December 1910 – 30 December 2002) was an American psychologist who focused on reading development and perceptual learning in infants and toddlers.

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Elizabeth Bates

Elizabeth Bates (July 26, 1947 – December 13, 2003) was a Professor of psychology and cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego.

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Elton Mayo

George Elton Mayo (26 December 1880 – 7 September 1949) was an Australian born psychologist, industrial researcher, and organizational theorist.

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Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.

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Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson, is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.

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Ernst von Glasersfeld

Ernst von Glasersfeld (March 8, 1917 in Munich – November 12, 2010 in Leverett, Franklin County, Massachusetts) was a philosopher, and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Georgia, research associate at the Scientific Reasoning Research Institute, and adjunct professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

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Evert Willem Beth

Evert Willem Beth (7 July 1908 – 12 April 1964) was a Dutch philosopher and logician, whose work principally concerned the foundations of mathematics.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Fluid and crystallized intelligence

In psychology, fluid and crystallized intelligence (respectively abbreviated Gf and Gc) are factors of general intelligence, originally identified by Raymond Cattell.

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Genetic epistemology

Genetic epistemology or 'developmental theory of knowledge' is a study of the origins (genesis) of knowledge (epistemology) established by Jean Piaget.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Google Scholar

Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.

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Graphical user interface

The graphical user interface (GUI), is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

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Habit

A habit (or wont) is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously.

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Hans G. Furth

Hans Gerhard Fürth or Hans G. Furth (December 2, 1920, Vienna – November 7, 1999, Takoma Park, Maryland), was a Professor emeritus in the Faculty of Psychology of the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., aged 78 at the time of his death.

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Hawthorne effect

The Hawthorne effect (also referred to as the observer effect) is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.

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Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French-Jewish philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II.

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Herbert Ginsburg

Herbert P. Ginsburg is Jacob H. Schiff Foundation Professor of Psychology & Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.

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Hilary Putnam

Hilary Whitehall Putnam (July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist, and a major figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century.

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Historical materialism

Historical materialism is the methodological approach of Marxist historiography that focuses on human societies and their development over time, claiming that they follow a number of observable tendencies.

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Horizontal and vertical décalage

Horizontal and vertical décalage are terms coined by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget.

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Howard Gardner

Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943) is an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University.

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Howard Gruber

Howard Ernest Gruber (November 6, 1922 – January 25, 2005), an American psychologist, was a pioneer of the psychological study of creativity.

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Ideology

An Ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.

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Information processing

Information processing is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.

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Inquiry-based learning

Inquiry-based learning (also enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge.

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International Bureau of Education

The International Bureau of Education (IBE-UNESCO) is a UNESCO category 1 institute mandated as the Centre of Excellence in curriculum and related matters.

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International Union of Psychological Science

The International Union of Psychological Science, abbreviated IUPsyS or the Union, is the global umbrella organization for psychology.

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Interpersonal relationship

An interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep, or close association or acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring.

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Interview

An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given.

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Introspection

Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.

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J. McVicker Hunt

Joseph McVicker Hunt (March 19, 1906 – January 9, 1991) was a prominent American educational psychologist and author.

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James Mark Baldwin

James Mark Baldwin (January 12, 1861, Columbia, South Carolina – November 8, 1934, Paris) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at the university.

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James W. Fowler

James W. Fowler III (October 12, 1940 – October 16, 2015) was an American theologian who was Professor of Theology and Human Development at Emory University.

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Jürgen Habermas

Jürgen Habermas (born 18 June 1929) is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.

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Jerome Bruner

Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology.

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John H. Flavell

John H. Flavell (born August 9, 1928 in Rockland, Massachusetts) is an American developmental psychologist specializing in children's cognitive development.

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John Robert Anderson (psychologist)

John Robert Anderson (born August 27, 1947) is a Canadian-born American psychologist.

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Jordan Peterson

Jordan Bernt Peterson (born June 12, 1962) is a Canadian clinical psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto.

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Kenneth Kaye

Kenneth Kaye (born January 24, 1946) is an American psychologist and writer whose research, books, and articles connect the fields of human development, family relationships and conflict resolution.

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Kieran Egan (educationist)

Kieran Egan (born 1942) is a contemporary educational philosopher and a student of the classics, anthropology, cognitive psychology, and cultural history.

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Knowledge

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.

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Lawrence Kohlberg

Lawrence Kohlberg (October 25, 1927 – January 19, 1987) was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development.

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Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget.

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Leo Apostel

Leo Apostel (Antwerp, 4 September 1925 – Ghent, 10 August 1995) was a Belgian philosopher and professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University.

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Lev Vygotsky

Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (p; – June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of an unfinished theory of human cultural and bio-social development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, a prominent advocate for a new theory of consciousness, the "psychology of superman", and leader of the Vygotsky Circle (also referred to as "Vygotsky-Luria Circle").

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Logo (programming language)

Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon.

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Marvin Minsky

Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts concerning AI and philosophy.

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Medieval literature

Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century).

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Memory

Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

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Mental chronometry

Mental chronometry is the use of response time in perceptual-motor tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of cognitive operations.

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Metacognition

Metacognition is "cognition about cognition", "thinking about thinking", "knowing about knowing", becoming "aware of one's awareness" and higher-order thinking skills.

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Michael Commons

Michael Lamport Commons (b. 1939) is a theoretical behavioral scientist and a complex systems scientist.

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Mindstorms (book)

Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas is a book by computer scientist Seymour Papert, in which he argues for the benefits of teaching computer literacy in primary and secondary education.

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Model of hierarchical complexity

The model of hierarchical complexity is a framework for scoring how complex a behavior is, such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks.

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Morality

Morality (from) is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper.

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Natural history

Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.

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Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation is, in contrast to analog observation, a research tool in which a subject is observed in its natural habitat without any manipulation by the observer.

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Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development

Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development criticize and build upon Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

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Neuchâtel

Neuchâtel, or Neuchatel; (neu(f) "new" and chatel "castle" (château); Neuenburg; Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel or Neufchâtel)The city was also called Neuchâtel-outre-Joux (Neuchâtel beyond Joux) to distinguish it from another Neuchâtel in Burgundy, now Neuchâtel-Urtière.

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Noam Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic and political activist.

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Object permanence

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived (seen, heard, touched, smelled or sensed in any way).

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Objectification

In social philosophy, objectification is the act of treating a person, or sometimes an animal, as an object or a thing.

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Oldowan

The Oldowan (or Mode I) is the earliest widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory.

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Paradigm shift

A paradigm shift (also radical theory change), a concept identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996), is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline.

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PARC (company)

PARC (Palo Alto Research Center; formerly Xerox PARC) is a research and development company in Palo Alto, California, with a distinguished reputation for its contributions to information technology and hardware systems.

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Paul Fraisse

Paul Fraisse (20 March 1911 – 12 October 1996) was a French psychologist.

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

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Philosopher

A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence.

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Pierre Janet

Pierre Marie Félix Janet (30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, philosopher and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.

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Primatology

Primatology is the scientific study of primates.

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Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.

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Psychological evaluation

Psychological evaluation is defined as a way of assessing an individual's behavior, personality, cognitive abilities, and several other domains.

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Psychologist

A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states from cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.

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Psychometrics

Psychometrics is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

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Religious development

Childhood- According to the psychologist Jean Piaget, children and adolescents go through 3 stages of religious development.

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Renée Baillargeon

Renée Baillargeon (born 1954) is an Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

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Research program

A research program (UK: research programme) is a professional network of scientists conducting basic research.

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Review of General Psychology

Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for General Psychology.

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Robert Karplus

Robert Karplus (February 23, 1927 – March 20, 1990) was a theoretical physicist and leader in the field of science education.

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Robert Kegan

Robert Kegan (born August 24, 1946) is an American developmental psychologist and author.

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Rochel Gelman

Rochel Gelman (born January 23, 1942) is a psychology professor at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, and Co-Director of the Center for Cognitive Science.

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Romandy

Romandy (la Romandie)Before World War I, the term French Switzerland (Suisse française) was. is the French-speaking part of western Switzerland. In 2010, about 1.9 million people, or 24.4% of the Swiss population, lived in Romandy. The bulk of romand population lives in the Arc Lémanique region along Lake Geneva, connecting Geneva, Vaud and the Lower Valais.

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Rousseau Institute

Rousseau Institute (also known as Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute or Academy of Geneva; Académie De Genève or Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau) is a private school in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Sabina Spielrein

Sabina Nikolayevna Spielrein (p; 25 October 1885 OS – 11 August 1942) was a Russian physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts.

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Schema (psychology)

In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (plural schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Seymour Papert

Seymour Aubrey Papert (February 29, 1928 – July 31, 2016) was a South African-born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at MIT.

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Social norm

From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society.

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Social relation

In social science, a social relation or social interaction is any relationship between two or more individuals.

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Social theory

Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena.

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Society of Mind

The Society of Mind is both the title of a 1986 book and the name of a theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky.

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Spider

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.

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Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales

The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford–Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet–Simon Scale by Lewis M. Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University.

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Stephen Toulmin

Stephen Edelston Toulmin (25 March 1922 – 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Théodore Simon

Théodore Simon (10 July 1872 – 4 September 1961) was a French psychologist who worked with Alfred Binet to develop the Binet-Simon scale, one of the most widely used scales in the world for measuring intelligence.

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The Educated Mind

The Educated Mind: How Cognitive Tools Shape Our Understanding is a 1997 book on educational theory by Kieran Egan.

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The Theory of Communicative Action

The Theory of Communicative Action (Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns) is a two-volume 1981 book by Jürgen Habermas, in which the author continues his project of finding a way to ground "the social sciences in a theory of language", which had been set out in On the Logic of the Social Sciences (1967).

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Theory & Psychology

Theory & Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Psychology.

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Thomas Kuhn

Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American physicist, historian and philosopher of science whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom.

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Tribe

A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.

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University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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University of Geneva

The University of Geneva (French: Université de Genève) is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland.

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University of Lausanne

The University of Lausanne (UNIL, French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of theology, before being made a university in 1890.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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University of Neuchâtel

The University of Neuchâtel (UniNE) is a French-speaking university based in Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

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University of Paris

The University of Paris (Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (one of its buildings), was a university in Paris, France, from around 1150 to 1793, and from 1806 to 1970.

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University of Zurich

The University of Zurich (UZH, Universität Zürich), located in the city of Zürich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students.

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Water-level task

The water-level task is an experiment in developmental and cognitive psychology developed by Jean Piaget.

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Working memory

Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing.

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Xerox Alto

The Xerox Alto is the first computer designed from its inception to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface (GUI), later using the desktop metaphor.

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Zone of proximal development

The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help, and what they can't do.

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J. Piaget, Piaget, Jean, Piagetian, Professor Piaget.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget

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