Communication

365 relations: Adolf Hitler, Alfred Rosenberg, Allied-occupied Germany, Alter Kämpfer, Ambassador, Andreas Hillgruber, Anglo-German Fellowship, Anglo-German Naval Agreement, Anglo-Polish military alliance, Anglophobia, Ankara, Anschluss, Anthony Eden, Anti-Americanism, Anti-Comintern Pact, Anti-German sentiment, Anti-Polish sentiment, Antisemitism, Anton Diffring, Appeasement, Arosa, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Austen Chamberlain, Axel Wenner-Gren, Şükrü Saracoğlu, Škoda Works, Balkans, Baron, Battle of Singapore, Bavaria, Belgrade, Benito Mussolini, Berghof (residence), Berlin, Bernhard von Bülow, Birger Dahlerus, Black Sea, Bolsheviks, Boston, Bratislava, Brenner Pass, British Empire, Bucharest, Budapest, Bulgaria, Burton C. Andrus, Canada, Canary Islands, Capital punishment, ..., Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Carpathian Ruthenia, Carpatho-Ukraine, Case Blue, Cashiering, Caucasus, Cécil von Renthe-Fink, Chancellor of Germany, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, Chiang Kai-shek, Christopher Browning, Coup d'état, Court of St James's, Crimes against humanity, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Dahlem (Berlin), Daily Express, Daily Mail, Demeter Bitenc, Der Spiegel, Deutschlandlied, Diego von Bergen, Disarmament, Duff Cooper, Durham Cathedral, Eastern Front (World War I), Edmund Veesenmayer, Eduard Hempel, Edward Baker-Duly, Edward VIII, Edward VIII abdication crisis, Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, Embassy of Germany, London, Emil Hácha, English language, Eric Phipps, Ernst von Weizsäcker, Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, Eugen Ott (ambassador), Eurasia, European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry, Extermination camp, Fall Weiss (1939), Führer, Felix Gilbert, Fernand de Brinon, Field marshal, Final Solution, France–Germany relations, Francophile, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franz von Papen, French language, Friedrich von Keller (diplomat), Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg, Fritz Grobba, Galeazzo Ciano, Geoffrey Toone, George Bernard Shaw, George VI, Georges Bonnet, Gerhard Weinberg, German Army (German Empire), German Army (Wehrmacht), German Empire, German–Soviet Axis talks, Germany and the Second World War, Germany–United Kingdom relations, Gleichschaltung, Gleiwitz incident, Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken, Glossary of Nazi Germany, Gomer Berry, 1st Viscount Kemsley, Gordon A. Craig, Grenoble, Gustav Stresemann, Gustave Gilbert, Gustave Mesny, Hanging, Hanns Ludin, Hans Kroll, Hans Luther, Hans Thomsen, Hans-Adolf von Moltke, Hans-Heinrich Dieckhoff, Havas, Heinrich Georg Stahmer, Heinrich Himmler, Helmut Krausnick, Henry Ashby Turner, Henry Daniell, Henryk Borowski, Herbert von Dirksen, Hermann Göring, Hiroshi Ōshima, Hitler Cabinet, Hitler Youth, Hoboken, New Jersey, Holger Handtke, Holland America Line, Hotel Adlon, Hotel Lux (film), Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, Hussar, Independent State of Croatia, Ion Antonescu, Iron Cross, Iron Guard, Isar, Istanbul, Italian Social Republic, Józef Beck, Józef Lipski, Joachim Fest, John C. Woods, John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, John Weitz, John Woodvine, Joseph Goebbels, Joseph Stalin, Jozef Tiso, Juozas Urbšys, Kaunas, Kingdom of Italy, Klaipėda Region, Klaus Hildebrand, Konstantin von Neurath, Kosti Klemelä, Kuomintang, Kurt von Schleicher, Latvia, Laurence Rees, Le Matin (France), League of Nations, Lebensraum, Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom, Leipzig Trade Fair, Leland B. Morris, Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, Leopold von Hoesch, List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Germany, List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (R), List of Nazi Party leaders and officials, Lithuania, London, Lord Privy Seal, Louis Barthou, Louis Leo Snyder, Madagascar, Madagascar Plan, Manchukuo, Manfred Freiherr von Killinger, Manfred Messerschmidt, Mare Nostrum, Martin Luther (diplomat), Mein Kampf, Merchant Ivory Productions, Metz, Mihail Manoilescu, Miklós Horthy, Military budget, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, Minto Skating Club, Mission to Moscow, Mobilization, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations, Molson Bank, Moncton, Montreal, Munich, Munich Agreement, Mussolini and I, Mussolini: The Untold Story, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, National Transcontinental Railway, Nazi Germany, Nazi Party, Nazi salute, Nevile Henderson, Neville Chamberlain, New York City, Nobiliary particle, Non-aggression pact, NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs, NSDAP/AO, Nuremberg, Nuremberg (2000 film), Nuremberg trials, Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Retribution (1941), Operation Torch, Operation Willi, Oskar von Hindenburg, Ostfriedhof (Munich), Ottawa, Otto Abetz, Otto Meissner, Pact of Steel, Paul Schmidt (interpreter), Paul von Hindenburg, Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, Phoney War, Pierre Laval, Polish Corridor, Power politics, Prague, Preventive war, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, Protectorate, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Punch (magazine), Puppet state, Quebec Bridge, Raffaele Guariglia, Rainer Zitelmann, Ramón Serrano Suñer, Reich Chancellery, René Massigli, Rhine Province, Richard Kane, Richard Overy, Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, Robert Hardy, Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart, Romania, Ronald Smelser, Rotterdam, Royal Navy, Rudolf Buttmann, Saburō Kurusu, Sachsenhausen concentration camp, Salzburg, Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood, Satellite state, Schloss Fuschl, Schutzstaffel, Second Vienna Award, Serbia, Sicherheitsdienst, Siegfried Kasche, Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941), Slavko Kvaternik, Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovakia, Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten, Stanley Baldwin, Stanley Street (Montreal), Sturmabteilung, Sudetenland, Sumner Welles, Switzerland, The Death of Adolf Hitler, The Gathering Storm (1974 film), The Holocaust, The Nazis: A Warning from History, The Remains of the Day (film), The Royal British Legion, The Winds of War, Thomas Jones (civil servant), Trans-Siberian Railway, Transylvania, Treaty of Versailles, Tripartite Pact, Tuberculosis, Turkey, Turkish Straits, Ukrainian nationalism, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ulrich von Hassell, Upstairs Downstairs (2010 TV series), Ustashe, Vichy France, Vladimir Dekanozov, Volte-face, Von, Vyacheslav Molotov, Walther Hewel, Wandering Jew, Wang Jingwei, Wang Jingwei regime, Wannsee Conference, Warsaw, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Wehrmacht, Weimar Republic, Werner von Blomberg, Wesel, Western Front (World War I), White supremacy, Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple, Wilhelm Deist, Wilhelm Frick, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, William C. Kirby, Winnipeg, Winston Churchill, Wolf Kahler, Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff, Wolfgang Mommsen, Wolfram Wette, World Disarmament Conference, World War I, World War II, Yōsuke Matsuoka, Yugoslavia, Yvon Delbos, Zweites Buch, 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania, 20 July plot, 5th Special Air Service. Expand index (315 more) » « Shrink index

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Alfred Rosenberg

Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (12 January 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German theorist and an influential ideologue of the Nazi Party.

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Allied-occupied Germany

Upon the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the victorious Allies asserted their joint authority and sovereignty over 'Germany as a whole', defined as all territories of the former German Reich which lay west of the Oder–Neisse line, having declared the extinction of Nazi Germany at the death of Adolf Hitler (see 1945 Berlin Declaration).

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Alter Kämpfer

Alter Kämpfer (German for "Old Fighter"; plural: Alte Kämpfer) is a term referring to the earliest members of the Nazi Party, i.e. those who joined it before the Reichstag elections of September 1930, with many belonging to the Party as early as its first foundation in 1919–1923.

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Ambassador

An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment.

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Andreas Hillgruber

Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian.

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Anglo-German Fellowship

The Anglo-German Fellowship was a membership organisation which existed from 1935 to 1939, and which aimed to build up friendship between the United Kingdom and Germany.

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Anglo-German Naval Agreement

The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 18 June 1935 was a naval agreement between the United Kingdom and Germany regulating the size of the Kriegsmarine in relation to the Royal Navy.

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Anglo-Polish military alliance

The military alliance between the United Kingdom and Poland was formalised by the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939 and subsequent addenda of 1940 and 1944, for mutual assistance in case of military invasion from Germany, as specified in a secret protocol.

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Anglophobia

Anti-English sentiment or Anglophobia (from Latin Anglus "English" and Greek φόβος, phobos, "fear") means opposition to, dislike of, fear of, or hatred towards England or the English people.

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Ankara

Ankara (English; Turkish Ottoman Turkish Engürü), formerly known as Ancyra (Ἄγκυρα, Ankyra, "anchor") and Angora, is the capital of the Republic of Turkey.

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Anschluss

Anschluss ('joining') refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.

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Anthony Eden

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician who served three periods as Foreign Secretary and then a relatively brief term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957.

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Anti-Americanism

Anti-Americanism, anti-American sentiment, or sometimes Americanophobia, is dislike of or opposition to the governmental policies of the United States, especially regarding the foreign policy, or the American people in general.

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Anti-Comintern Pact

The Anti-Comintern Pact was an anti-Communist pact concluded between Germany and Japan (later to be joined by other, mainly fascist, governments) on November 25, 1936, and was directed against the Communist International.

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Anti-German sentiment

Anti-German sentiment (or Germanophobia) is defined as an opposition to or fear of Germany, its inhabitants, its culture and the German language.

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Anti-Polish sentiment

Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism, and anti-Polish sentiment are terms for a variety of hostile attitudes and acts toward Polish persons and culture.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Anton Diffring

Anton Diffring (20 October 1918 – 19 May 1989) was a German character actor known for his portrayal of German officers and aristocrats in many film and TV appearances.

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Appeasement

Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

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Arosa

Arosa is a statistic town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

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Arthur Seyss-Inquart

Arthur Seyss-Inquart (German:; 22 July 189216 October 1946) was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria for two days – from 11 to 13 March 1938 – before the Anschluss annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, signing the constitutional law as acting head of state upon the resignation of President Wilhelm Miklas.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.

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Austen Chamberlain

Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain, KG (16 October 1863 – 16 March 1937) was a British statesman, son of Joseph Chamberlain and half-brother of Neville Chamberlain.

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Axel Wenner-Gren

Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren (5 June 1881 – 24 November 1961) was a Swedish entrepreneur and one of the wealthiest men in the world during the 1930s.

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Şükrü Saracoğlu

Mehmet Şükrü Saracoğlu (17 June 1887, Ödemiş – 27 December 1953, Istanbul) was a Turkish politician, the fifth Prime Minister of Turkey and the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs during the early stages of World War II.

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Škoda Works

The Škoda Works (Škodovy závody) was one of the largest European industrial conglomerates of the 20th century, founded by Czech engineer Emil Škoda in 1859 in Plzeň, then in the Kingdom of Bohemia, Austrian Empire.

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Balkans

The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.

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Baron

Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary.

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Battle of Singapore

The Battle of Singapore, also known as the Fall of Singapore, was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the British stronghold of Singapore—nicknamed the "Gibraltar of the East".

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Bavaria

Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.

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Belgrade

Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Berghof (residence)

The Berghof was Adolf Hitler's home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Bernhard von Bülow

Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bülow (3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929), created Prince von Bülow in 1905, was a German statesman who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for three years and then as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909.

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Birger Dahlerus

Johan Birger Essen Dahlerus (6 February 1891–8 March 1957, Stockholm) was a Swedish businessman, amateur diplomat and friend of Hermann Göring.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Bratislava

Bratislava (Preßburg or Pressburg, Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia.

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Brenner Pass

Brenner Pass (Brennerpass; Passo del Brennero) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.

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Burton C. Andrus

Colonel Burton C. Andrus (April 15, 1892 – February 1, 1977) was a career U.S. Army Officer who served from 1917 through 1952.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

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Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime.

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Carpathian Ruthenia

Carpathian Ruthenia, Carpatho-Ukraine or Zakarpattia (Rusyn and Карпатська Русь, Karpats'ka Rus' or Закарпаття, Zakarpattja; Slovak and Podkarpatská Rus; Kárpátalja; Transcarpatia; Zakarpacie; Karpatenukraine) is a historic region in the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast, with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia (largely in Prešov Region and Košice Region) and Poland's Lemkovyna.

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Carpatho-Ukraine

Carpatho-Ukraine (Карпа́тська Украї́на, Karpats’ka Ukrayina) was an autonomous region within Czechoslovakia from late 1938 to March 15, 1939.

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Case Blue

Case Blue (Fall Blau), later named Operation Braunschweig, was the German Armed Forces' (Wehrmacht) name for its plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II.

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Cashiering

Cashiering (or degradation ceremony), generally within military forces, is a ritual dismissal of an individual from some position of responsibility for a breach of discipline.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Cécil von Renthe-Fink

Cécil Karl-August Timon Ernst Anton von Renthe-Fink (1885–1964) was a German diplomat.

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Chancellor of Germany

The title Chancellor has designated different offices in the history of Germany.

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Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, (13 May 1878 – 10 February 1949), styled Lord Stewart until 1884 and Viscount Castlereagh between 1884 and 1915, was a British peer known for his political career in Britain.

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Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan.

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Christopher Browning

Christopher Robert Browning (born May 22, 1944) is an American historian, known best for his works on the Holocaust.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Court of St James's

The Court of St James's is the royal court for the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.

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Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Dahlem (Berlin)

Dahlem is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin.

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Daily Express

The Daily Express is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Demeter Bitenc

Demeter Bitenc (21 July 1922 – 22 April 2018) was a Slovenian film actor.

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Der Spiegel

Der Spiegel (lit. "The Mirror") is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Deutschlandlied

The "italic" (English: "Song of Germany",; also known as "italic", or "The Song of the Germans"), or part of it, has been the national anthem of Germany since 1922, except in East Germany, whose anthem was "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" ("Risen from Ruins") from 1949 to 1990.

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Diego von Bergen

Dr.

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Disarmament

Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons.

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Duff Cooper

Alfred Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich, (22 February 1890 – 1 January 1954), known as Duff Cooper, was a British Conservative Party politician, diplomat and author.

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Durham Cathedral

The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, commonly known as Durham Cathedral and home of the Shrine of St Cuthbert, is a cathedral in the city of Durham, United Kingdom, the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Durham.

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Eastern Front (World War I)

The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.

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Edmund Veesenmayer

Edmund Veesenmayer (12 November 1904 in Bad Kissingen – 24 December 1977 in Darmstadt) was a German politician, officer (SS-Brigadeführer) and war criminal.

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Eduard Hempel

Eduard Hempel (6 June 1887, Pirna – 12 November 1972, Gundelfingen) was a German diplomat.

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Edward Baker-Duly

Edward Baker-Duly is a British actor who currently lives in New York City, New York.

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Edward VIII

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor.

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Edward VIII abdication crisis

In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing the divorce of her second.

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Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, (16 April 1881 – 23 December 1959), styled Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was one of the most senior British Conservative politicians of the 1930s.

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Embassy of Germany, London

The Embassy of Germany in London is the diplomatic mission of Germany in the United Kingdom.

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Emil Hácha

Emil Dominik Josef Hácha (12 July 1872 – 27 June 1945) was a Czech lawyer, the third President of Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1939.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Eric Phipps

Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps (27 October 1875 – 13 August 1945) was a British diplomat.

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Ernst von Weizsäcker

Ernst Heinrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker (25 May 1882 – 4 August 1951) was a German naval officer, diplomat and politician.

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Ernst Wilhelm Bohle

Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (28 July 1903 – 9 November 1960) was the leader of the Foreign Organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) from 1933 until 1945.

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Eugen Ott (ambassador)

Eugen Ott (8 April 1889 – 22 January 1977) was the German ambassador to Japan during the early years of World War II, he is notable for having been deceived and compromised by Soviet spy Richard Sorge.

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Eurasia

Eurasia is a combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia.

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European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry

The European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry from 1937 to 1940 was based on Neville Chamberlain's commitment to "peace for our time", pursuing a policy of appeasement and containment towards Nazi Germany while increasing the strength of Britain's armed forces, until in September 1939 he delivered an ultimatum over the invasion of Poland followed by a declaration of war against Germany.

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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany built extermination camps (also called death camps or killing centers) during the Holocaust in World War II, to systematically kill millions of Jews, Slavs, Communists, and others whom the Nazis considered "Untermenschen" ("subhumans").

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Fall Weiss (1939)

Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling Fall Weiß) was the Nazi strategic plan for the invasion of Poland.

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Führer

Führer (These are also cognates of the Latin peritus ("experienced"), Sanskrit piparti "brings over" and the Greek poros "passage, way".-->, spelled Fuehrer when the umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide".

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Felix Gilbert

Felix Gilbert (May 21, 1905 – February 14, 1991) was a German-born American historian of early modern and modern Europe.

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Fernand de Brinon

Fernand de Brinon, Marquis de Brinon (26 August 1885 – 15 April 1947) was a French lawyer and journalist who was one of the architects of French collaboration with the Nazis during World War II.

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Field marshal

Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.

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Final Solution

The Final Solution (Endlösung) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (die Endlösung der Judenfrage) was a Nazi plan for the extermination of the Jews during World War II.

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France–Germany relations

The relations between France and Germany, since 1871, according to Ulrich Krotz, has three grand periods: 'hereditary enmity' (down to 1945), 'reconciliation' (1945–63) and since 1963 the 'special relationship' embodied in a cooperation called Franco-German Friendship (Amitié franco-allemande; Deutsch-Französische Freundschaft).

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Francophile

A Francophile (Gallophile) is a person who has a strong affinity towards any or all of the French language, French history, French culture or French people.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Franz von Papen

Franz von Papen (29 October 18792 May 1969) was a German nobleman, General Staff officer and politician.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Friedrich von Keller (diplomat)

August Friedrich Wilhelm Keller, from 1906 Friedrich von Keller, (7 November 1873 in Munich – 8 May 1960 in Tutzing) was a German diplomat.

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Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg

Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg (20 November 1875 – 10 November 1944) was a German diplomat who served as the last German ambassador to the Soviet Union before Operation Barbarossa, the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941.

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Fritz Grobba

Fritz Konrad Ferdinand Grobba (18 July 1886 – 2 September 1973) was a German diplomat during the interwar period and World War II.

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Galeazzo Ciano

Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (18 March 1903 – 11 January 1944) was Foreign Minister of Fascist Italy from 1936 until 1943 and Benito Mussolini's son-in-law.

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Geoffrey Toone

Geoffrey Toone (15 November 1910 – 1 June 2005) was an English character actor and former matinee idol, born in Ireland.

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George Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist, and political activist.

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George VI

George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952.

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Georges Bonnet

Georges-Étienne Bonnet (22/23 July 1889 – 18 June 1973) was a French politician and leading figure in the Radical Party.

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Gerhard Weinberg

Gerhard Ludwig Weinberg (born 1 January 1928) is a German-born American diplomatic and military historian noted for his studies in the history of World War II.

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German Army (German Empire)

The Imperial German Army (Deutsches Heer) was the name given to the combined land and air forces of the German Empire (excluding the Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation formations of the Imperial German Navy).

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German Army (Wehrmacht)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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German–Soviet Axis talks

In October and November 1940, German–Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II.

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Germany and the Second World War

Germany and the Second World War (Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg) is a 12,000-page, 13-volume work published by the Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt (DVA), that has taken academics from the military history centre of the German armed forces 30 years to finish.

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Germany–United Kingdom relations

Germany–United Kingdom relations, or Anglo–German relations, are the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Germany.

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Gleichschaltung

Gleichschaltung, or in English co-ordination, was in Nazi terminology the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society, "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".

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Gleiwitz incident

The Gleiwitz incident (Überfall auf den Sender Gleiwitz) was a covert Nazi German attack on the German radio station Sender Gleiwitz on the night of 31 August 1939 (today Gliwice, Poland), widely regarded as a deceitful false flag operation staged along with some two dozen similar German incidents on the eve of the invasion of Poland leading up to World War II in Europe.

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Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken

"Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken", also called "Zion, or the City of God", is an 18th-century English hymn written by John Newton, who also wrote the hymn "Amazing Grace".

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Glossary of Nazi Germany

This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime.

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Gomer Berry, 1st Viscount Kemsley

James Gomer Berry, 1st Viscount Kemsley, GBE (7 May 1883 – 6 February 1968) was a Welsh colliery owner and newspaper publisher.

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Gordon A. Craig

Gordon Alexander Craig (November 13, 1913 – October 30, 2005) was a Scottish-American historian of German history and of diplomatic history.

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Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère.

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Gustav Stresemann

(10 May 1878 – 3 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor in 1923 (for a brief period of 102 days) and Foreign Minister 1923–1929, during the Weimar Republic.

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Gustave Gilbert

Gustave Mark Gilbert (September 30, 1911 – February 6, 1977) was an American psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high-ranking Nazi leaders during the Nuremberg trials.

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Gustave Mesny

Gustave Marie Maurice Mesny (28 March 1886 – 19 January 1945) was a French Army general in command of the 5th North African Infantry Division who was captured during the Second World War.

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Hanging

Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.

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Hanns Ludin

Hanns Elard Ludin (10 June 1905, in Freiburg – 9 December 1947, in Bratislava) was a German diplomat.

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Hans Kroll

Hans Kroll (May 18, 1898 in Deutsch-Piekar, Prussian Province of Silesia, Imperial Germany, modern: Piekary Śląskie, Poland – August 8, 1967 in Starnberg, West Germany) was a German career diplomat and after World War II ambassador in Belgrade, Tokyo and Moscow where he played a prominent role between 1958 and 1962.

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Hans Luther

Hans Luther (10 March 1879 – 11 May 1962) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany for 482 days in 1925 to 1926.

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Hans Thomsen

Hans Thomsen (14 September 1891 – 31 October 1968) was a German diplomat in the United States.

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Hans-Adolf von Moltke

Hans-Adolf Helmuth Ludwig Erdmann Waldemar von Moltke (November 29, 1884 in Oppeln - March 22, 1943 in Madrid) was land owner in Silesia and German Ambassador in Poland during the Weimar Republic and under Hitler up to the fall of Poland.

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Hans-Heinrich Dieckhoff

Hans-Heinrich Dieckhoff (23 December 1884 – 21 March 1952) was a German diplomat best known for his service to the Nazi regime.

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Havas

Havas SA is a French multinational advertising and public relations company, headquartered in Paris, France.

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Heinrich Georg Stahmer

Heinrich Georg Stahmer (3 May 1892 in Hamburg, Germany – 13 June 1978 in Vaduz, Liechtenstein) was a German diplomat and economist by training who was in charge of German–Japanese relations at the German Foreign Ministry.

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Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany.

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Helmut Krausnick

Helmut Krausnick (1905–1990) was a German historian and author.

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Henry Ashby Turner

Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. (April 4, 1932 – December 17, 2008) was an American historian of Germany who was a professor at Yale University for over forty years.

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Henry Daniell

Charles Henry Daniell (5 March 1894 – 31 October 1963) was an English actor who had a long and prestigious career on stage as well as in films.

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Henryk Borowski

Henryk Borowski (14 February 1910 in Płock - 13 November 1991 in Warsaw) was a Polish theater, radio and film actor.

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Herbert von Dirksen

Eduard Willy Kurt Herbert von Dirksen (2 April 1882 – 19 December 1955) was a German diplomat who is best remembered as the last German Ambassador to Britain before World War II.

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Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.

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Hiroshi Ōshima

Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese ambassador to Germany before and during World War II — and unwittingly a major source of communications intelligence for the Allies.

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Hitler Cabinet

The Hitler Cabinet de jure formed the government of Nazi Germany between 30 January 1933 and 30 April 1945 upon the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of the German Reich by president Paul von Hindenburg.

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Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth (German:, often abbreviated as HJ in German) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany.

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Hoboken, New Jersey

Hoboken (Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.

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Holger Handtke

Holger Handtke (born 1968) is a German television actor.

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Holland America Line

Holland America Line is a British/ American owned cruise line; a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc.

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Hotel Adlon

The Hotel Adlon Kempinski Berlin is a luxury hotel in Berlin, Germany. It is located on Unter den Linden, the main boulevard in the central Mitte district, at the corner with Pariser Platz, directly opposite the Brandenburg Gate and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. The legendary original Hotel Adlon was one of the most famous hotels in Europe. It opened in 1907 and was largely destroyed in 1945 in the closing days of World War II, though a small wing continued operating until 1984. The current hotel, which opened on August 23, 1997, is a new building with a design inspired by the original.

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Hotel Lux (film)

Hotel Lux is a 2011 German period film directed by Leander Haußmann.

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Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen

Sir Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen KCMG (26 March 1886 – 21 March 1971) was a British diplomat, civil servant and author.

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Hussar

A hussar was a member of a class of light cavalry, originating in Eastern and Central Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries, originally Hungarian.

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Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; Stato Indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II fascist puppet state of Germany and Italy.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Iron Cross

The Iron Cross (abbreviated EK) is a former military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945).

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de fier) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II.

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Isar

The Isar is a river in Tyrol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany.

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Istanbul

Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.

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Italian Social Republic

The Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana,; RSI), informally known as the Republic of Salò (Repubblica di Salò), was a German puppet state with limited recognition that was created during the later part of World War II, existing from the beginning of German occupation of Italy in September 1943 until the surrender of German troops in Italy in May 1945.

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Józef Beck

Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski.

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Józef Lipski

Józef Lipski (5 June 1894 – 1 November 1958) was a Polish diplomat and Ambassador to Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1939.

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Joachim Fest

Joachim Clemens Fest (8 December 1926 – 11 September 2006) was a German historian, journalist, critic, and editor best known for his writings and public commentary on Nazi Germany, including an important biography of Adolf Hitler and books about Albert Speer and the German Resistance to Nazism.

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John C. Woods

John Clarence Woods (June 5, 1911 – July 21, 1950) was a United States Army master sergeant who, with Joseph Malta, carried out the Nuremberg executions of ten former top leaders of the Third Reich on October 16, 1946, after they were sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Trials.

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John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon

John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, (28 February 1873 – 11 January 1954) was a British politician who held senior Cabinet posts from the beginning of the First World War to the end of the Second.

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John Weitz

Hans Werner "John" Weitz (May 25, 1923 – October 3, 2002) was a successful menswear designer who innovated the use of licensing products and selling affordable but stylish clothing that featured his image in the advertising.

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John Woodvine

John Woodvine (born 21 July 1929) is an English actor who has appeared in more than 70 theatre productions, as well as a similar number of television and film roles.

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Joseph Goebbels

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Jozef Tiso

Jozef Tiso (13 October 1887 –18 April 1947) was a Slovak politician and Roman Catholic priest who governed the Slovak Republic from 1939 to 1945, a satellite state of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Juozas Urbšys

Juozas Urbšys (February 29, 1896 – April 30, 1991) was a prominent interwar Lithuanian diplomat, the last head of foreign affairs in independent interwar Lithuania, and a translator.

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Kaunas

Kaunas (also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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Klaipėda Region

The Klaipėda Region (Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (Memelland or Memelgebiet) was defined by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and refers to the most northern part of the German province of East Prussia, when as Memelland it was put under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors.

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Klaus Hildebrand

Klaus Hildebrand (born 18 November 1941, Bielefeld, Germany) is a German liberal-conservative historian whose area of expertise is 19th–20th-century German political and military history.

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Konstantin von Neurath

Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 – 14 August 1956) was a German diplomat remembered mostly for having served as Foreign minister of Germany between 1932 and 1938.

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Kosti Klemelä

Kosti Klemelä (29 February 1920 – 26 March 2006) was a Finnish actor.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China (KMT; often translated as the Nationalist Party of China) is a major political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.

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Kurt von Schleicher

Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (7 April 1882 – 30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic.

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Latvia

Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Laurence Rees

Laurence Rees (born 1957) is a British historian.

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Le Matin (France)

Le Matin was a French daily newspaper first published in 1884 and discontinued in 1944.

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League of Nations

The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

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Lebensraum

The German concept of Lebensraum ("living space") comprises policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s.

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Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom

The Legionnaires' rebellion and the Bucharest pogrom occurred in Bucharest, Romania, between 21–23 January 1941.

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Leipzig Trade Fair

The Leipzig Trade Fair (Leipziger Messe) is a major trade fair, which traces its roots back for nearly a millennium.

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Leland B. Morris

Leland Burnette Morris (1886-1950) was an American diplomat.

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Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg

Leo Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II, noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare.

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Leopold von Hoesch

Leopold von Hoesch (10 June 1881 – 10 April 1936) was a career German diplomat.

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List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Germany

The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Germany is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Federal Republic of Germany, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Germany.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (R)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich during World War II.

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List of Nazi Party leaders and officials

This is a list of Nazi Party (NSDAP) leaders and officials.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Lord Privy Seal

The Lord Privy Seal (or, more formally, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and above the Lord Great Chamberlain.

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Louis Barthou

Jean Louis Barthou (25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913.

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Louis Leo Snyder

Louis Leo Snyder (4 July 1907 – 25 November 1993) was an American scholar, who witnessed first hand the Nazi mass rallies held from 1923 on in Germany; and wrote about them from New York in his Hitlerism: The Iron Fist in Germany published in 1932 under the pseudonym Nordicus.

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Madagascar

Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.

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Madagascar Plan

The Madagascar Plan was a proposal by the Nazi German government to relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Manfred Freiherr von Killinger

Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (14 July 1886 – 2 September 1944) was a German naval officer, Freikorps leader, military writer and Nazi politician.

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Manfred Messerschmidt

Manfred Messerschmidt (born 1926) is a German historian who specialises in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II.

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Mare Nostrum

Mare Nostrum (mare nostrvm, "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea.

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Martin Luther (diplomat)

Martin Franz Julius Luther (16 December 1895 – 13 May 1945) was an early member of the Nazi Party.

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Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) is a 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.

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Merchant Ivory Productions

Merchant Ivory Productions is a film company founded in 1961 by producer Ismail Merchant (d. 2005) and director James Ivory.

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Metz

Metz (Lorraine Franconian pronunciation) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.

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Mihail Manoilescu

Mihail Manoilescu (December 9, 1891 – December 30, 1950) was a Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist, who served as Foreign Minister of Romania during the summer of 1940.

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Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by Miklós Horthy ("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".;; English: Nicholas Horthy; Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 18689 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman, who became the Regent of Hungary.

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Military budget

A military budget (or military expenditure), also known as a defense budget, is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defense purposes.

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Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)

The Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs (Bundesminister des Auswärtigen) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany.

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Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the ministry in the government of France that handles France's foreign relations.

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Minto Skating Club

The Minto Skating Club is a competitive figure skating club in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, founded in 1904.

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Mission to Moscow

Mission to Moscow is a 1943 film directed by Michael Curtiz, based on the 1941 book by the former U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, Joseph E. Davies.

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Mobilization

Mobilization, in military terminology, is the act of assembling and readying troops and supplies for war.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was an August 23, 1939, agreement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany colloquially named after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.

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Molson Bank

The Molson Bank (sometimes labeled Molsons Bank) was a Canadian bank founded in Montreal, Quebec, by brothers William (1793–1875) and John Molson, Jr. (1787–1860), the sons of brewery magnate John Molson.

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Moncton

Moncton is the largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

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Montreal

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.

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Munich

Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.

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Mussolini and I

Mussolini and I is a 1985 TV docu-drama, directed by Alberto Negrin, about the strained relationship between Italy's fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and his son-in-law and foreign minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, based on Ciano's diaries.

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Mussolini: The Untold Story

Mussolini: The Untold Story is a television biographical miniseries drama that aired in November 1985.

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.

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National Transcontinental Railway

The National Transcontinental Railway (NTR) was a historic railway between Winnipeg and Moncton in Canada.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazi Party

The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Nazi salute

The Nazi salute, or Hitler salute (Hitler Greeting), is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany.

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Nevile Henderson

Sir Nevile Meyrick Henderson GCMG (10 June 1882 – 30 December 1942) was a British diplomat and Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany from 1937 to 1939.

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Neville Chamberlain

Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nobiliary particle

A nobiliary particle is used in a surname or family name in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family.

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Non-aggression pact

A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a national treaty between two or more states/countries where the signatories promise not to engage in military action against each other.

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NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs

The NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs (German: Außenpolitisches Amt der NSDAP, A.P.A. or APA) was a Nazi Party organization.

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NSDAP/AO

The NSDAP/AO was the foreign organization branch of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP).

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Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg) is a city on the river Pegnitz and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich.

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Nuremberg (2000 film)

Nuremberg is a 2000 Canadian/United States television docudrama, based on the book Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial by Joseph E. Persico, that tells the story of the Nuremberg trials.

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Nuremberg trials

The Nuremberg trials (Die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II.

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Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial

Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial, is a BBC documentary film series consisting of three one-hour films that re-enact the Nuremberg War Trials of Albert Speer, Hermann Göring, and Rudolf Hess.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Operation Retribution (1941)

Operation Retribution (Unternehmen Strafgericht), also known as Operation Punishment, was the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade, the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in retaliation for the coup d'état that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact.

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Operation Torch

Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942, formerly Operation Gymnast) was a Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during the North African Campaign of the Second World War.

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Operation Willi

Operation Willi was the German code name for the unsuccessful attempt by the SS to kidnap Edward, Duke of Windsor in July 1940 and induce him to work with German dictator Adolf Hitler for either a peace settlement with Britain, or a restoration to the throne after the German conquest of Great Britain.

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Oskar von Hindenburg

Oskar Wilhelm Robert Paul Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (31 January 1883 – 12 February 1960) was a German Generalleutnant.

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Ostfriedhof (Munich)

The Ostfriedhof ("East(ern) Cemetery") in Munich, situated in the district of Obergiesing, was established in 1821 and is still in use.

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Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

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Otto Abetz

Heinrich Otto Abetz (26 March 1903 – 5 May 1958) was the German ambassador to Vichy France during the Nazi era and a convicted war criminal.

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Otto Meissner

Otto Lebrecht Eduard Daniel Meissner (13 March 1880, Bischwiller, Alsace – 27 May 1953, Munich) was head of the Office of the President of Germany during the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, at the beginning of the Nazi government under Adolf Hitler.

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Pact of Steel

The Pact of Steel (Stahlpakt, Patto d'Acciaio), known formally as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, was a military and political alliance between the Kingdom of Italy and Nazi Germany.

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Paul Schmidt (interpreter)

Paul-Otto Schmidt (23 June 1899 - 21 April 1970) was an interpreter in the German foreign ministry from 1923-1945.

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Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, known generally as Paul von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a Generalfeldmarschall and statesman who commanded the German military during the second half of World War I before later being elected President of the Weimar republic in 1925.

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Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian

Philip Henry Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, (18 April 1882 – 12 December 1940), known as Philip Kerr until 1930, was a British politician, diplomat and newspaper editor.

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Phoney War

The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II, during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district.

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Pierre Laval

Pierre Jean-Marie Laval (28 June 1883 – 15 October 1945) was a French politician.

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Polish Corridor

The Polish Corridor (Polnischer Korridor; Pomorze, Korytarz polski), also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East Prussia.

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Power politics

Power politics (or, in German, Machtpolitik) is a form of international relations in which sovereign entities protect their own interests by threatening one another with military, economic or political aggression.

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Prague

Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.

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Preventive war

A preventive war is a war or military action initiated to prevent another party from acquiring a capability for attacking.

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Prince Paul of Yugoslavia

Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, also known as Paul Karađorđević (Pavle Karađorđević, Павле Карађорђевић, English transliteration: Paul Karageorgevich; 27 April 1893 – 14 September 1976), was regent of Yugoslavia during the minority of King Peter II.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state.

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Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren; Protektorát Čechy a Morava) was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939.

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Punch (magazine)

Punch; or, The London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells.

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Puppet state

A puppet state is a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.

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Quebec Bridge

The Quebec Bridge (Pont de Québec in French) is a road, rail and pedestrian bridge across the lower Saint Lawrence River between Sainte-Foy (since 2002 a western suburb of Quebec City) and Lévis, Quebec, Canada.

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Raffaele Guariglia

Raffaele Guariglia, Barone di Vituso (Naples, 19 February 1889 – Rome, 25 April 1970) was an Italian diplomat.

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Rainer Zitelmann

Rainer Zitelmann (born 14 June 1957 in Frankfurt) is a German historian, author, management consultant and real estate expert.

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Ramón Serrano Suñer

Ramón Serrano Suñer (12 September 1901 – 1 September 2003), was a Spanish politician during the first stages of General Francisco Franco's Spanish State, between 1938 and 1942, when he held the posts of President of the Spanish Falange caucus (1936), and then Interior Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister.

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Reich Chancellery

The Reich Chancellery (Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945.

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René Massigli

René Massigli (22 March 1888 – 3 February 1988) was a French diplomat who played a leading role as a senior official at the Quai d'Orsay.

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Rhine Province

The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz), also known as Rhenish Prussia (Rheinpreußen) or synonymous with the Rhineland (Rheinland), was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946.

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Richard Kane

Brigadier General Richard Kane (1662–1736) was an Irish soldier who served in the British Army.

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Richard Overy

Richard James Overy (born 23 December 1947) is a British historian who has published extensively on the history of World War II and Nazi Germany.

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Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood

Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, (14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923,As the younger son of a Marquess, Cecil held the courtesy title of "Lord".

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Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury

Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, (27 August 1893 – 23 February 1972), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1903 to 1947, was a British Conservative politician.

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Robert Hardy

Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy, CBE, FSA (29 October 1925 – 3 August 2017) was an English actor who had a long career in the theatre, film and television.

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Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart

Robert Gilbert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart (25 June 1881 – 14 February 1957), known as Sir Robert Vansittart between 1929 and 1941, was a senior British diplomat in the period before and during the Second World War.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Ronald Smelser

Ronald Smelser (born 1942) is an American historian, author, and former professor of history at the University of Utah.

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Rotterdam

Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, in South Holland within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Rudolf Buttmann

Rudolf Buttmann (4 July 1885, in Marktbreit, Bavaria – 25 January 1947) was a German politician and diplomat.

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Saburō Kurusu

was a Japanese career diplomat.

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Sachsenhausen concentration camp

Sachsenhausen ("Saxon's Houses") or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May 1945.

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Salzburg

Salzburg, literally "salt fortress", is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of Salzburg state.

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Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood

Samuel John Gurney Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood, (24 February 1880 – 7 May 1959), more commonly known as Sir Samuel Hoare, was a senior British Conservative politician who served in various Cabinet posts in the Conservative and National governments of the 1920s and 1930s.

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Satellite state

The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

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Schloss Fuschl

Schloss Fuschl is a castle in the gemeinde of Hof bei Salzburg, in the Land Salzburg in western Austria.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes;; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Second Vienna Award

The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Sicherheitsdienst

Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service), full title Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers-SS (Security Service of the Reichsführer-SS), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany.

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Siegfried Kasche

Siegfried Kasche (18 June 1903 – 7 June 1947) was an ambassador of the German Reich to the Independent State of Croatia and Obergruppenführer of the Sturmabteilung (SA), a paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.

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Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941)

Cooperation between China and Germany was instrumental in modernizing the industry and the armed forces of the Republic of China between 1926 and 1941.

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Slavko Kvaternik

Slavko Kvaternik (25 August 1878 – 7 June 1947) was a Croatian politician who, alongside Ante Pavelić, founded the Croatian nationalist movement known as the Ustaše and a direct perpetrator of the Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia.

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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten

The Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten ("Steel Helmet, League of Front Soldiers", also known in short form as Der Stahlhelm) was one of the many paramilitary organizations that arose after the German defeat of World War I. It was part of the "Black Reichswehr" and in the late days of the Weimar Republic operated as the armed branch of the national conservative German National People's Party (DNVP), placed at party gatherings in the position of armed security guards (Saalschutz).

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Stanley Baldwin

Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who dominated the government in his country between the world wars.

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Stanley Street (Montreal)

Stanley Street (officially in rue Stanley) is a north-south street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Sturmabteilung

The Sturmabteilung (SA), literally Storm Detachment, functioned as the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Sudetenland

The Sudetenland (Czech and Sudety; Kraj Sudecki) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.

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Sumner Welles

Benjamin Sumner Welles (October 14, 1892 – September 24, 1961) was an American government official and diplomat in the Foreign Service.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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The Death of Adolf Hitler

The Death of Adolf Hitler is a 1973 British television studio drama, an episode of ITV's Sunday Night Theatre series.

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The Gathering Storm (1974 film)

The Gathering Storm is a 1974 British/American television biopic film, about Winston Churchill's life in the years just prior to, and at the start of, World War II, from 1936 to 1940.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.

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The Nazis: A Warning from History

The Nazis: A Warning from History is a 1997 BBC documentary film series that examines Adolf Hitler and the Nazis' rise to power, their zenith, their decline and fall, and the consequences of their reign.

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The Remains of the Day (film)

The Remains of the Day is a 1993 British-American drama film adapted from the Booker Prize-winning 1989 novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro.

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The Royal British Legion

The Royal British Legion (RBL), sometimes called The British Legion or The Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants.

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The Winds of War

The Winds of War is Herman Wouk's second book about World War II, the first being The Caine Mutiny (1951).

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Thomas Jones (civil servant)

Thomas Jones, CH (27 September 1870 – 15 October 1955) was a British civil servant and educationalist, once described as "one of the six most important men in Europe", and also as "the King of Wales" and "man of a thousand secrets".

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Trans-Siberian Railway

The Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR, p) is a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian Far East.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.

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Tripartite Pact

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish Straits

The Turkish Straits (Türk Boğazları) are a series of internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea.

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Ukrainian nationalism

Ukrainian nationalism refers to the Ukrainian version of nationalism.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР, УРСР; Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР, УССР; see "Name" section below), also known as the Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic. The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.

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Ulrich von Hassell

Christian August Ulrich von Hassell (12 November 1881 – 8 September 1944) was a German diplomat during World War II.

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Upstairs Downstairs (2010 TV series)

Upstairs Downstairs is a British drama series, broadcast on BBC One from 2010 to 2012 and co-produced by BBC Wales and Masterpiece.

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Ustashe

The Ustasha – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret), commonly known as Ustashe (Ustaše), was a Croatian fascist, racist, ultranationalist and terrorist organization, active, in its original form, between 1929 and 1945.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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Vladimir Dekanozov

Vladimir Georgievich Dekanozov (Dekanozishvili) (Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Декано́зов (Деканозишви́ли)) (June 1898 – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet senior state security operative and diplomat.

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Volte-face

Volte-face is a total change of position, as in policy or opinion; an about-face.

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Von

Von is a term used in German language surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality or as a simple preposition that approximately means of or from in the case of commoners.

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Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.

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Walther Hewel

Walther Hewel (2 January 1904 – 2 May 1945) was a German diplomat before and during World War II, an early and active member of the Nazi Party, and one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's few personal friends.

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Wandering Jew

The Wandering Jew is a mythical immortal man whose legend began to spread in Europe in the 13th century.

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Wang Jingwei

Wang Jingwei (Wang Ching-wei; 4 May 1883 – 10 November 1944); born as Wang Zhaoming (Wang Chao-ming), but widely known by his pen name "Jingwei", was a Chinese politician.

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Wang Jingwei regime

The Wang Jingwei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (p), a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, located in eastern China.

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Wannsee Conference

The Wannsee Conference (Wannseekonferenz) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942.

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Warsaw

Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.

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Werner von Blomberg

Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (2 September 1878 – 14 March 1946) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'', Minister of War, and Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces until January 1938, as he was forced to resign due to his marriage with a former prostitute.

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Wesel

Wesel is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.

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White supremacy

White supremacy or white supremacism is a racist ideology based upon the belief that white people are superior in many ways to people of other races and that therefore white people should be dominant over other races.

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Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple

Colonel Wilfrid William Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple, PC (13 September 1867 – 3 July 1939), was a British soldier and Conservative politician.

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Wilhelm Deist

Wilhelm Deist (1931–2003) was a German historian and author who specialised in the European history of 19th and 20th with an emphasis on the history of World War I. Deist was senior historian at the Military History Research Office (MGFA) and honorary professor at the University of Freiburg.

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Wilhelm Frick

Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a prominent German politician of the NSDAP, who served as Reich Minister of the Interior in the Hitler Cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

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Wilhelm II, German Emperor

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

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William C. Kirby

William C. Kirby (born 1950) is T. M. Chang Professor of China Studies and Spangler Family Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University.

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Winnipeg

Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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Wolf Kahler

Wolf Kahler (born 3 April 1940) is a German actor.

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Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff

Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff (14 October 1896 – 15 August 1944) was a German police official and politician, who served as a Member of the Prussian Parliament during the Weimar Republic, as a Member of the German Parliament for the Nazi Party from 1933 and as president of police in Potsdam and Berlin.

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Wolfgang Mommsen

Wolfgang Justin Mommsen (November 5, 1930 – August 11, 2004) was a German historian.

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Wolfram Wette

Wolfram Wette (born 11 November 1940) is a German military historian and peace researcher.

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World Disarmament Conference

The Conference for the Reduction and Limitation of Armaments of 1932–1934 (sometimes World Disarmament Conference or Geneva Disarmament Conference) was an effort by member states of the League of Nations, together with the U.S., to actualize the ideology of disarmament.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yōsuke Matsuoka

was a Japanese diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Empire of Japan during the early stages of World War II.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.

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Yvon Delbos

Yvon Delbos (7 May 1885 – 15 November 1956) was a French Radical-Socialist Party politician and minister.

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Zweites Buch

The Zweites Buch ("Second Book"), unofficially published in English as Hitler's Secret Book and then officially Hitler's Second Book, is an unedited transcript of Adolf Hitler's thoughts on foreign policy written in 1928; it was written after Mein Kampf and was not published in his lifetime.

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1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania

1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral ultimatum presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania, by Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, on 20 March 1939.

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20 July plot

On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia.

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5th Special Air Service

The 5th Special Air Service or 5th SAS was an elite airborne unit during World War II, consisting entirely of Belgian volunteers.

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Redirects here:

Joachim Ribbentrop, Joachim Von Ribbentrop, Joachim Von Ribbontrop, Ribbentrop, Ribbentrop, Joachim von, Rippentrop, Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim Ribbentrop, Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop, Von Rippentrop, Von ribbentrop.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop

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