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471 relations: AAC Middle Wallop, Adlertag, Aerial ramming, Aerial reconnaissance, Air interdiction, Air supremacy, Airdrop, Alexander Löhr, Alexandrovskaya railway station, Alfred Keller, Alois Stoeckl, Anapa, Anti-aircraft warfare, Armavir, Russia, Armor-piercing shell, Army Group A, Army Group B, Army Group Centre, Army Group North, Army Group South, Arsenyev, Astrakhan, Attack aircraft, Aviation fuel, Avonmouth, Axis powers, Épinal, Évreux-Fauville Air Base, Łabunie, Żagań, Babruysk, Baherove, Ball bearing, Baltringen, Baranów Sandomierski, Barth, Germany, Bataysk, Battle of Belgium, Battle of Britain, Battle of Dunkirk, Battle of France, Battle of Kiev (1941), Battle of Kursk, Battle of Moscow, Battle of Rostov (1941), Battle of Sedan (1940), Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of the Beams, Battle of the Bzura, Battle of the Caucasus, ..., Battle of the Dnieper, Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, Battle of Uman, Battle of Voronezh (1942), Bavaria, Belgorod, Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation, Berdychiv, Birmingham, Birmingham Blitz, Black Sea, Black Sea Fleet, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, Bomber, Boulton Paul Defiant, Bournemouth, Bristol, Bristol Aeroplane Company, Bristol Beaufighter, Bristol Beaufort, Bristol Blenheim, Bristol Blitz, British Expeditionary Force (World War II), British Isles, Bryansk, Brzeg, Budapest, Busk, Ukraine, Butterfly Bomb, Bydgoszcz, Cardiff, Carpet bombing, Case Blue, Caucasus, Chapayev-class cruiser, Charleroi, Charleville-Mézières, Chartres, Châteaudun, Châteaudun Air Base, Châtres-sur-Cher, Cherkasy, Chernaya River, Close air support, Clydebank Blitz, Coventry Blitz, Crimea, Crimean Offensive, Czechoslovakia, Dęblin, Dedelstorf, Defence of the Reich, Devonport, Plymouth, Dijon, Direction finding, Dive bomber, Dnieper, Dnipro, Don River (Russia), Donbass, Donetsk, Dornier Do 17, Dornstadt, Dresden, Drohobych, Dubno, E. 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AAC Middle Wallop
AAC Middle Wallop is a British Army base near the Hampshire village of Middle Wallop.
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Adlertag
Adlertag ("Eagle Day") was the first day of Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operation Eagle Attack"), which was the codename of a military operation by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe (German air force) to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF).
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Aerial ramming
Aerial ramming or air ramming is the ramming of one aircraft with another.
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Aerial reconnaissance
Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance for a military or strategic purpose that is conducted using reconnaissance aircraft.
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Air interdiction
Air interdiction (AI), also known as deep air support (DAS), is the use of preventive aircraft attacks against enemy targets, that are not an immediate threat, in order to delay, disrupt, or hinder later enemy engagement of friendly forces.
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Air supremacy
Air supremacy is a position in war where a side holds complete control of air warfare and air power over opposing forces.
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Airdrop
An airdrop is a type of airlift, developed during World War II to resupply otherwise inaccessible troops, who themselves may have been airborne forces.
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Alexander Löhr
Alexander Löhr (20 May 1885 – 26 February 1947) was an Austrian Air Force commander during the 1930s and, after the annexation of Austria, he was a Luftwaffe commander.
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Alexandrovskaya railway station
Alexandrovskaya (Алекса́ндровская) is a railway station near Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Alfred Keller
Alfred Keller (19 September 1882 – 11 February 1974) was a general in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during the Second World War who commanded the Luftflotte 1.
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Alois Stoeckl
Alois Stoeckl (also referred to as Alois Stöckl; 22 August 1895 – 14 August 1940) was a German pilot during World War II who commanded the 55th Bomber Wing of the Luftwaffe.
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Anapa
Anapa (Ана́па) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov.
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Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).
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Armavir, Russia
Armavir (Армави́р) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuban River.
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Armor-piercing shell
An armor-piercing shell, AP for short, is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate armor.
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Army Group A
Army Group A (Heeresgruppe A) was the name of several German Army Groups during World War II.
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Army Group B
Army Group B (German: Heeresgruppe B) was the title of three German Army Groups that saw action during World War II.
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Army Group Centre
Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct German strategic army groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.
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Army Group North
Army Group North (Heeresgruppe Nord) was a German strategic echelon formation, commanding a grouping of field armies during World War II.
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Army Group South
Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of two German Army Groups during World War II.
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Arsenyev
Arsenyev (Арсе́ньев) is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located about northeast of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai.
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Astrakhan
Astrakhan (p) is a city in southern Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast.
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Attack aircraft
An attack aircraft, strike aircraft, or attack bomber, is a tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying out airstrikes with greater precision than bombers, and is prepared to encounter strong low-level air defenses while pressing the attack.
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Aviation fuel
Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft.
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Avonmouth
Avonmouth is a port and outer suburb of Bristol, England facing two rivers: the reinforced north bank of the final stage of the Avon which rises at sources in Wiltshire, Gloucestershire and Somerset; and the eastern shore of the Severn Estuary.
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Axis powers
The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.
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Épinal
Épinal is a commune in northeastern France and the capital (prefecture) of the Vosges department.
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Évreux-Fauville Air Base
Évreux-Fauville Air Base (Base aérienne 105 Évreux or BA 105) is a French Air Force base located about 2 miles (3 km) east of the town of Évreux in the Eure département, on the north side of the Route nationale 13 (N13) Highway.
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Łabunie
Łabunie is a village in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
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Żagań
Żagań (French and Sagan, Zahań, Zaháň, Saganum) is a town on the Bóbr river in western Poland, with 26,253 inhabitants (2010).
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Babruysk
Babruysk, Babrujsk, or Bobruisk (Бабру́йск, Łacinka: Babrujsk, Бобру́йск, Bobrujsk, באברויסק) is a city in the Mogilev Region of eastern Belarus on the Berezina river.
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Baherove
Baherove (Bagerovo, Багерово, Багерове) is an urban-type settlement in Lenine Raion of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.
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Ball bearing
A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races.
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Baltringen
Baltringen is a once autonomous village in Baden-Württemberg in the region of Upper Swabia, situated approximately 17 km north of Biberach.
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Baranów Sandomierski
Baranów Sandomierski is a small town in southern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, Tarnobrzeg County on the Vistula River, with 1,440 inhabitants (02.06.2009).
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Barth, Germany
Barth is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
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Bataysk
Bataysk (Бата́йск) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Rostov-on-Don.
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Battle of Belgium
The Battle of Belgium or Belgian Campaign, often referred to within Belgium as the 18 Days' Campaign (Campagne des 18 jours, Achttiendaagse Veldtocht), formed part of the greater Battle of France, an offensive campaign by Germany during the Second World War.
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Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain (Luftschlacht um England, literally "The Air Battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.
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Battle of Dunkirk
The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War.
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Battle of France
The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.
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Battle of Kiev (1941)
The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II.
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Battle of Kursk
The Battle of Kursk was a Second World War engagement between German and Soviet forces on the Eastern Front near Kursk (south-west of Moscow) in the Soviet Union, during July and August 1943.
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Battle of Moscow
The Battle of Moscow (translit) was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II.
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Battle of Rostov (1941)
The Battle of Rostov (1941) was a battle of the Eastern Front of World War II, fought around Rostov-on-Don between the Army Group South of Nazi Germany and the Southern Front of the Soviet Union.
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Battle of Sedan (1940)
The Battle of Sedan or Second Battle of Sedan (12–15 May 1940)Frieser 2005, p. 196.
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Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia.
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Battle of the Beams
The Battle of the Beams was a period early in the Second World War when bombers of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) used a number of increasingly accurate systems of radio navigation for night bombing in the United Kingdom.
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Battle of the Bzura
The Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was the largestThe Second World War: An Illustrated History, Putnam, 1975,, battle of the 1939 German invasion of Poland, fought between 9 and 19 SeptemberSources vary regarding the end date, some giving 18 September while others 19 September.
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Battle of the Caucasus
The Battle of the Caucasus is a name given to a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus area on the Eastern Front of World War II.
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Battle of the Dnieper
The Battle of the Dnieper was a military campaign that took place in 1943 on the Eastern Front of World War II.
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Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, which commenced with the Soviet Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (Керченско-Феодосийская десантная операция, Kerchensko-Feodosiyskaya desantnaya operatsiya) and ended with the German Operation Bustard Hunt (Unternehmen Trappenjagd), was a World War II battle between Erich von Manstein's German and Romanian 11th Army and Soviet Crimean Front forces in the Kerch Peninsula, in the eastern part of the Crimea.
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Battle of Uman
The Battle of Uman (15 July – 8 August 1941) was the German and allied encirclement of the 6th and 12th Soviet Armies—under the command of Lieutenant General I. N. Muzyrchenko and Major General P. G. Ponedelin, respectively—south of the city of Uman during the initial offensive operations of German Army Group South, commanded by ''Generalfeldmarshall'' Gerd von Rundstedt, as part of Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern Front during World War II.
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Battle of Voronezh (1942)
The Battle of Voronezh, or First Battle of Voronezh, was a battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, fought in and around the strategically important city of Voronezh on the Don river, south of Moscow, from 28 June-24 July 1942, as opening move of the German summer offensive in 1942.
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Bavaria
Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.
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Belgorod
Belgorod (p) is a city and the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River north of the border with Ukraine.
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Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation
The Belgorod-Kharkov Strategic Offensive Operation, or simply Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation, was a Soviet strategic summer offensive that aimed to recapture Belgorod and Kharkov (now Kharkiv), and destroy the German forces of the 4th Panzer Army and Army Detachment Kempf.
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Berdychiv
Berdychiv (Бердичів, Polish: Berdyczów, Bardichev, Berdichev) is a historic city in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine.
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Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Birmingham Blitz
The Birmingham Blitz was the heavy bombing by the Nazi German Luftwaffe of the city of Birmingham and surrounding towns in central England, beginning on 9 August 1940 and ending on 23 April 1943.
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
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Black Sea Fleet
The Black Sea Fleet (Черноморский Флот, Chernomorsky Flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea.
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Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is a four-engine heavy bomber developed in the 1930s for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC).
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Bomber
A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), firing torpedoes and bullets or deploying air-launched cruise missiles.
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Boulton Paul Defiant
The Boulton Paul Defiant was a British interceptor aircraft that served with the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II.
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Bournemouth
Bournemouth is a large coastal resort town on the south coast of England to the east of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, long.
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Bristol
Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 456,000.
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Bristol Aeroplane Company
The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, was both one of the first and one of the most important British aviation companies, designing and manufacturing both airframes and aircraft engines.
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Bristol Beaufighter
The Bristol Type 156 Beaufighter (often referred to simply as the "Beau") is a multi-role aircraft developed during the Second World War by the Bristol Aeroplane Company in the United Kingdom.
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Bristol Beaufort
The Bristol Beaufort (manufacturer designation Type 152) was a British twin-engined torpedo bomber designed by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, and developed from experience gained designing and building the earlier Blenheim light bomber.
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Bristol Blenheim
The Bristol Blenheim is a British light bomber aircraft designed and built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company (Bristol) which was used extensively in the first two years and in some cases throughout the Second World War.
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Bristol Blitz
The Bristol Blitz was the heavy bombing of Bristol, England by the Nazi German Luftwaffe during the Second World War.
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British Expeditionary Force (World War II)
The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the name of the British Army in Western Europe during the Second World War from 2 September 1939 when the BEF GHQ was formed until 31 May 1940, when GHQ closed down.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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Bryansk
Bryansk (p) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Moscow.
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Brzeg
Brzeg (Latin: Alta Ripa, former German name: Brieg) is a town in southwestern Poland with 36,381 inhabitants (2016) and the capital of Brzeg County.
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Budapest
Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
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Busk, Ukraine
Busk (Буськ; Busk) is a city located in Busk Raion in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine.
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Butterfly Bomb
A Butterfly Bomb (or Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg or SD2) was a German 2 kilogram anti-personnel submunition used by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.
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Cardiff
Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital of, and largest city in, Wales, and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom.
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Carpet bombing
Carpet bombing, also known as saturation bombing, is a large aerial bombing done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.
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Case Blue
Case Blue (Fall Blau), later named Operation Braunschweig, was the German Armed Forces' (Wehrmacht) name for its plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
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Chapayev-class cruiser
The Chapayev class (Project 68 Чапаев) were a group of cruisers built for the Soviet Navy during and after World War II.
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Charleroi
Charleroi (Tchålerwè) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.
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Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.
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Chartres
Chartres is a commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in France.
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Châteaudun
Châteaudun is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
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Châteaudun Air Base
Châteaudun Air Base (Base aérienne 279 Châteaudun) was a French Air Force (Armée de l'Air base, until 1934 and 2014. The base was located approximately southeast of Châteaudun; about southwest of Paris. It is currently an airfield rattached to Orléans – Bricy Air Base. The base is primarily used for aircraft storage and ferrying them to other squadrons of the Air Force. Entrepot de l'Armee de l'Air 601 was assigned to perform this mission. Each French Air Force squadron stores some of its planes for a while thereby artificially prolong the life of the fleet and better material management. The EAA also has the task of storing new aircraft to be used in time of war. To fulfill its mission, the EAA has the Group Maintenance, repair and storage of aircraft (GERS). A SAN Jodel D.140 Mousquetaire training aircraft is assigned to the base for courier duties.
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Châtres-sur-Cher
Châtres-sur-Cher is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.
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Cherkasy
Cherkasy (Черка́си, pronounced; Czerkasy), or Cherkassy (Черка́ссы), is a city in central Ukraine.
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Chernaya River
Chornaya River or Chorna River (Чорна річка — Chorna Richka, Чёрная река — Chyornaya Reka, or, more commonly, Чёрная речка — Chyornaya Rechka), literally "Black River", is a common name for many rivers in Russia and Ukraine.
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Close air support
In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as air action such as air strikes by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces and attacks with aerial bombs, glide bombs, missiles, rockets, aircraft cannons, machine guns, and even directed-energy weapons such as lasers.
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Clydebank Blitz
The Clydebank Blitz comprised two devastating Luftwaffe air raids on the shipbuilding town of Clydebank in Scotland which took place in March 1941.
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Coventry Blitz
The Coventry blitz (blitz: from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning "lightning war") was a series of bombing raids that took place on the English city of Coventry.
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Crimea
Crimea (Крым, Крим, Krym; Krym; translit;; translit) is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.
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Crimean Offensive
The Crimean Offensive (8 April – 12 May 1944), known in German sources as the Battle of the Crimea, was a series of offensives by the Red Army directed at the German-held Crimea.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
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Dęblin
Dęblin is a town, population 16,656 (as of 2016), at the confluence of Vistula and Wieprz rivers, in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland.
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Dedelstorf
Dedelstorf is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Defence of the Reich
The Defence of the Reich (Reichsverteidigung) is the name given to the strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the Luftwaffe over German-occupied Europe and Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Devonport, Plymouth
Devonport, formerly named Plymouth Dock or just Dock, is a district of Plymouth in the English county of Devon, although it was, at one time, the more important settlement.
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Dijon
Dijon is a city in eastern:France, capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
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Direction finding
Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted.
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Dive bomber
A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops.
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Dnieper
The Dnieper River, known in Russian as: Dnepr, and in Ukrainian as Dnipro is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising near Smolensk, Russia and flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.
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Dnipro
Dnipro (Дніпро), until May 2016 Dnipropetrovsk (Дніпропетро́вськ) also known as Dnepropetrovsk (Днепропетро́вск), is Ukraine's fourth largest city, with about one million inhabitants.
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Don River (Russia)
The Don (p) is one of the major rivers of Russia and the 5th longest river in Europe.
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Donbass
The Donbass (Донба́сс) or Donbas (Донба́с) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia.
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Donetsk
Donetsk (Донецьк; Доне́цк; former names: Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Yuzovka, Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names)) is an industrial city in Ukraine on the Kalmius River.
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Dornier Do 17
The Dornier Do 17, sometimes referred to as the Fliegender Bleistift ("flying pencil"), was a light bomber of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Dornstadt
Dornstadt is a town in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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Dresden
Dresden (Upper and Lower Sorbian: Drježdźany, Drážďany, Drezno) is the capital city and, after Leipzig, the second-largest city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany.
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Drohobych
Drohobych (Дрогóбич; Дрогобыч; Drohobycz; דראָהאָביטש) is a city of regional significance in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine.
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Dubno
Dubno (Ду́бно, Dubno) is a city located on the Ikva River in Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.
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E. R. Hooton
Edward R. Hooton is a defence writer, who has written several books including publications for the Jane's Information Group.
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East Dean, Hampshire
East Dean is a small village in Hampshire, England.
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East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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East Prussia
East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
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Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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English Channel
The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Erich von Manstein
Erich von Manstein (24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German commander of the Wehrmacht, Nazi Germany's armed forces during the Second World War.
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Ernst Kühl
Ernst Kühl (24 October 1888 – 2 February 1972) was a German officer in the Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Escort fighter
The escort fighter was a World War II concept for a fighter aircraft designed to escort bombers to and from their targets.
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European theatre of World War II
The European theatre of World War II, also known as the Second European War, was a huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany's and the Soviet Union's joint invasion of Poland in September 1939 until the end of the war with the Soviet Union conquering most of Eastern Europe along with the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 (Victory in Europe Day).
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Eutingen im Gäu
Eutingen is a town in the district of Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.
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Exmouth
Exmouth is a port town, civil parish and seaside resort, sited on the east bank of the mouth of the River Exe.
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Explosive material
An explosive material, also called an explosive, is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.
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Faßberg
Faßberg is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Fall Weiss (1939)
Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling Fall Weiß) was the Nazi strategic plan for the invasion of Poland.
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Fastiv
Fastiv (Фа́стів) is a city in the Kyiv Oblast (province) in central Ukraine.
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Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base
Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base (German: "Fliegerhorst Fürstenfeldbruck"; now "Flugplatz Fürstenfeldbruck") is a German Air Force airfield near the town of Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria, near Munich, Germany.
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Feldwebel
Feldwebel (Fw or F), literally "field usher", is a non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank in several countries.
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Feltham
Feltham is a large town in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London, England, west of Twickenham, south-west of Hounslow and north of Walton-on-Thames.
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Feodosia
Feodosia (Феодо́сия, Feodosiya; Феодо́сія, Feodosiia; Crimean Tatar and Turkish: Kefe), also called Theodosia (from), is a port and resort, a town of regional significance in Crimea on the Black Sea coast.
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Fighter aircraft
A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets.
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Filton
Filton is a large suburban town and civil parish in South Gloucestershire, England, north of the City of Bristol and approximately from the city centre.
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First Battle of Kharkov
The 1st Battle of Kharkov, so named by Wilhelm Keitel, was the 1941 battle for the city of Kharkov (KharkivKharkov is the Russian language name of the city (Kharkiv the Ukrainian one); both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union (Source: & by Routledge)) (Ukrainian SSR) during the final phase of Operation Barbarossa between the German 6th Army of Army Group South and the Soviet Southwestern Front.
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Flying officer
Flying officer (Fg Off in the RAF and IAF; FLGOFF in the RAAF; FGOFF in the RNZAF; formerly F/O in all services and still frequently in the RAF) is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence.
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Focșani
Focșani (Fokschan; Foksány; Fokşan; Foqshan) is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the shores the Milcov River, in the historical region of Moldavia.
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Fourth Army (Romania)
The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French Air Force
The French Air Force (Armée de l'Air Française), literally Aerial Army) is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1934. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air Force varies depending on source, however sources from the French Ministry of Defence give a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. The French Air Force has 241 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 133 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. As of early 2017, the French Air Force employs a total of 41,160 regular personnel. The reserve element of the air force consisted of 5,187 personnel of the Operational Reserve. The Chief of Staff of the French Air Force (CEMAA) is a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA).
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Friedrich Kless
Friedrich Kless (7 October 1906 – 6 April 1994) was a German general during World War II.
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Full moon
The full moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective.
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Gablingen
Gablingen is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
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Głogów
Głogów (Glogau, rarely Groß-Glogau, Hlohov) is a town in southwestern Poland.
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General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations' air forces or marines.
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German Army (Wehrmacht)
The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.
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Geschwaderkommodore
Geschwaderkommodore (short also Kommodore) is a Luftwaffe position or appointment (not rank), originating during World War II.
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Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German, is a town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen.
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Glinnik, Lubartów County
Glinnik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Abramów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
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Glossary of German military terms
This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that have been or are used by the German military.
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Gomel
Gomel (also Homieĺ, Homiel, Homel or Homyel’; Belarusian: Го́мель, Łacinka: Homiel,, Russian: Го́мель) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census) the second-most populous city of Belarus.
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Greater Glasgow
Greater Glasgow is an urban settlement in Scotland consisting of all localities which are physically attached to the city of Glasgow, forming with it a single contiguous urban area (or conurbation).
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Gruppenkommandeur
Gruppenkommandeur is a Luftwaffe position (not rank), that is the equivalent of a commander of a group or wing in other air forces.
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Hampshire
Hampshire (abbreviated Hants) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom.
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Hanau Army Airfield
Hanau Army Airfield is a former military airfield located in Langendiebach, part of the municipality of Erlensee, some north-northeast of Hanau in Hesse, Germany.
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Hans Jeschonnek
Hans Jeschonnek (9 April 1899 – 18 August 1943) was a German Generaloberst and a Chief of the General Staff of Nazi Germany′s Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Hans Korte (general)
Hans Korte (16 December 1899 – 8 April 1990) was a German general during World War II.
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Hans-Valentin Hube
Hans-Valentin Hube (29 October 1890 – 21 April 1944) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Hawker Hurricane
The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–1940s that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd.
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Heathrow Airport
Heathrow Airport (also known as London Heathrow) is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom.
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Heinkel He 111
The Heinkel He 111 was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934.
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Heinkel He 177
The Heinkel He 177 Greif ("Griffin") was a large, long-range heavy bomber flown by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.
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History of Portsmouth
Portsmouth is an island port city situated on Portsea Island in the county of Hampshire, England.
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Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia.
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Hugo Sperrle
Hugo Sperrle (7 February 1885 – 2 April 1953) was a German field marshal of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Hull Blitz
The Hull Blitz was the Nazi German bombing campaign targeting the English port city of Kingston upon Hull during the Second World War.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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II SS Panzer Corps
The II SS Panzer Corps was a German Waffen-SS armoured corps which saw action on both the Eastern and Western Fronts during World War II.
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Ilyushin Il-2
The Ilyushin Il-2 (Cyrillic: Илью́шин Ил-2) Shturmovik (Cyrillic: Штурмови́к, Shturmovík) was a ground-attack aircraft produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World War.
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Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using fire (and sometimes used as anti-personnel weaponry), that use materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus.
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Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt (Austro-Bavarian) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Inowrocław
Inowrocław (Hohensalza) is a city in north-central Poland with a total population of 74,803 in 2014.
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Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Muir Éireann / An Mhuir Mheann, Y Keayn Yernagh, Erse Sea, Muir Èireann, Ulster-Scots: Airish Sea, Môr Iwerddon) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain; linked to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the Straits of Moyle.
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Isle of Portland
The Isle of Portland is a limestone tied island, long by wide, in the English Channel.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Izium
Izium (Ізюм; also Romanized Izum, Izyum; literally raisins), is a city situated on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine.
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Jagdgeschwader 3
Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3) "Udet" was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II.
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Jagdgeschwader 51
Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51) was a German fighter wing during World War II.
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Jagdgeschwader 52
Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) was a German World War II fighter-wing that exclusively used variants of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 throughout the war.
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Jagdgeschwader 53
Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53) was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II.
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Jēkabpils
Jēkabpils (Jakobstadt; Jakubów) is a city in southeastern Latvia roughly halfway between Riga and Daugavpils and spanning the Daugava River.
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John Dundas (RAF officer)
John Charles Dundas, (19 August 1915 – 28 November 1940) was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War credited with 12 victories.
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Junkers Ju 88
The Junkers Ju 88 was a German World War II Luftwaffe twin-engined multirole combat aircraft.
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Kamenets-Podolsky pocket
The Battle of the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket (or Battle of Tarnopol) was a Soviet effort to surround and destroy the Wehrmacht's 1st Panzer Army of Army Group South.
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Kampfgeschwader
Kampfgeschwader are the German-language name for (air force) bomber units.
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Kampfgeschwader 100
Kampfgeschwader 100 (KG 100) was a Luftwaffe medium and heavy bomber wing of World War II, and the first military aviation unit to use an unpowered precision-guided munition in combat to sink a warship on 9 September 1943 with the destruction of the, in the first successful use of the Fritz X armor-piercing, gravity PGM ordnance.
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Kampfgeschwader 26
Kampfgeschwader 26 (KG 26) "Löwengeschwader" (in English Bomber Wing 26 aka "Lions' Wing" by virtue of its insignia) was a German air force Luftwaffe bomber wing unit during World War II.
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Kampfgeschwader 27
Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke" was a Luftwaffe medium bomber wing of the Second World War.
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Kampfgeschwader 3
Kampfgeschwader 3 "Blitz" (KG 3) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.
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Kampfgeschwader 4
Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever" (KG 4) (Battle Wing 4) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.
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Kampfgeschwader 51
Kampfgeschwader 51 "Edelweiss" (KG 51) (Battle Wing 51) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.
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Kampfgeschwader 53
Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor" (KG 53; English: Condor Legion) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.
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Kampfgeschwader 54
Kampfgeschwader 54 "Totenkopf"() (KG 54) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.
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Kampfgruppe 100
Kampfgruppe 100 (KGr 100) was a specialist unit of the Luftwaffe during the early stages of World War II.
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Kanalkampf
The Kanalkampf (Channel Battle) was the German name for air operations by the German Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel, which marked the beginning of the Battle of Britain in July 1940, during the Second World War.
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Kanev
Kanev is a surname of Slavic origin.
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Karlivka, Donetsk Oblast
Karlivka (Карлівка; Карловка, Karlovka) is a village in Marinka Raion of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine.
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Kazan
Kazan (p; Казан) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.
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Kerch
Kerch (Керчь, Керч, Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ, Ancient Greek: Παντικάπαιον Pantikapaion, Keriç, Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of the Crimea.
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Kerch–Eltigen Operation
The Kerch–Eltigen Operation was a World War II amphibious offensive made in November 1943 by the Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Offensive (8 April-12 May 1944), with the object of defeating and forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the Crimea.
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Kharkiv
Kharkiv (Ха́рків), also known as Kharkov (Ха́рьков) from Russian, is the second-largest city in Ukraine.
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Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.
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Killed in action
Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
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Konotop
Konotop (or; Конотоп) is a city in Sumy Oblast in northern Ukraine.
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Korosten
Korosten (Ко́ростень, historically also Iskorosten') is a historic city and a large railway node in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine.
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Kovel
Kovel (Polish: Kowel, קאָוועל) is a town in Volyn Oblast (province), in northwestern Ukraine.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Krasnodar
Krasnodar (p) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River, approximately northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk.
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Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112
Krasnoye Sormovo Shipyard No.
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Kropyvnytskyi
Kropyvnytskyi (Kropyvnyc'kyj) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river, and is the administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast.
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Kuban bridgehead
The Kuban Bridgehead (German: Kuban-Brückenkopf), also known as the "Goth's head position" (German: Gotenkopfstellung), was a German position on the Taman Peninsula, Russia, between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea.
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Kupper
Kupper or Kuppers (also Küpper) is a surname of Germanic origin meaning maker or repairer of wooden vessels.
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Kursk
Kursk (p) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers.
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Kurt Pflugbeil
Kurt Leopold Pflugbeil (9 May 1890 – 31 May 1955) was a German general (General der Flieger) in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded 4th Air Corps and Luftflotte 1.
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Landsberg-Lech Air Base
Landsberg-Lech Air Base (German: Fliegerhorst Landsberg/Lech, ICAO: ETSA) is a German Air Force base located near the town of Landsberg am Lech in Bavaria.
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Latvia
Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
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Lavochkin La-7
The Lavochkin La-7 (Лавочкин Ла-7) was a piston-engined Soviet fighter developed during World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau (OKB).
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Le Bourget
Le Bourget is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France.
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Left-bank Ukraine
Left-bank Ukraine (translit; translit; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina) is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv, Poltava and Sumy as well as the eastern parts of Kiev and Cherkasy.
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Lehrgeschwader 1
Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1) (Demonstration Wing 1) formerly Lehrgeschwader Greifswald was a Luftwaffe multi-purpose unit during World War II, operating fighter, bomber and dive-bomber Gruppen.
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Leipheim
Leipheim is a town in the district of Günzburg, in Bavaria, Germany.
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Leutnant
Leutnant (OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and military of Switzerland.
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Liski, Voronezh Oblast
Liski (Ли́ски) is a town and the administrative center of Liskinsky District in Voronezh Oblast, Russia.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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Liverpool Blitz
The Liverpool Blitz was the heavy and sustained bombing of the English city of Liverpool and its surrounding area, during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Longvic
Longvic is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
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Lorraine
Lorraine (Lorrain: Louréne; Lorraine Franconian: Lottringe; German:; Loutrengen) is a cultural and historical region in north-eastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est.
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Lotfernrohr 7
The Carl Zeiss Lotfernrohr 7 (Lot meant "Vertical" and Fernrohr meant "Telescope"), or Lotfe 7, was the primary series of bombsights used in most Luftwaffe level bombers, similar to the United States' Norden bombsight, but much simpler to operate and maintain.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Lozova
Lozova (Лозова́) or Lozovaya (Лозова́я) is a city in Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine.
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Lublin
Lublin (Lublinum) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland.
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Luftflotte 3
Luftflotte 3 (Air Fleet 3) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.
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Luftflotte 4
Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.
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Luftflotte 6
Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.
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Lutsk
Lutsk (Luc'k,, Łuck, Luck) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine.
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Lviv
Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.
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Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive
The Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive or Lvov-Sandomierz Strategic Offensive Operation (Львовско-Сандомирская стратегическая наступательная операция) was a major Red Army operation to force the German troops from Ukraine and Eastern Poland.
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Lyon
Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.
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Lyon – Mont Verdun Air Base
Lyon – Mont Verdun Air Base (Base Aérienne 942) is located to the northwest of Lyon.
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Machnovka (Hasidic dynasty)
Machnovka (various spellings) is a Hasidic dynasty and part of the Belz and Chernobyl dynastic group of families.
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Maginot Line
The Maginot Line (Ligne Maginot), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications.
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Major
Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world.
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Maladzyechna
Maladzyechna (Маладзе́чна/Maladziečna,; Молоде́чно) is a city in the Minsk Voblast of Belarus, an administrative centre of the Maladzyechna district (and formerly of the Maladzyechna Voblast).
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Manchester Blitz
The Manchester Blitz (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the Nazi German Luftwaffe.
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Manching
Manching is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany.
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Manstein Plan
The Manstein Plan is one of the names used to describe the war plan of the German Army during the Battle of France in 1940.
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Maritime interdiction
Maritime interdiction (or naval interdiction) operations (MIOs) are naval operations, that aim to delay, disrupt, or destroy enemy forces or supplies en route to the battle area before they do any harm against friendly forces, similar to air interdiction.
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Marseille
Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.
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Młynów, Łódź Voivodeship
Młynów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piątek, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
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Medium bomber
A medium bomber is a military bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium-sized bombloads over medium range distances; the name serves to distinguish this type from larger heavy bombers and smaller light bombers.
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Melitopol
Melitopol (Меліто́поль, translit. Melitópol’, Мелитополь) is a city in Zaporizhia Oblast (region) of southeastern Ukraine.
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Melun
Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
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Merseyside
Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1.38 million.
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Messerschmitt Bf 109
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft that was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force.
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Messerschmitt Bf 110
--> The Messerschmitt Bf 110, often known non-officially as the Me 110, was a twin-engine heavy fighter (Zerstörer—German for "Destroyer") and fighter-bomber (Jagdbomber or Jabo) developed in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
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MG 151 cannon
The MG 151 (MG 151/15) was a 15 mm aircraft-mounted autocannon produced by Waffenfabrik Mauser during World War II.
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Millerovo
Millerovo (Миллерово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Rostov Oblast, Russia.
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Minsk
Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and the Nyamiha Rivers.
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.
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Moonlight
Moonlight consists of mostly sunlight (with little earthlight) reflected from the parts of the Moon's surface where the Sun's light strikes.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin (p), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west.
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Nancy, France
Nancy (Nanzig) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name.
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Nancy-Essey Airport
Nancy - Essey Airport is a regional airport in France, located about east of Nancy (in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department of the Grand Est region) and about east of Paris.
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Nantes
Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.
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Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau, literally Newcastle on the river Danube, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.
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Night fighter
A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time post-World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility.
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Nikopol, Ukraine
Nikopol (Ні́кополь,; Ни́кополь,; Νικόπολις, literally: "City of Victory") is a city in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper River, about 100 km south-west of Dnipro.
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Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod (p), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in Russia and the administrative center (capital) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.
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Nizhyn
Nížyn (Ні́жин,, Не́жин, Nezhin, Nieżyn) is a city located in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine, along the Oster River, north-east of the nation's capital, Kiev.
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No. 10 Group RAF
No.
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No. 141 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 145 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 152 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 229 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 238 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 264 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 43 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 601 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 604 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 79 Squadron RAF
No.
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No. 80 Wing RAF
No.
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No. 96 Squadron RAF
No.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.
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Novo
Novo is a 2002 romantic comedy film directed by Jean-Pierre Limosin and starring Eduardo Noriega.
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Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk (p) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.
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Oława
Oława is a town in south-western Poland with 32,674 inhabitants (2016).
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Oberfeldwebel
Oberfeldwebel (OFw or OF) is the fourth-lowest non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank in German Army and German Air Force.
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Oberleutnant
Oberleutnant (OF-1a) is the highest lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and Military of Switzerland.
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Oberst
Oberst is a military rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel.
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Oberstleutnant
Oberstleutnant is a German Army and German Air Force rank equal to lieutenant colonel, above Major, and below Oberst.
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Odessa
Odessa (Оде́са; Оде́сса; אַדעס) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center, seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.
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Offensive counter air
Offensive Counter-Air (OCA) is a military term for the suppression of an enemy's military air power, primarily through ground attacks targeting enemy air bases, disabling or destroying parked aircraft, runways, fuel facilities, hangars, air traffic control facilities and other aviation infrastructure.
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Oil tanker
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products.
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Operation Achse
Operation Achse (Fall Achse, "Case Axis"), originally called Operation Alaric (Unternehmen Alarich), was the codename for the German plan to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after the armistice with the Allies in 1943.
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Operation Bagration
Operation Bagration (Операция Багратио́н, Operatsiya Bagration) was the codename for the Soviet 1944 Belorussian Strategic Offensive Operation, (Белорусская наступательная операция «Багратион», Belorusskaya nastupatelnaya Operatsiya Bagration) a military campaign fought between 22 June and 19 August 1944 in Soviet Byelorussia in the Eastern Front of World War II.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Operation Citadel
Operation Citadel (Unternehmen Zitadelle) was a German offensive operation against Soviet forces in the Kursk salient during the Second World War on the Eastern Front that initiated the Battle of Kursk.
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Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.
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Operation Paula
Unternehmen Paula (Undertaking or Operation Paula) is the German codename given for the Second World War Luftwaffe offensive operation to destroy the remaining units of the Armée de l'Air (ALA), or French Air Force during the Battle of France in 1940.
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Operation Sea Lion
Operation Sea Lion, also written as Operation Sealion (Unternehmen Seelöwe), was Nazi Germany's code name for the plan for an invasion of the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War.
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Operation Uranus
Operation Uranus (romanised: Operatsiya "Uran") was the codename of the Soviet 19–23 November 1942 strategic operation in World War II which led to the encirclement of the German Sixth Army, the Third and Fourth Romanian armies, and portions of the German Fourth Panzer Army.
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Opole
Opole (Oppeln, Silesian German: Uppeln, Uopole, Opolí) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia.
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Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–45)
Between 1933 and 1945, the organization of the Luftwaffe underwent several changes.
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Orléans
Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.
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Osiedle Bojary, Białystok
Bojary is one of the districts of the Polish city of Białystok.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Perekop
Perekop is an urban-type settlement located on the Perekop Isthmus connecting the Crimean peninsula to the Ukrainian mainland.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Petropavlovka, Russia
Petropavlovka (Петропа́вловка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.
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Phoney War
The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II, during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district.
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Pilot officer
Pilot officer (Plt Off officially in the RAF; PLTOFF in the RAAF and RNZAF; formerly P/O in all services, and still often used in the RAF) is the lowest commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries.
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Pitomnik
Pitomnik is a village in the Tartar Rayon of Azerbaijan.
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Pitomnik Airfield
The Pitomnik airfield (питомник, lit. plant nursery) was an airfield in Russia.
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Plymouth
Plymouth is a city situated on the south coast of Devon, England, approximately south-west of Exeter and west-south-west of London.
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Plymouth Blitz
The Plymouth Blitz was a series of bombing raids carried out by the Nazi German Luftwaffe on the English city of Plymouth in the Second World War.
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Plzeň
Plzeň, also called Pilsen in English and German, is a city in western Bohemia in the Czech Republic.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polikarpov I-16
The Polikarpov I-16 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of revolutionary design; it was the world's first low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear to attain operational status and as such "introduced a new vogue in fighter design."Green, William.
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Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force (Siły Powietrzne, literally "Air Forces") is the aerial warfare military branch of the Polish Armed Forces.
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Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Wojska Lądowe) are a military branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland.
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Poltava
Poltava (Полтава; Полтава) is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine.
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Poltava Air Base
Poltava Air Base (Авіабаза «Полтава», Авиабаза «Полтава») is a military airfield located approximately northwest of Poltava, Ukraine.
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Poznań
Poznań (Posen; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region.
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Premissel, Peremyshl, Перемишль less often Перемишель) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009.
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Pskov
Pskov (p; see also names in other languages) is a city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.
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Radio Moscow
Radio Moscow (r), also known as Radio Moscow World Service, was the official international broadcasting station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics until 1993.
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Radom
Radom (ראָדעם Rodem) is a city in east-central Poland with 219,703 inhabitants (2013).
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RAF Fighter Command
RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.
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Renningen
Renningen is a town in the district of Böblingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Rethel
Rethel is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
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Riga
Riga (Rīga) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.
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Rivne
Rivne (Рівне; Rovno; Równe) is a historic city in western Ukraine and the historical region of Volhynia.
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Robert Ritter von Greim
Robert Ritter von Greim (born Robert Greim; 22 June 1892 – 24 May 1945) was a German Field Marshal and pilot.
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Rogan
Rogan is an Irish surname, deriving from the Irish Ó Ruadhagáin.
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Rolling stock
The term rolling stock in rail transport industry originally referred to any vehicles that move on a railway.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romanian Land Forces
The Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces.
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Rostov
Rostov (p) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring.
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Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.
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Rudolf Meister
Rudolf Meister (1 August 1897 – 11 September 1958) was a German general (General der Flieger) in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded the 4th Air Corps.
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Saint-André-de-l'Eure Airport
Saint-André-de-l'Eure Airport is a regional airport in France, located about 10 miles southwest of Évreux (Normandy).
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Samara Oblast
Samara Oblast (p) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).
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Saratov
Saratov (p) is a city and the administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River located upstream (north) of Volgograd.
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Sarny
Sarny (Сáрни, Russian and Belarusian: Сáрны, Sarny), translated as Does, is a small city in Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.
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SC1000 bomb
The SC 1000 (Sprengbombe Cylindrisch 1000) was a large air-dropped general-purpose thin cased high explosive demolition bomb used by Germany during World War II.
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Schnellkampfgeschwader 210
Schnellkampfgeschwader 210 (SKG 210) was a Luftwaffe fast-bomber wing during the Second World War.
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Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes;; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov (Азо́вское мо́ре, Azóvskoje móre; Азо́вське мо́ре, Azóvśke móre; Azaq deñizi, Азакъ денъизи, ازاق دﻩﯕىزى) is a sea in Eastern Europe.
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Searchlight
A searchlight (or spotlight) is an apparatus that combines an extremely luminous source (traditionally a carbon arc lamp) with a mirrored parabolic reflector to project a powerful beam of light of approximately parallel rays in a particular direction, usually constructed so that it can be swiveled about.
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Second Battle of Kharkov
The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov (now Kharkiv)Kharkov is the Russian language name of the city Kharkiv (Kharkiv the Ukrainian one); both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union (Source: & by Routledge) against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II.
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Sergeant
Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces.
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Sevsky District
Sevsky District (Се́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #13-Z and municipalLaw #3-Z district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.
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Sheffield Blitz
The Sheffield Blitz is the name given to the worst nights of German Luftwaffe bombing in Sheffield, England, during the Second World War.
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Shoreham, Kent
Shoreham is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England.
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Siege of Lille (1940)
The Siege of Lille or Lille Pocket was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of France.
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Siege of Sevastopol (1941–42)
The Siege of Sevastopol also known as the Defence of Sevastopol (Оборона Севастополя, transliteration: Oborona Sevastopolya) or the Battle of Sevastopol (German: Schlacht um Sewastopol) was a military battle that took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Skegness
Skegness is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, on the Lincolnshire coast of the North Sea, east of Lincoln.
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Sloviansk
Sloviansk (Slov"jans'k; Slavjansk) is a city of oblast significance in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine.
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Smolensk
Smolensk (a) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow.
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Soissons
Soissons is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France.
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Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning ''exit'') is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint.
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Southampton
Southampton is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, England.
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Southampton Blitz
The Southampton Blitz was the heavy bombing of Southampton by the Nazi German Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Southwick, West Sussex
Southwick is a small town and civil parish in the Adur District of West Sussex, England located five miles (8 km) west of Brighton and a suburb of the East Sussex resort City of Brighton & Hove.
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Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (r (VVS), literally "Military Air Forces") was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Squadron (aviation)
A squadron in air force, army aviation, or naval aviation is a unit comprising a number of military aircraft and their aircrews, usually of the same type, typically with 12 to 24 aircraft, sometimes divided into three or four flights, depending on aircraft type and air force.
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Stab (Luftwaffe designation)
The German language term Stab (literal translation: "staff") was used during World War II to designate a headquarters unit of the German Luftwaffe (air force).
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Strategic bombing
Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both.
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Straubing
Straubing is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany.
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Stuttgart
Stuttgart (Swabian: italics,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
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Sussex
Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.
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Swabian German
Swabian is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum.
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Swansea
Swansea (Abertawe), is a coastal city and county, officially known as the City and County of Swansea (Dinas a Sir Abertawe) in Wales, UK.
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Swiss Air Force
The Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe; Forces aériennes suisses; Forze aeree svizzere; Aviatica militara svizra) is the air component of the Swiss Armed Forces, established on 31 July 1914 as part of the army and in October 1936 an independent service.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Synthetic rubber
A synthetic rubber is any artificial elastomer.
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Szolnok
Szolnok is the county seat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary.
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T-34
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank that had a profound and lasting effect on the field of tank design.
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T-60 tank
The T-60 scout tank was a light tank produced by the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1942.
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T-70
The T-70 was a light tank used by the Red Army during World War II, replacing both the T-60 scout tank for reconnaissance and the T-50 light infantry tank for infantry support.
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Taman Peninsula
The Taman Peninsula (Тама́нский полуо́стров, Tamanskiy poluostrov) is a peninsula in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia, which borders the Sea of Azov to the North, the Strait of Kerch to the West and the Black Sea to the South.
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Terespol
Terespol is a town in eastern Poland on the border with Belarus.
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The Blitz
The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.
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Third Army (Romania)
The 3rd Army (Armata a 3-a Română) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.
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Third Battle of Kharkov
The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by the German Army Group South against the Red Army, around the city of Kharkov (or Kharkiv)Kharkov is the Russian language name of the city (Kharkiv the Ukrainian one); both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union (Source: & by Routledge) between 19 February and 15 March 1943.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Toul
Toul is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
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Toul-Croix de Metz Airfield
Toul-Croix De Metz Airfield is a former military airfield which is located approximately 1 mile northeast of Toul (Département de Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine); 160 miles east of Paris.
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Tuapse
Tuapse (Туапсе́; Тӏуапсэ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi.
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Ufa
Ufa (p; Өфө) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Ulm
Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube.
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Uman
Uman (Умань,; Humań) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine, to the east of Vinnytsia.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.
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Unteroffizier
Unteroffizier is a military rank of the Bundeswehr and of former German-speaking armed forces (Heer and Luftwaffe).
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Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains (p), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.
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Ursins
Ursins is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
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Valuyki
Valuyki (Валуйки) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
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Vélizy-Villacoublay
Vélizy-Villacoublay is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.
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Verdun
Verdun (official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a small city in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
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Vienna
Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.
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Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia (Vinnycja,; translit, Vinnica; Winnica; Winniza, and Vinița) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
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Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
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Volchansk
Volchansk (Волча́нск) is a town under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Karpinsk in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volchanka River (a right tributary of the Sosva in the Ob's basin), north of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast.
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Volga River
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe.
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Volgograd
Volgograd (p), formerly Tsaritsyn, 1589–1925, and Stalingrad, 1925–1961, is an important industrial city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia, on the western bank of the Volga River.
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Volgograd Oblast
Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть, Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the Volga region of Southern Russia.
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Wales
Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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Wesendorf
Wesendorf is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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West Midlands (region)
The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.
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Westland Whirlwind (fighter)
The Westland Whirlwind was a British twin-engined heavy fighter developed by Westland Aircraft.
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Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse.
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Wilhelm Antrup
Wilhelm Antrup (1 February 1910 – 14 November 1984) was a German air general.
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Wilhelm Süssmann
Wilhelm Süssmann (16 September 1891 – 20 May 1941) was a German general in the Luftwaffe (Air Force) during World War II who was killed in action during the Battle of Crete.
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Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen
Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen (10 October 1895 – 12 July 1945) was a German field marshal of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) during World War II.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Y-stations
Y-stations were British signals intelligence collection sites established during the First World War and used again during the Second World War.
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Yakovlev Yak-1
The Yakovlev Yak-1 (Яковлев Як-1) was a World War II Soviet fighter aircraft.
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Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (p) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow.
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Yeovil
Yeovil is an English town and civil parish in the district of South Somerset, with a population of 45,000.
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Zamość
Zamość (Yiddish: זאמאשטש Zamoshtsh) is a city in southeastern Poland, situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about from Lublin, from Warsaw and from the border with Ukraine.
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Zerstörergeschwader 1
Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1) (lit. destroyer wing) was a Luftwaffe heavy/destroyer Fighter Aircraft-wing of World War II.
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Zerstörergeschwader 26
Zerstörergeschwader 26 (ZG 26) "Horst Wessel" was a Luftwaffe heavy/destroyer Fighter Aircraft-wing of World War II.
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Zheleznodorozhny, Kaliningrad Oblast
Zheleznodorozhny (Железнодоро́жный, lit. railway; Gerdauen; Girdava; Gierdawy, Gierdawa), formerly Gerdauen until 1946, is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.
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Zhmerynka
Zhmerynka (Жмеринка,; Zhmerinka, Żmerynka, זשמערינקאַ, (Șmerinca) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Zhmerynka Raion (district), the town itself is not a part of the district and is separately incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Population.
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Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr (Žytomyr; Žitomir; Żytomierz; Žitomir) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine.
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11th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 11th Army (11.) was a World War II field army.
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15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force
The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force (15 ETF) was one of two ETFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command (AMC) and was headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California.
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16th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 16th Army (16.) was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht.
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17th Air Army
The 17th Air Army (17-я воздушная армия) was an Air army of the Red Air Force and Soviet Air Forces from 1942.
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17th Army (Wehrmacht)
The German Seventeenth Army (German: 17. Armee) was a World War II field army.
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1st Air Army
The 1st Air Army (1-я воздушная армия) was an Air Army in the Soviet Air Force which served during World War II.
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1st Panzer Army
The 1st Panzer Army (1.) was a German tank army which was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II.
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2nd Air Army
The 2nd Air Army (2 VA) was a formation of the Aviation of the Red Army (Soviet Air Force) as part of the Soviet Armed Forces during the Second World War.
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3d Air Division
The 3d Air Division (3d AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.
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3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf
The 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" (3. SS-Panzerdivision "Totenkopf".) was one of 38 divisions of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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45th Air Division
The 45th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit.
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4th Air Corps (Germany)
IV.
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4th Air Division (Germany)
4.
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4th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 4th Army was a field army of the Wehrmacht during World War II.
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4th Panzer Army
The 4th Panzer Army (German: 4. Panzerarmee) was, before being designated a full army, the Panzer Group 4 (Panzergruppe 4), a German panzer army during World War II.
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51st Guards Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
The 51st Guards Mechanized Brigade was a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces, stationed at Volodymyr-Volynskyi in Volyn Oblast, on the border with Poland.
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5th Air Corps (Germany)
5th Air Corps (V. Fliegerkorps) was formed 11 October 1939 in Gersthofen from the 5th Air Division.
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5th Air Division (Germany)
5.
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5th SS Panzer Division Wiking
The 5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking" (5. SS-Panzerdivision "Wiking".) was a Panzer division among the thirty eight Waffen-SS divisions of Nazi Germany.
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6th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 6th Army, a field-army unit of the German Wehrmacht during World War II (1939-1945), has become widely remembered for its destruction by the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942/43.
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8th Air Corps (Germany)
8th Air Corps (VIII. Fliegerkorps) was formed 19 July 1939 in Oppeln as Fliegerführer z.b.V. ("for special purposes").
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8th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 8th Army (German: 8. Armee Oberkommando) was a World War I and possibly World War II field army.
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9th Air Corps (Germany)
IX.
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Redirects here:
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_55
