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Khmer Empire

Index Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. [1]

216 relations: Absolute monarchy, Al-Masudi, Angkor, Angkor Thom, Angkor Wat, Apsara, Arabic, Arabs, Artisan, Avalokiteśvara, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Đại Việt, Bakong, Baksei Chamkrong, Banteay Chhmar, Banteay Kdei, Banteay Prey Nokor, Banteay Samré, Banteay Srei, Baphuon, Baray, Barom Reameathibtei, Bat Chum, Battle of Tonlé Sap, Bayon, Beng Mealea, Benjamin Walker (author), Black Death, Bodhisattva, Borobudur, Brahmin, Bubonic plague, Buddhism, Cambodia, Cambodian New Year, Caste system in India, Chakravarti (Sanskrit term), Champa, Chams, Chao Phraya River, Chapel, Chau Say Tevoda, Chenla, Chola dynasty, Cockfight, Commoner, Dark ages of Cambodia, David P. Chandler, Devaraja, Devata, ..., Dharanindravarman I, Dharanindravarman II, Dvarapala, East Baray, East Mebon, Epidemic, Funan, Gable, Gold, Goldsmith, Gopuram, Guangzhou, Hariharalaya, Harshavarman I, Harshavarman II, Harshavarman III, Henri Mouhot, Hindu, Hindu deities, Hinduism, History of China, Indrajayavarman, Indrapura (Khmer), Indravarman I, Indravarman II, Indravarman III, Intharacha (king of Ayutthaya), Irrigation, Isan, Ishanavarman II, Japanese people, Java, Jaya Indravarman IV, Jayavarman II, Jayavarman III, Jayavarman IV, Jayavarman IX, Jayavarman V, Jayavarman VI, Jayavarman VII, Jayavarman VIII, Kaladi inscription, Kampong Cham (city), Khleangs, Khmer language, Khmer people, Koh Ker, Krama, Krol Ko, Kshatriya, Kublai Khan, Kulottunga I, Kutisvara, Laterite, Lintel, Lolei, Lopburi, Mahayana, Mahendraparvata, Mainland Southeast Asia, Majapahit, Malaria, Marketplace, Medang Kingdom, Mekong, Metalworking, Monarchy of Cambodia, Mongols, Mottama, Mount Meru, Mueang Sing Historical Park, Myanmar, Nagarakretagama, Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom, Nāga, Neak Pean, Oudong, Pagan Kingdom, Palm sugar, Palm wine, Pediment, Phanom Rung Historical Park, Phimai Historical Park, Phimeanakas, Phnom Bakheng, Phnom Bok, Phnom Krom, Phnom Kulen, Phnom Kulen National Park, Phnom Penh, Plague (disease), Ponhea Yat, Prahok, Prasat Chrung, Prasat Kravan, Prasat Muang Tam, Prasat Suor Prat, Pre Rup, Preah Khan, Preah Khan Kompong Svay, Preah Ko, Preah Palilay, Preah Pithu, R. C. Majumdar, Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Rajendravarman II, Ramesuan (king of Ayutthaya), Rashtrakuta dynasty, Ratchaburi, Relief, Rice, Roluos, Roluos (temples), Sampot, Sandstone, Sanskrit, Sdok Kok Thom, Shailendra dynasty, Shaivism, Shiva, Sikhoraphum District, Slavery, Smallpox, Songkhla, Southeast Asia, Srah Srang, Sri Lanka, Srivijaya, Step pyramid, Succession of states, Sukhothai Kingdom, Suryavarman I, Suryavarman II, Ta Keo, Ta Nei, Ta Prohm, Ta Prohm Kel, Ta Som, Tambralinga, Tang dynasty, Temür Khan, Terrace of the Elephants, Terrace of the Leper King, Thai people, The Customs of Cambodia, Theravada, Thommanon, Tonlé Sap, Tribhuvanadityavarman, Udayadityavarman II, Ukondayu Kazufusa, Uthong, Vat Phou, Vietnam, Vijaya (Champa), Vishnu, Vyadhapura, West Baray, West Mebon, Yaśodharapura, Yasovarman I, Yasovarman II, Yuan dynasty, Zabag kingdom, Zhou Daguan. Expand index (166 more) »

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

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Al-Masudi

Al-Mas‘udi (أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي,; –956) was an Arab historian and geographer.

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Angkor

Angkor (អង្គរ, "Capital City")Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen.

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Angkor Thom

Angkor Thom (អង្គរធំ; literally: "Great City"), (alternate name: Nokor Thom, នគរធំ) located in present-day Cambodia, was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer empire.

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Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat (អង្គរវត្ត, "Capital Temple") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring.

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Apsara

An apsara, also spelled as apsaras by the Oxford Dictionary (respective plurals apsaras and apsarases), is a female spirit of the clouds and waters in Hindu culture.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

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Avalokiteśvara

Avalokiteśvara (अवलोकितेश्वर) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.

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Ayutthaya Kingdom

The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,; also spelled Ayudhya or Ayodhaya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767.

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Đại Việt

Đại Việt (literally Great Viet) is the name of Vietnam for the periods from 1054 to 1400 and 1428 to 1804.

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Bakong

Bakong (ប្រាសាទបាគង) is the first temple mountain of sandstone constructed by rulers of the Khmer empire at Angkor near modern Siem Reap in Cambodia.

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Baksei Chamkrong

Baksei Chamkrong (ប្រាសាទបក្សីចាំក្រុង) is a small Hindu temple located in the Angkor complex (Siem Reap, Cambodia).

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Banteay Chhmar

Banteay Chhmar (បន្ទាយឆ្មារ) is a commune (khum) in Thma Puok District in Banteay Meanchey province in northwest Cambodia.

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Banteay Kdei

Banteay Kdei (ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយក្តី; Prasat Banteay Kdei), meaning "A Citadel of Chambers", also known as "Citadel of Monks' cells", is a Buddhist temple in Angkor, Cambodia.

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Banteay Prey Nokor

The ancient temple complex of Banteay Prei Nokor is to the northwest of Kompong Cham, Cambodia.

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Banteay Samré

Banteay Samré is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, located 400 metres to the east of the East Baray.

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Banteay Srei

Banteay Srei or Banteay Srey (ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយស្រី) is a 10th-century Cambodian temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva.

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Baphuon

The Baphuon (ប្រាសាទបាពួន) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Baray

A baray is an artificial body of water which is a common element of the architectural style of the Khmer Empire of Southeast Asia.

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Barom Reameathibtei

Barom Reameathibtei (literally "Supreme Overlord Rama"), also known as Barom Reamea (literally "Supreme Rama") and Damkhat (คำขัด), was a king of the Khmer Empire.

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Bat Chum

Bat Chum (ប្រាសាទបាទជុំ) is a small temple built by Kavindrarimathana, a learned Buddhist minister of khmer king Rajendravarman, at the middle of the 10th century.

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Battle of Tonlé Sap

Battle of Tonlé Sap (French: Bataille de Tonlé Sap) is a short war of Panduranga and Khmer Empire in 1177.

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Bayon

The Bayon (ប្រាសាទបាយ័ន, Prasat Bayon) is a well-known and richly decorated Khmer temple at Angkor in Cambodia.

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Beng Mealea

Beng Mealea or Bung Mealea (ប្រាសាទបឹងមាលា, its name means "lotus pond"Freeman et Jacques, 2006, pp.220-223) is a temple in the Angkor Wat periodHigham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, located 40 km east of the main group of temples at Angkor, Cambodia, on the ancient royal highway to Preah Khan Kompong Svay.

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Benjamin Walker (author)

Benjamin Walker (25 November 1913 – 30 July 2013) was the truncated pen name of George Benjamin Walker, who also wrote under the pseudonym Jivan Bhakar.

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Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, Bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for anyone who has generated Bodhicitta, a spontaneous wish and compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhisattvas are a popular subject in Buddhist art.

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Borobudur

Borobudur, or Barabudur (Candi Borobudur, Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.

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Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Cambodian New Year

Cambodian New Year (បុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី) or Choul Chnam Thmey in the Khmer language, literally "Enter New Year", is the name of the Cambodian holiday that celebrates the traditional Lunar New Year.

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Caste system in India

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste.

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Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)

Chakravarti (Sanskrit cakravartin, Pali cakkavattin), is a Sanskrit term used to refer to an ideal universal ruler who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world.

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Champa

Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.

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Chams

The Chams, or Cham people (Cham: Urang Campa, người Chăm or người Chàm, ជនជាតិចាម), are an ethnic group of Austronesian origin in Southeast Asia.

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Chao Phraya River

The Chao Phraya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา, or) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country.

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Chapel

The term chapel usually refers to a Christian place of prayer and worship that is attached to a larger, often nonreligious institution or that is considered an extension of a primary religious institution.

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Chau Say Tevoda

Chau Say Tevoda (ប្រាសាទចៅសាយទេវតា, literally: prolific grandchildren of a deity) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Chenla

Chenla or Zhenla (ចេនឡា; Chân Lạp) is the Chinese designation for the successor polity of the Kingdom of Funan preceding the Khmer Empire that existed from around the late sixth to the early ninth century in Indochina.

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.

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Cockfight

A cockfight is a blood sport between two cocks, or gamecocks, held in a ring called a cockpit.

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Commoner

The common people, also known as the common man, commoners, or the masses, are the ordinary people in a community or nation who lack any significant social status, especially those who are members of neither royalty, nobility, the clergy, nor any member of the aristocracy.

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Dark ages of Cambodia

The Dark ages of Cambodia, also called the Middle Period, refers to the historical era from the early 15th century to 1863, the beginning of the French Protectorate of Cambodia.

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David P. Chandler

David Porter Chandler (born 1933) is an American historian and academic who is regarded as one of the foremost western scholars of Cambodia's modern history.

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Devaraja

"Devarāja" is the cult of the "god-king", or deified king in Southeast Asia.

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Devata

Deva is the Hindu term for deity; however, devata (Devanagari: देवता; Khmer: ទេវតា (tevoda); Javanese, Balinese, Sundanese, Malay and Indonesian: dewata; Batak languages: debata (Toba), dibata (Karo), naibata (Simalungun); Philippine languages: diwata) is a smaller, more focused deva.

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Dharanindravarman I

Dharanindravarman I (ធរណីន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី១) was a king of the Khmer Empire, reigning from 1107 AD to 1113 AD.

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Dharanindravarman II

Dharanindravarman II (ធរណីន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី២; also titled Paramanishkalapada) was king of the Khmer Empire from 1150 to 1160.

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Dvarapala

A Dvarapala (Sanskrit, "door guard"; IAST) is a door or gate guardian often portrayed as a warrior or fearsome giant, usually armed with a weapon - the most common being the ''gada'' (mace).

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East Baray

The East baray (បារាយណ៍ខាងកើត), or Yashodharatataka, is a now-dry baray, or artificial body of water, at Angkor, Cambodia, oriented east-west and located just east of the walled city Angkor Thom.

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East Mebon

The East Mebon (ប្រាសាទមេបុណ្យខាងកើត) is a 10th Century temple at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Epidemic

An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.

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Funan

Funan, (ហ្វូណន - Fonon), (Phù Nam) or Nokor Phnom (នគរភ្នំ) was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianised state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta that existed from the first to sixth century CE.

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Gable

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Goldsmith

A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals.

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Gopuram

A Gopuram or gopura (गोपुरम्) is a monumental gatehouse tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of a Hindu temple, in the Dravidian architecture of the Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Telangana states of Southern India.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong.

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Hariharalaya

Hariharalaya (ហរិហរាល័យ, Hariharalay) was an ancient city and capital of the Khmer empire located near Siem Reap, Cambodia in an area now called Roluos (Khmer: រលួស).

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Harshavarman I

Harshavarman I (ហស៌វរ្ម័នទី១; or Rudraloka, died in 923) was an Angkorian king who reigned in 910–923 CE.

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Harshavarman II

Harshavarman II (ហស៌វរ្ម័នទី២) was an Angkorian king who ruled from 941 to 944.

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Harshavarman III

Harshavarman III (ហស៌វរ្ម័នទី៣) was a king of Khmer who ruled from 1066 to about 1080 AD.

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Henri Mouhot

Henri Mouhot (May 15, 1826 — November 10, 1861) was a French naturalist and explorer of the mid-19th century.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu deities

Hindu deities are the gods and goddesses in Hinduism.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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History of China

The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.

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Indrajayavarman

Indrajayavarman or Indravarman IV (ឥន្រ្ទវរ្ម័នទី៤) and also known as Srindrajayavarman (ស្រីន្រ្ទជ័យវរ្ម័ន) was the ruler of Khmer empire from 1308-1327, and was succeeded by Jayavarmadiparamesvara.

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Indrapura (Khmer)

According to inscription on the stele of Sdok Kok Thom, Indrapura was the first capital of Jayavarman II reign about 781, before the foundation of Khmer Empire in 802.

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Indravarman I

Indravarman I (ឥន្រ្ទវរ្ម័នទី១) was a ruler of Khmer Empire who reigned from Hariharalaya between 877/78 and 889/890 AD.

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Indravarman II

Indravarman II (ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី២) was a ruler of the Khmer Empire, son of Jayavarman VII.

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Indravarman III

Indravarman III (ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី៣), also titled Srindravarman (ស្រីន្ទ្រវរ្ម័ន) was a ruler of the Khmer Empire from 1295 to 1308.

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Intharacha (king of Ayutthaya)

Intharacha or In Racha (อินทราชา), a nephew of Borommarachathirat I and former Lord of Suphanburi who had finally taken the Ayutthayan throne for the Suphannaphum Dynasty, reigned as the sixth king of Ayutthaya (1408–1424).

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Irrigation

Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

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Isan

Isan (Isan/อีสาน,; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issarn, Issan, Esan, or Esarn; from Pali ऐशान aiśāna or Sanskrit ऐशान aiśāna "northeast") consists of 20 provinces in the northeastern region of Thailand.

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Ishanavarman II

Ishanavarman II (ឦសានវរ្ម័នទី២) was an Angkorian king who is believed to have ruled from 923 to 928.

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Japanese people

are a nation and an ethnic group that is native to Japan and makes up 98.5% of the total population of that country.

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Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

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Jaya Indravarman IV

Jaya Indravarman IV or Po Klong Garai was the king of Champa, a former region located within modern-day Vietnam, from 1167–1192.

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Jayavarman II

Jayavarman II (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី២) (c. 770–835) was a 9th-century king of Cambodia, widely recognized as the founder of the Khmer Empire, the dominant civilisation on the Southeast Asian mainland until the mid 15th century.

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Jayavarman III

Very little is known about Jayavarman II's son and successor, Jayavarman III (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៣), or Vishnuloka, the second ruler of Angkor.

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Jayavarman IV

Jeyavarman IV (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៤) was an Angkorian king who ruled from 928 to 941 CE.

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Jayavarman IX

Jayavarman IX, also known as Jayavarmadiparamesvara was sovereign of the Khmer Empire from 1327 to 1336.

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Jayavarman V

Jayavarman V (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៥) was a ruler of the Khmer Empire from his state temple, Jayendranagari, at Jayendrapura.

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Jayavarman VI

Jayavarman VI (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៦) was king of the Khmer Empire from about 1080 to 1107 AD.

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Jayavarman VII

Jayavarman VII, post-humous name of Mahaparamasaugata, (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧, 1125–1218) was a king (reigned c.1181–1218) of the Khmer Empire in present-day Siem Reap, Cambodia.

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Jayavarman VIII

Jayavarman VIII (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៨), posthumous name Paramesvarapada, was one of the prominent kings of the Khmer empire.

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Kaladi inscription

Kaladi inscription is a series of Javanese inscriptions engraved on copper plates dated from the year 831 Saka or 909 CE originated from the Medang Mataram kingdom period.

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Kampong Cham (city)

Kampong Cham (ក្រុងកំពង់ចាម) is the capital city of Kampong Cham Province in eastern Cambodia.

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Khleangs

The Khleangs are two buildings of unknown purpose on the east side of the Royal Square in Angkor Thom, Cambodia, located just behind the twelve towers of Prasat Suor Prat and separated by the royal route that leads from the Angkor Thom Royal Palace to the Victory Gate.

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Khmer language

Khmer or Cambodian (natively ភាសាខ្មែរ phiəsaa khmae, or more formally ខេមរភាសា kheemaʾraʾ phiəsaa) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia.

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Khmer people

Khmer people (ខ្មែរ,, Northern Khmer pronunciation) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia, accounting for 97.6% of the country's 15.9 million people.

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Koh Ker

Koh Ker (text) is a remote archaeological site in northern Cambodia about away from Siem Reap and the ancient site of Angkor.

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Krama

A krama (ក្រមារ) is a sturdy traditional Cambodian garment with many uses, including as a scarf, bandanna, to cover the face, for decorative purposes, and as a hammock for children.

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Krol Ko

Krol Ko (ប្រាសាទក្រោលគោ) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Buddhist temple built at the end of the 12th century under the rule of Jayavarman VII.

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Kshatriya

Kshatriya (Devanagari: क्षत्रिय; from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority") is one of the four varna (social orders) of the Hindu society.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).

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Kulottunga I

Kulottunga Chola (also spelt Kulothunga) was an 11th century monarch of the Chola Empire.

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Kutisvara

Kutisvara (ប្រាសាទគុទិស្វរៈ) is a small brick temple consisting of three towers in ruined condition.

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Laterite

Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.

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Lintel

A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports.

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Lolei

Lolei (ប្រាសាទលលៃ) is the northernmost temple of the Roluos group of three late 9th century Hindu temples at Angkor, Cambodia, the others members of which are Preah Ko and the Bakong.

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Lopburi

Lopburi (ลพบุรี) is the capital city of Lopburi Province in Thailand.

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.

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Mahendraparvata

Mahendraparvata (មហេន្ទ្របវ៌ត) is an ancient city of the Khmer Empire era in Cambodia.

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Mainland Southeast Asia

Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula and previously as Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia east of India and south of China that is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.

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Majapahit

The Majapahit Empire (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ Karaton Majapahit, Kerajaan Majapahit) was a thalassocracy in Southeast Asia, based on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia), that existed from 1293 to circa 1500.

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Marketplace

A market, or marketplace, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods.

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Medang Kingdom

The Medang Empire or Mataram Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries.

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Mekong

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia.

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Metalworking

Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures.

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Monarchy of Cambodia

The King of Cambodia (ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Roi du Royaume du Cambodge) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mottama

Mottama (မုတ္တမမြို့,; Mon:,; formerly Martaban) is a small town in the Thaton district of Mon State, Myanmar.

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Mount Meru

Mount Meru (Sanskrit: मेरु, Tibetan: ཪི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་, Sumeru, Sineru or Mahameru) is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

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Mueang Sing Historical Park

Mueang Sing (เมืองสิงห์) is a historical park in Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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Nagarakretagama

The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakrtagama, also known as Desawarnana, is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire.

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Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom

Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (Kingdom of Ligor) was one of the major constituent city states (mueang) of the Siamese kingdoms of Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya and controlled a sizeable part of the Malay peninsula.

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Nāga

Nāga (IAST: nāgá; Devanāgarī: नाग) is the Sanskrit and Pali word for a deity or class of entity or being taking the form of a very great snake, specifically the king cobra, found in the Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

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Neak Pean

Neak Pean (or Neak Poan) (ប្រាសាទនាគព័ន្ធ) ("The entwined serpents") at Angkor, Cambodia is an artificial island with a Buddhist temple on a circular island in Jayatataka Baray, which was associated with Preah Khan temple, built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII.

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Oudong

Oudong (ឧដុង្គ) (also romanized as Udong or Odong) is a town in Cambodia, situated in the north-western part of Kampong Speu Province.

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Pagan Kingdom

The Kingdom of Pagan (ပုဂံခေတ်,, lit. "Pagan Period"; also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar).

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Palm sugar

Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree.

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Palm wine

Palm wine is an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms.

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Pediment

A pediment is an architectural element found particularly in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture, and its derivatives, consisting of a gable, usually of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically supported by columns.

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Phanom Rung Historical Park

Phanom Rung (พนมรุ้ง), or full name, Prasat Hin Phanom Rung (ปราสาทหินพนมรุ้ง – Phanom Rung Stone Castle), is a Hindu Khmer temple complex set on the rim of an extinct volcano at elevation, in Buriram Province in the Isan region of Thailand at the time when Khmer social-political influences were significant in Srisaket.

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Phimai Historical Park

The Phimai historical park (ปราสาทหินพิมาย) is one of the largest Khmer temples of Thailand.

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Phimeanakas

Phimeanakas (ប្រាសាទភិមានអាកាស, Prasat Phimean Akas, 'celestial temple') or Vimeanakas (ប្រាសាទវិមានអាកាស, Prasat Vimean Akas) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu temple in the Khleang style, built at the end of the 10th century, during the reign of Rajendravarman (from 941-968), then completed by Suryavarman IHigham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., in the shape of a three tier pyramid as a Hindu temple.

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Phnom Bakheng

Phnom Bakheng (ប្រាសាទភ្នំបាខែង) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu and Buddhist temple in the form of a temple mountain.

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Phnom Bok

Phnom Bok (ភ្នំបូក) is a hill in the northeast of Eastern Baray in Cambodia, with a prasat (temple) (ប្រាសាទភ្នំបូក) of the same name built on it.

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Phnom Krom

Phnom Krom (ភ្នំក្រោម) is a 140 m high hill close to Siem Reap city, Cambodia.

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Phnom Kulen

Phnom Kulen, also romanized as (Phnom Koulen, Phnum Kulén or Koulen Mountain) (ភ្នំគូលេន, meaning "Mountain of Lychees") is a mountain range in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia.

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Phnom Kulen National Park

Phnom Kulen National Park (ឧទ្យានជាតិភ្នំគូលេន - Outtyeancheat Phnom Kulen) and officially known as Preah Cheyvaraman-Norodom Phnom Kulen National Park (ឧទ្យានជាតិព្រះជ័យវរ្ម័ន​-នរោត្តម​ ភ្នំគូលេន - Outtyeancheat Preah Cheyvaraman-Norodom Phnom Kulen) is a National park in Cambodia.

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Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh (or; ភ្នំពេញ phnum pɨñ), formerly known as Krong Chaktomuk or Krong Chaktomuk Serimongkul (ក្រុងចតុមុខសិរិមង្គល), is the capital and most populous city in Cambodia.

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Plague (disease)

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Ponhea Yat

Ponhea Yat (ពញាយ៉ាត; พญาญาติ,; 1396–1466), also known as Barom Reachea II (បរមរាជាទី២; บรมราชาที่ ๒), was the last king of the Khmer Empire.

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Prahok

Prahok (ប្រហុក) is a crushed, salted and fermented fish paste (usually of mudfish) that is used in Cambodian cuisine as a seasoning or a condiment.

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Prasat Chrung

Prasat Chrung (Khmer: ប្រាសាទជ្រុង) are temples that located at each corner of the Angkor Thom, on the earth embankment that reaches almost to the top of the walls, is a small temple known as Prasat Chrung (Shrine of the Angle) in modern Khmer.

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Prasat Kravan

Prasat Kravan (ប្រាសាទក្រវាន់) is a small 10th-century temple consisting of five reddish brick towers on a common terrace, at Angkor, Cambodia, south of the artificial lake (baray) called Srah Srang.

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Prasat Muang Tam

Prasat Muang Tam (ปราสาทเมืองต่ำ,, 'lowland castle') is a Khmer temple in Prakhon Chai district, Buri Ram Province, Thailand.

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Prasat Suor Prat

Prasat Suor Prat (ប្រាសាទសួព្រ័ត) is a series of twelve towers spanning north to south lining the eastern side of a royal square in Angkor Thom, near the town of Siem Reap, Cambodia.

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Pre Rup

Pre Rup (ប្រាសាទប្រែរូប) is a Hindu temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built as the state temple of Khmer king RajendravarmanHigham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., and dedicated in 961 or early 962.

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Preah Khan

Preah Khan (ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន; "Royal Sword") is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII to honor his father.

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Preah Khan Kompong Svay

The archeological complex of Preah Khan (of) Kampong Svay (ព្រះខ័ននៅកំពង់ស្វាយ) or Prasat Bakan (according to local pronunciation) or Bakan Svay Rolay is located 100 km east of Angkor, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia.

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Preah Ko

Preah Ko (ប្រាសាទព្រះគោ) (Khmer, The Sacred Bull) was the first temple to be built in the ancient and now defunct city of Hariharalaya (in the area that today is called Roluos), some 15 kilometers south-east of the main group of temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Preah Palilay

Preah Palilay (ប្រាសាទព្រះបាលិលេយ្យKhmer dictionary, word "ប្រាសាទ (Prasat)" p.622, published in 2007, adopted from Khmer dictionary of Buddhist Institute, Cambodia in 1967.) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Preah Pithu

Preah Pithu (ប្រាសាទព្រះពិធូរ), or Prasat Preah Pithu, is a group of five temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

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R. C. Majumdar

Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (known as R. C. Majumdar; 4 December 1884 – 11 February 1980) was a historian and professor of Indian history.

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Raja Raja Chola I

Raja Raja Cholan I (or Rajaraja Cholan I) born as Arul Mozhi Varman known as Raja Raja Cholan was a Chola Emperor from present day South India who ruled over the Chola kingdom of Ancient Tamilnadu (parts of southern India), parts of northern India, two third's of Sri Lankan territory (Eezham), Maldives and parts of East Asia, between 985 and 1014 CE.

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Rajendra Chola I

Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE.

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Rajendravarman II

Rajendravarman II (រាជេន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី២) was the king of the Khmer Empire (region of Angkor in Cambodia), from 944 to 968.

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Ramesuan (king of Ayutthaya)

Somdet Phra Ramesuan (สมเด็จพระราเมศวร) (1339–1395), son of king Ramathibodi I, reigned as the second and fifth king of the kingdom of Ayutthaya.

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Rashtrakuta dynasty

Rashtrakuta (IAST) was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the sixth and 10th centuries.

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Ratchaburi

Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี) or Rat Buri is a town (thesaban mueang) in western Thailand, capital of Ratchaburi Province.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Roluos

Roluos, also Phumi Roluos Chas, is a small town and khum (commune) of Svay Chek District in Banteay Meanchey Province in north-western Cambodia.

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Roluos (temples)

Roluos (Khmer: រលួស) is a Cambodian modern small town and an archeological site about 13 km east of Siem Reap along NH6.

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Sampot

The sampot (សំពត់, ALA-LC: saṃbát) is a long, rectangular cloth worn around the lower body.

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Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sdok Kok Thom

Sdok Kok Thom (สด๊กก๊อกธม, Sadok Kok Thom,; ស្តុកកក់ធំ), or Sdok Kak Thom, is an 11th-century Khmer temple in present-day Thailand, located about northeast of the Thai border town of Aranyaprathet.

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Shailendra dynasty

The Shailendra dynasty (derived from Sanskrit combined words Śaila and Indra, meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region.

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Shaivism

Shaivism (Śaivam) (Devanagari: शैव संप्रदाय) (Bengali: শৈব) (Tamil: சைவம்) (Telugu: శైవ సాంప్రదాయం) (Kannada:ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being.

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Shiva

Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव, IAST: Śiva, lit. the auspicious one) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.

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Sikhoraphum District

Sikhoraphum (ศีขรภูมิ) is a district (amphoe) in the central part of Surin Province, northeastern Thailand.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Songkhla

Songkhla (สงขลา), also known as Singgora or Singora (Pattani Malay: ซิงกอรอ), is a city (thesaban nakhon) in Songkhla Province of southern Thailand, near the border with Malaysia.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Srah Srang

Srah Srang (ស្រះស្រង់) is a baray or reservoir at Angkor, Cambodia, located south of the East Baray and east of Banteay Kdei.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Srivijaya

Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian/Malay: Sriwijaya, Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ, Sundanese:, ศรีวิชัย, Sanskrit: श्रीविजय, Śrīvijaya, Khmer: ស្រីវិជ័យ "Srey Vichey", known by the Chinese as Shih-li-fo-shih and San-fo-ch'i t) was a dominant thalassocratic Malay city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.

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Step pyramid

A step pyramid or stepped pyramid is an architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid.

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Succession of states

Succession of states is a theory and practice in international relations regarding successor states.

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Sukhothai Kingdom

The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.

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Suryavarman I

Suryavarman I (សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី១; posthumously Nirvanapada) was king of the Khmer Empire from 1006 to 1050.

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Suryavarman II

Suryavarman II (សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី២) posthumously named Paramavishnuloka, was a Khmer king of the Khmer Empire from 1113 AD to 1145-1150 AD and the builder of Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world which he dedicated to the Hindu God Vishnu.

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Ta Keo

Ta Keo (ប្រាសាទតាកែវ) is a temple-mountain in Angkor (Cambodia), possibly the first to be built entirely of sandstone by Khmers.

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Ta Nei

Ta Nei is a late 12th century stone temple in Angkor, Cambodia.

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Ta Prohm

Ta Prohm (ប្រាសាទតាព្រហ្ម, pronunciation: prasat taprohm) is the modern name of the temple at Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, built in the Bayon style largely in the late 12th and early 13th centuries and originally called Rajavihara (in Khmer: រាជវិហារ).

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Ta Prohm Kel

Ta Prohm Kel (Khmer: ប្រាសាទតាព្រហ្មកិល ឬ ប្រាសាទព្រហ្មកិល) is a small ruined sandstone monument in Angkor archaeological park, Siem Reap province, Cambodia.

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Ta Som

Ta Som (ប្រាសាទតាសោម) is a small temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built at the end of the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII.

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Tambralinga

Tambralinga was an ancient kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula that at one time came under the influence of Srivijaya.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Temür Khan

Temür Öljeytü Khan (translit; ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ), born Temür (also spelled Timur, Төмөр, October 15, 1265 – February 10, 1307), also known by the temple name Chengzong (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan) was the second emperor of the Yuan dynasty, ruling from May 10, 1294 to February 10, 1307.

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Terrace of the Elephants

The Terrace of the Elephants (ព្រះលានជល់ដំរី) is part of the walled city of Angkor Thom, a ruined temple complex in Cambodia.

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Terrace of the Leper King

The Terrace of the Leper King (or Leper King Terrace) (Preah Lean Sdach Kumlung) is located in the northwest corner of the Royal Square of Angkor Thom, Cambodia.

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Thai people

Thai people or the Thais (ชาวไทย), also known as Siamese (ไทยสยาม), are a nation and Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia, primarily living mainly Central Thailand (Siamese proper).

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The Customs of Cambodia

The Customs of Cambodia, also translated as A Record of Cambodia: the Land and Its People, is a book written by the Yuan dynasty Chinese official Zhou Daguan who stayed in Angkor between 1296 and 1297.

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Theravada

Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core.

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Thommanon

Thommanon (ប្រាសាទធម្មនន្ទ.) is one of a pair of Hindu temples built during the reign of Suryavarman II (1113–1150) at Angkor, Cambodia.

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Tonlé Sap

Tonlé Sap (ទន្លេសាប, literally large river (tonle); fresh, not salty (sap), commonly translated to 'great lake') refers to a seasonally inundated freshwater lake, the Tonlé Sap Lake and an attached river, the long Tonlé Sap River, that connects the lake to the Mekong River.

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Tribhuvanadityavarman

Tribhuvanadityavarman (Protege of the Three Suns) is a mandarin who, around 1165, overthrew Yasovarman II and proclaimed himself king of Cambodia.

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Udayadityavarman II

Udayadityavarman II (ឧទ័យាទិត្យវរ្ម័នទី២) ruled the Angkor Kingdom from 1050 to 1066 A.D. He was the successor of Suryavarman I but not his son; he descended from Yasovarman I's spouse.

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Ukondayu Kazufusa

(d. May 3, 1674 at Kyōto) was a 17th-century Japanese traveler, merchant and pilgrim, who made a journey to Cambodia, and in January 1632 visited the temple of Angkor Wat at Angkor.

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Uthong

U-thongThe Royal Institute.

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Vat Phou

Vat Phou (or Wat Phu; ວັດພູ temple-mountain) is a ruined Khmer Hindu temple complex in southern Laos.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Vijaya (Champa)

Vijaya was a city-state in the ancient kingdom of Champa in what is now the South Central Coast region of Vietnam.

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Vishnu

Vishnu (Sanskrit: विष्णु, IAST) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, and the Supreme Being in its Vaishnavism tradition.

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Vyadhapura

Vyadhapura was an ancient city of the Funan civilization, likely in what is now Ba Phnum District in the province of Prey Veng, Cambodia.

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West Baray

The West Baray (បារាយណ៍ខាងលិច) or Baray Teuk Thla "Clear water Baray" (បារាយណ៍ទឹកថ្លា) is a baray, or reservoir, at Angkor, Cambodia, oriented east-west and located just west of the walled city Angkor Thom.

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West Mebon

The West Mebon (ប្រាសាទមេបុណ្យខាងលិច) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, located in the center of the West Baray, the largest reservoir of the Angkor area.

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Yaśodharapura

Yasodharapura (Headley, Robert K.; Chim, Rath; Soeum, Ok. 1997. Cambodian-English Dictionary. Dunwoody Press. University of Michigan.. http://sealang.net/khmer/dictionary.htm "Yaśōdharapura"), also known as Angkor, is a city that was the second capital of the Khmer Empire, established by King Yasovarman I in the late 9th century and centred on the temple of Phnom Bakheng.

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Yasovarman I

Yasovarman I (ព្រះបាទយសោវរ្ម័នទី១) was an Angkorian king who reigned in 889–910 CE.

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Yasovarman II

Yasovarman II (យសោវរ្ម័នទី២) was the ruler of the Khmer empire from 1160 to 1166.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Zabag kingdom

Zabag (Chinese: Sanfotsi; Sanskrit: Javaka; Arabic: Zabaj) is thought to have been an ancient kingdom located south of China somewhere in Southeast Asia, between the Chenla Kingdom (now Cambodia) and Java.

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Zhou Daguan

Zhou Daguan (French: Tcheou Ta-Kouan; c. 1270–?) was a Chinese diplomat under the Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan.

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Redirects here:

Angkor Empire, Angkor empire, Angkorian Empire, Decline of the Khmer Empire, Khmer Empire (disamubigation), Khmer empire.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Empire

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