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19 relations: Bar Confederation, Barbican, Defensive wall, Embrasure, Gothic architecture, Gothic architecture in modern Poland, Internet Archive, Kraków, Kraków Old Town, Lesser Poland, Marek Żukow-Karczewski, Planty Park, Poland, Royal city in Poland, Royal Road, Kraków, St. Florian's Gate, The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, The New York Times, Warsaw Barbican.
Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation (Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian influence and against King Stanisław II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.
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Barbican
A barbican is a fortified outpost or gateway, such as an outer defense to a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes.
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Defensive wall
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors.
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Embrasure
In military architecture, an embrasure is the opening in a crenellation or battlement between the two raised solid portions or merlons, sometimes called a crenel or crenelle.
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Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.
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Gothic architecture in modern Poland
The Gothic style arrived in Poland in the first half of the 13th century with the arrival of members of the Dominican and Franciscan orders.
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Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kraków Old Town
Kraków Old Town is the historic central district of Kraków, Poland.
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Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is a historical region (dzielnica) of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.
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Marek Żukow-Karczewski
Marek Żukow-Karczewski (born May 6, 1961) is a Polish historian, journalist, and author who specializes in the history of Poland, especially Kraków, and in the history of architecture and environmental issues.
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Planty Park
Planty is one of the largest city parks in Kraków, Poland.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Royal city in Poland
In the history of Poland, a royal city or royal town (miasto królewskie) was an urban settlement within the crown lands (królewszczyzna).
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Royal Road, Kraków
The Royal Road or Royal Route (Droga Królewska) in Kraków, Poland, begins at the northern end of the medieval Old Town and continues south through the centre of town towards Wawel Hill, where the old royal residence, Wawel Castle, is located.
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St. Florian's Gate
St.
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The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków
The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków (Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa) in Kraków, Lesser Poland, was granted the status of an independent institution in 1945.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Warsaw Barbican
The Warsaw Barbican (barbakan warszawski) is a barbican (semicircular fortified outpost) in Warsaw, Poland, and one of few remaining relics of the complex network of historic fortifications that once encircled Warsaw.
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