Communication

464 relations: Abscess, Academic Press, Adapiformes, Adaptation, Africa, Afzelia, Agonistic behaviour, Alarm signal, Albert Günther, Alfred Grandidier, Alison Jolly, Alison Richard, Alloparenting, Alluaudia, Alphonse Milne-Edwards, Altricial, Ambatofinandrahana, Ancestor, Animal latrine, Animal locomotion, Animal Planet, Antananarivo, Antarctica, Anthropologist, Ape, Aquatic locomotion, Aquila (genus), Arboreal locomotion, Archaeoindris, Atelidae, Axilla, Aye-aye, Étienne de Flacourt, Babakotia, Baboon, Bamboo lemur, Bark (botany), Basal (phylogenetics), Basal metabolic rate, Bat, Beilschmiedia, Berenty Reserve, Betampona Reserve, Binomial nomenclature, Biodiversity, Biodiversity hotspot, Biological dispersal, Bird of prey, Birth, Black-and-white ruffed lemur, ..., Blue-eyed black lemur, Brain-to-body mass ratio, Bugtilemur, Bushmeat, Cabinet of curiosities, Canarium, Canine tooth, Canopy (biology), Captive breeding, Carl Linnaeus, Catarrhini, Cathariostachys madagascariensis, Cathemerality, Cecum, Cellulose, Charcoal, Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major, Cheirogaleidae, Chronobiology, CITES, Clade, Cladistics, Claw, Climate, Colin Groves, Colloquialism, Color vision, Common brown lemur, Competition (biology), Cone cell, Conservation International, Conservation movement, Coquerel's giant mouse lemur, Coquerel's sifaka, Cornea, Crepuscular animal, Critically endangered, Crocodile, Crowned lemur, Crypsis, Cryptoprocta spelea, Cyanide, Cyclone, Cytogenetics, David Attenborough, Deciduous teeth, Defecation, Deforestation, Dental pad, Dentition, Diademed sifaka, Dichromacy, Digestion, Digit (anatomy), Diurnality, Documentary film, Dog, Dominance (ethology), Dormancy, Drama (film and television), Duke Lemur Center, Durban, Durham, North Carolina, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Dwarf lemur, Eastern lesser bamboo lemur, Ecological niche, Ecosystem, Ecotourism, Elwyn L. Simons, Encephalization, Endangered species, Endemism, Eocene, Epiphyte, Epizootic, Ernst Schwarz, Estrous cycle, Eupleridae, Evolution of color vision in primates, Evolution of lemurs, Evolutionary Anthropology (journal), Evolutionary ecology, Exorcism, Exotic pet, Facial expression, Fady (taboo), Feral cat, Fermentation, Fern, Fianarantsoa Province, Ficus, Field research, Firewood, Fission–fusion society, Flagship species, Flora, Folivore, Forelimb, Fork-marked lemur, Fossa (animal), Fovea centralis, Frond, Frugivore, Galago, Game theory, Geophagia, George Edwards (naturalist), George Gaylord Simpson, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, Germination, Gestation, Giant aye-aye, Giant mouse lemur, Gibbon, Golden bamboo lemur, Golden-brown mouse lemur, Golden-crowned sifaka, Gondwana, Goodman's mouse lemur, Gorilla, Grassland, Gray mouse lemur, Gray-headed lemur, Greater bamboo lemur, Grooming claw, Gut flora, Habitat destruction, Hadropithecus, Hairy-eared dwarf lemur, Haplorhini, Hard palate, Hardwood, Hemosiderosis, Herb, Herbivore, Herpes simplex virus, Heterodont, Hibernation, Hindlimb, Home range, Human digestive system, Human evolution, Hypothesis, Ian Tattersall, Illegal logging in Madagascar, Incisive foramen, Incisor, Indian Plate, Indri, Indriidae, Inflorescence, Insectivore, Institution, International Primatological Society, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Intsia bijuga, Iron overload, IUCN Red List, James Petiver, Jean-Jacques Petter, Johann Maria Hildebrandt, John Buettner-Janusch, John Edward Gray, Jumping, Keratin, Keystone species, Kinematics, Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur, Lactation, Late Pleistocene, Latin, Least-concern species, Legume, Lemur Conservation Foundation, Lemur Street, Lemures, Lemuria (festival), Lemuridae, Lemuriformes, Lemurs' Park, Liana, List of lemur species, List of mammalian gestation durations, Local extinction, Loris, Lorisidae, Lorisoidea, Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, Madagascan harrier-hawk, Madagascar, Madagascar (2005 film), Madagascar buzzard, Madagascar dry deciduous forests, Madagascar Fauna Group, Madagascar National Parks, Madagascar spiny forests, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, Malagasy crowned eagle, Mammalogy, Mandible, Mangrove, Marc Ravalomanana, Marolambo, Marsupial, Masoala fork-marked lemur, Mating, Mating plug, Maxilla, Megaladapis, Menagerie, Mesopropithecus, Metabolism, Milne-Edwards' sifaka, Mining, Mobbing (animal behavior), Molecular genetics, Molecular phylogenetics, Mongoose lemur, Monkey, Monkey lemur, Monochromacy, Monogamy, Monographic series, Monophyly, Mouse lemur, Mozambique Channel, Multi-male group, Museum, Myakka City, Florida, Nail (anatomy), Nasal cavity, Nectar, Nectarivore, New World monkey, New York Daily News, Niche differentiation, Nictitating membrane, Nocturnality, Non-governmental organization, Northern Hemisphere, Northern sportive lemur, Nosy Mangabe, Ocean current, Ocean gyre, Oceanic dispersal, Olfaction, Olfactory receptor, Omnivore, Opsin, Orbit (anatomy), Orthograde posture, Ovid, Owl, Paddy field, Pair bond, Palaeopropithecus, Paleocene, Paleogene, Paleontology, Palynivore, Parc Ivoloina, Pasture, Patricia Wright, PBS, Permanent teeth, Personal grooming, Pheromone, Philibert Commerson, Philippine flying lemur, Philopatry, Philtrum, Phylogenetic tree, Pierre Sonnerat, Placentation, Plate tectonics, Plica semilunaris of conjunctiva, Politics of Madagascar, Polymorphism (biology), Population dynamics, Population growth, Postorbital bar, Potto, Precipitation, Precocial, Prehensile tail, Primate, Promiscuity, Prosimian, R/K selection theory, Rainforest, Ranomafana National Park, Ravenala, Red lemur, Red ruffed lemur, Red slender loris, Red-bellied lemur, Red-tailed sportive lemur, Retina, Retinal summation, Rhinarium, Riboflavin, Richard Owen, Ring-tailed lemur, Ring-tailed lemur vocalizations, Robert Sussman, Rod cell, Rodent, Roman mythology, Ruffed lemur, Russell Mittermeier, Saint Louis Zoo, Salivary gland, Sap, Scent gland, Scrotum, Seasonal breeder, Seed dispersal, Seed predation, Senescence, Sexual dimorphism, Shrub, Sifaka, Simian, Slash-and-burn, Slender loris, Sloth, Sloth lemur, Snake, Social grooming, Sociality, Socioeconomics, Somatosensory system, Soul, Southern Hemisphere, Species complex, Species diversity, Species problem, Species reintroduction, Sperm competition, Sportive lemur, Squirrel, Stockholm, Stomach, Strepsirrhini, Strongylodon, Subfossil, Subfossil lemur, Sublingua, Subspecies, Substrate (biology), Systema Naturae, Systematics, Taboo, Tannin, Tapetum lucidum, Tarsier, Taxonomic inflation, Taxonomic rank, Taxonomy (biology), Tôlanaro, Temperate climate, Termite, Territory (animal), Testicle, The Globe and Mail, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates, Threatened species, Toamasina Province, Toe, Tongue, Tool use by animals, Tooth decay, Tooth enamel, Tooth eruption, Toothcomb, Torpor, Toxicodendron radicans, Toxoplasmosis, Tree, Trichromacy, True lemur, UNESCO, Ungulate, Urine, USA Today, Uterus, Vagina, Verreaux's sifaka, Vertebrate, Vertical clinging and leaping, Virgil, Visual acuity, Vitamin C, Vomeronasal organ, Vulnerable species, Weaning, Western culture, White adipose tissue, Whole genome sequencing, Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife corridor, William Diller Matthew, Woodpecker, Woody plant, Woolly lemur, World Heritage Committee, World Heritage site, World Wide Fund for Nature, Zoboomafoo, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 2009 Malagasy political crisis. Expand index (414 more) » « Shrink index

Abscess

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.

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Academic Press

Academic Press is an academic book publisher.

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Adapiformes

Adapiformes is an extinct group of early primates.

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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Afzelia

Afzelia is a genus in family Fabaceae (legumes).

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Agonistic behaviour

Agonistic behaviour is any social behaviour related to fighting.

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Alarm signal

In animal communication, an alarm signal is an antipredator adaptation in the form of signals emitted by social animals in response to danger.

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Albert Günther

Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther FRS, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther (3 October 1830 – 1 February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist.

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Alfred Grandidier

Alfred Grandidier (20 December 1836 – 13 September 1921) was a French naturalist and explorer.

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Alison Jolly

Alison Jolly (May 9, 1937 – February 6, 2014) was a primatologist, known for her studies of lemur biology.

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Alison Richard

Dame Alison Fettes Richard, DBE, DL (born 1 March 1948) is an English anthropologist, conservationist and university administrator.

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Alloparenting

Alloparenting (also referred to as alloparental care) is a term used to classify any form of parental care provided by an individual towards a non-descendent young.

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Alluaudia

Alluaudia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Didiereaceae.

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Alphonse Milne-Edwards

Alphonse Milne-Edwards (Paris, 13 October 1835 – Paris, 21 April 1900) was a French mammalologist, ornithologist and carcinologist.

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Altricial

In biology, altricial species are those in which the young are incapable of moving around on their own soon after hatching or being born.

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Ambatofinandrahana

Ambatofinandrahana is a town in Ambatofinandrahana District in central Madagascar It is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region.

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Ancestor

An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).

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Animal latrine

Animal latrines (latrine areas, animal toilets, defecation sites) are places where wildlife animals habitually defecate and urinate.

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Animal locomotion

Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.

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Animal Planet

Animal Planet is an American pay television channel owned by Discovery Inc. Originally focused on more educationally-based television shows, the network has featured more reality programming since 2008.

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Antananarivo

Antananarivo (French: Tananarive), also known by its colonial shorthand form Tana, is the capital and largest city of Madagascar.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Anthropologist

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.

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Ape

Apes (Hominoidea) are a branch of Old World tailless anthropoid primates native to Africa and Southeast Asia.

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Aquatic locomotion

Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.

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Aquila (genus)

Aquila is the genus of true eagles.

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Arboreal locomotion

Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees.

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Archaeoindris

Archaeoindris fontoynontii is an extinct giant lemur and the largest primate known to have evolved on Madagascar, comparable in size to a male gorilla.

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Atelidae

The Atelidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised.

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Axilla

The axilla (also, armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.

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Aye-aye

The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a lemur, a strepsirrhine primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger.

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Étienne de Flacourt

Étienne de Flacourt (1607–1660) was a French governor of Madagascar, born at Orléans in 1607.

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Babakotia

Babakotia is an extinct genus of medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that contains a single species, Babakotia radofilai.

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Baboon

Baboons are Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae which are found natively in very specific areas of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Bamboo lemur

The bamboo or gentle lemurs are the lemurs in genus Hapalemur.

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Bark (botany)

Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants.

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Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

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Basal metabolic rate

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.

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Bat

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight.

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Beilschmiedia

Beilschmiedia is a genus of trees and shrubs in family Lauraceae.

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Berenty Reserve

Berenty Reserve is a small private reserve of gallery forest along the Mandrare River, set in the semi-arid spiny forest ecoregion of the far south of Madagascar.

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Betampona Reserve

Betampona Reserve is a nature reserve in Toamasina Province of Madagascar.

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Binomial nomenclature

Binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system") also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Biodiversity hotspot

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction.

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Biological dispersal

Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site to their breeding site ('natal dispersal'), as well as the movement from one breeding site to another ('breeding dispersal').

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Bird of prey

A bird of prey, predatory bird, or raptor is any of several species of bird that hunts and feeds on rodents and other animals.

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Birth

Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring.

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Black-and-white ruffed lemur

The black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) is an Endangered species of the ruffed lemur population, the more endangered one of two which are endemic to the island of Madagascar.

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Blue-eyed black lemur

The blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons), also known as the Sclater's lemur, is a species of true lemur.

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Brain-to-body mass ratio

Brain-to-body mass ratio, also known as the brain-to-body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases.

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Bugtilemur

Bugtilemur is an extinct genus of Strepsirhine primate belonging to the adapiform family Ekgmowechashalidae.It is represented by only one species, B. mathesoni, which was found in the Chitarwata Formation of Pakistan.

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Bushmeat

Bushmeat, wildmeat, or game meat is meat from non-domesticated mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds hunted for food in tropical forests.

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Cabinet of curiosities

Cabinets of curiosities (also known in German loanwords as Kunstkabinett, Kunstkammer or Wunderkammer; also Cabinets of Wonder, and wonder-rooms) were encyclopedic collections of objects whose categorical boundaries were, in Renaissance Europe, yet to be defined.

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Canarium

Canarium is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family Burseraceae.

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Canine tooth

In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.

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Canopy (biology)

In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns.

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Captive breeding

Captive breeding is the process of maintaining plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, botanic gardens, and other conservation facilities.

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.

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Catarrhini

Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the simians, the other being the plathyrrhine (New World monkeys).

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Cathariostachys madagascariensis

Cathariostachys madagascariensis, the Madagascar giant bamboo or Volohosy in Malagasy language, is a bamboo species found in Madagascar.

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Cathemerality

Cathemerality, sometimes called metaturnality, is the behaviour in which an organism has sporadic and random intervals of activity during the day or night in which food is acquired, socializing with other organisms occurs, and any other activities necessary for livelihood are performed.

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Cecum

The cecum or caecum (plural ceca; from the Latin caecus meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine.

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Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

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Charcoal

Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.

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Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major

Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major (15 August 1843, Glasgow – 25 March 1923, Munich) was a Swiss zoologist and vertebrate palaeontologist.

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Cheirogaleidae

The Cheirogaleidae are the family of strepsirrhine primates containing the various dwarf and mouse lemurs.

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Chronobiology

Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms.

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CITES

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals.

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Clade

A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

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Cladistics

Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.

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Claw

A claw is a curved, pointed appendage, found at the end of a toe or finger in most amniotes (mammals, reptiles, birds).

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Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

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Colin Groves

Colin Peter Groves (24 June 1942 – 30 November 2017) was Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

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Colloquialism

Everyday language, everyday speech, common parlance, informal language, colloquial language, general parlance, or vernacular (but this has other meanings too), is the most used variety of a language, which is usually employed in conversation or other communication in informal situations.

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Color vision

Color vision is the ability of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.

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Common brown lemur

The common brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus), is a species of lemur in the family Lemuridae.

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Competition (biology)

Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed.

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Cone cell

Cone cells, or cones, are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye).

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Conservation International

Conservation International (CI) is an American nonprofit environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.

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Conservation movement

The conservation movement, also known as nature conservation, is a political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including animal and plant species as well as their habitat for the future.

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Coquerel's giant mouse lemur

Coquerel's giant mouse lemur (Mirza coquereli), also known as Coquerel's dwarf lemur or the southern giant mouse lemur, is a small nocturnal lemur endemic to Madagascar.

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Coquerel's sifaka

The Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) is a diurnal, medium-sized lemur of the sifaka genus Propithecus.

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Cornea

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

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Crepuscular animal

Crepuscular animals are those that are active primarily during twilight (that is, the periods of dawn and dusk).

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Critically endangered

A critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

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Crocodile

Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.

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Crowned lemur

The crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) is a lemur that is long and weighs.

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Crypsis

In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals.

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Cryptoprocta spelea

Cryptoprocta spelea, also known as the giant fossa, is an extinct species of carnivore from Madagascar in the family Eupleridae, which is most closely related to the mongooses and includes all Malagasy carnivorans.

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Cyanide

A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the group C≡N.

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Cyclone

In meteorology, a cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.

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Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis.

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David Attenborough

Sir David Frederick Attenborough (born 8 May 1926) is an English broadcaster and naturalist.

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Deciduous teeth

Deciduous teeth, commonly known as baby teeth and temporary teeth,Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255 are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and other diphyodont mammals.

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Defecation

Defecation is the final act of digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material from the digestive tract via the anus.

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Deforestation

Deforestation, clearance, or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

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Dental pad

The dental pad or browsing pad is a feature of ruminant dental anatomy that results from a lack of upper incisors and helps them gather large quantities of grass and other plant matter.

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Dentition

Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth.

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Diademed sifaka

The diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), or diademed simpona, is an endangered species of sifaka, one of the lemurs endemic to certain rainforests in eastern Madagascar.

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Dichromacy

Dichromacy (di meaning "two" and chroma meaning "color") is the state of having two types of functioning color receptors, called cone cells, in the eyes.

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Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

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Digit (anatomy)

A digit is one of several most distal parts of a limb, such as fingers or toes, present in many vertebrates.

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Diurnality

Diurnality is a form of plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of sleeping, or other inactivity, at night.

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Documentary film

A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Dominance (ethology)

Dominance in ethology is an "individual's preferential access to resources over another." Dominance in the context of biology and anthropology is the state of having high social status relative to one or more other individuals, who react submissively to dominant individuals.

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Dormancy

Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.

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Drama (film and television)

In reference to film and television, drama is a genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone.

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Duke Lemur Center

The Duke Lemur Center houses nearly 240 rare and endangered prosimian primates and constitutes the world’s largest and most diverse population of lemurs outside their native Madagascar.

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Durban

Durban (eThekwini, from itheku meaning "bay/lagoon") is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and the third most populous in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town.

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Durham, North Carolina

Durham is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust

Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is a conservation organization with a mission to save species from extinction.

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Dwarf lemur

The dwarf lemurs are the lemurs of the genus Cheirogaleus.

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Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

The eastern lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus), also known as the gray bamboo lemur, the gray gentle lemur, and the Mahajanga lemur is a small lemur endemic to Madagascar, with three known subspecies.

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Ecological niche

In ecology, a niche (CanE, or) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions.

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Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.

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Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism.

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Elwyn L. Simons

Elwyn LaVerne Simons (July 14, 1930 – March 6, 2016) was an American paleontologist, paleozoologist, and a wildlife conservationist for primates.

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Encephalization

Encephalization is defined as the amount of brain mass related to an animal's total body mass.

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Endangered species

An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.

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Endemism

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

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Eocene

The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.

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Epiphyte

An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.

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Epizootic

In epizoology, an epizootic (from Greek: epi- upon + zoon animal) is a disease event in a nonhuman animal population, analogous to an epidemic in humans.

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Ernst Schwarz

Ernst Schwarz (1 December 1889 – 23 September 1962) was a German zoologist, mammalogist, and herpetologist.

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Estrous cycle

The estrous cycle or oestrus cycle (derived from Latin oestrus 'frenzy', originally from Greek οἶστρος oîstros 'gadfly') is the recurring physiological changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian therian females.

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Eupleridae

Eupleridae is a family of carnivorans endemic to Madagascar and comprising 10 known living species in seven genera, commonly known as euplerids, or Malagasy mongooses.

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Evolution of color vision in primates

The evolution of color vision in primates is unique compared to most eutherian mammals.

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Evolution of lemurs

The evolutionary history of lemurs occurred in isolation from other primates, on the island of Madagascar, for at least 40 million years.

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Evolutionary Anthropology (journal)

Evolutionary Anthropology is a review journal of anthropology.

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Evolutionary ecology

Evolutionary ecology lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology.

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Exorcism

Exorcism (from Greek εξορκισμός, exorkismós "binding by oath") is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that are believed to be possessed.

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Exotic pet

An exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal pet, or an animal kept within human households which is generally thought of as a wild species not typically kept as a pet.

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Facial expression

A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face.

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Fady (taboo)

Fady, in Malagasy culture, refers to a wide range of cultural prohibitions or taboos.

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Feral cat

A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.

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Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.

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Fern

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fianarantsoa Province

Fianarantsoa Province is a former province of Madagascar.

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Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.

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Field research

Field research or fieldwork is the collection of information outside a laboratory, library or workplace setting.

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Firewood

Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel.

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Fission–fusion society

In ethology, a fission–fusion society is one in which the size and composition of the social group change as time passes and animals move throughout the environment; animals merge into a group (fusion)—e.g. sleeping in one place—or split (fission)—e.g. foraging in small groups during the day.

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Flagship species

In conservation biology, a flagship species is a species chosen to raise support for biodiversity conservation in a given place or social context.

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Flora

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.

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Folivore

In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves.

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Forelimb

A forelimb is an anterior limb (arm, leg, or similar appendage) on a terrestrial vertebrate's body.

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Fork-marked lemur

Fork-marked lemurs or fork-crowned lemurs are strepsirrhine primates; the four species comprise the genus Phaner.

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Fossa (animal)

The fossa (or; Malagasy; Cryptoprocta ferox) is a cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar.

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Fovea centralis

The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye.

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Frond

A frond is a large, divided leaf.

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Frugivore

A frugivore is a fruit eater.

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Galago

Galagos, also known as bushbabies, bush babies, or nagapies (meaning "little night monkeys" in Afrikaans), are small nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae).

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Game theory

Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers".

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Geophagia

Geophagia, also known as geophagy, is the practice of eating earth or soil-like substrates such as clay or chalk.

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George Edwards (naturalist)

George Edwards (3 April 1694 – 23 July 1773) was an English naturalist and ornithologist, known as the "father of British ornithology".

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George Gaylord Simpson

George Gaylord Simpson (June 16, 1902 – October 6, 1984) was a US paleontologist.

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Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopédiste.

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Germination

Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.

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Gestation

Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals.

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Giant aye-aye

The giant aye-aye (Daubentonia robusta) is an extinct relative of the aye-aye, the only other species in the genus Daubentonia.

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Giant mouse lemur

The giant mouse lemurs (members of the genus Mirza) are a genus of strepsirrhine primates.

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Gibbon

Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae.

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Golden bamboo lemur

The golden bamboo lemur (Hapalemur aureus, Malagasy bokombolomena) is a medium-sized bamboo lemur endemic to south-eastern Madagascar.

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Golden-brown mouse lemur

The golden-brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis), also known as the Lac Ravelobe mouse lemur or the Ravelobe mouse lemur, is part of the family, Cheirogaleidae.

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Golden-crowned sifaka

The golden-crowned sifaka or Tattersall's sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) is a medium-sized lemur characterized by mostly white fur, prominent furry ears, and a golden-orange crown.

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Gondwana

Gondwana, or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago).

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Goodman's mouse lemur

Goodman's mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara) is a species of mouse lemur from the region near Andasibe in eastern Madagascar.

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Gorilla

Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Grassland

Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae); however, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs.

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Gray mouse lemur

The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), grey mouse lemur or lesser mouse lemur, is a small lemur, a type of strepsirrhine primate, found only on the island of Madagascar.

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Gray-headed lemur

The gray-headed lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps), or gray-headed brown lemur, is a medium-sized primate, a cathemeral species of lemur in the family Lemuridae.

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Greater bamboo lemur

The greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus), also known as the broad-nosed bamboo lemur and the broad-nosed gentle lemur, is the largest bamboo lemur, at over five pounds or nearly 2.5 kilograms.

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Grooming claw

A grooming claw (or toilet claw) is the specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming.

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Gut flora

Gut flora, or gut microbiota, or gastrointestinal microbiota, is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects.

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Habitat destruction

Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered unable to support the species present.

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Hadropithecus

Hadropithecus is a medium-sized, extinct genus of lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes a single species, Hadropithecus stenognathus.

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Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

The hairy-eared dwarf lemur (Allocebus trichotis), or hairy-eared mouse lemur, is one of the most scarcely known lemurs.

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Haplorhini

Haplorhini (the haplorhines or the "dry-nosed" primates, the Greek name means "simple-nosed") is a suborder of primates containing the tarsiers and the simians (Simiiformes or anthropoids), as sister of the Strepsirrhini.

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Hard palate

The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

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Hardwood

Hardwood is wood from dicot trees.

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Hemosiderosis

Hemosiderosis (AmE) or haemosiderosis (BrE) is a form of iron overload disorder resulting in the accumulation of hemosiderin.

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Herb

In general use, herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, in medicine, or as fragrances.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans.

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Heterodont

In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning "different teeth") is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology.

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Hibernation

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms.

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Hindlimb

A hindlimb is a posterior limb on an animal, especially the quadrupeds.

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Home range

A home range is the area in which an animal lives and moves on a periodic basis.

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Human digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

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Human evolution

Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.

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Hypothesis

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

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Ian Tattersall

No description.

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Illegal logging in Madagascar

Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption.

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Incisive foramen

In the human mouth, the incisive foramen, also called anterior palatine foramen, or nasopalatine foramen is a funnel-shaped opening in the bone of the oral hard palate immediately behind the incisor teeth where blood vessels and nerves pass.

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Incisor

Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.

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Indian Plate

The Indian Plate or India Plate is a major tectonic plate straddling the equator in the eastern hemisphere.

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Indri

The indri (Indri indri), also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-and-body length of about and a weight of between.

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Indriidae

The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates.

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Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

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Insectivore

robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous plant or animal that eats insects.

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Institution

Institutions are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior".

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International Primatological Society

The International Primatological Society (IPS) is a scientific, educational, and charitable organization focused on non-human primates.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

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Intsia bijuga

Intsia bijuga (commonly known as Borneo teak, Johnstone River teak, Moluccan ironwood, Pacific teak and scrub mahogany) is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, native to the Indo-Pacific.

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Iron overload

Iron overload (variously known as haemochromatosis, hemochromatosis, hemochromocytosis, Celtic curse, Irish illness, British gene, Scottish sickness and bronzing diabetes) indicates accumulation of iron in the body from any cause.

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IUCN Red List

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, has evolved to become the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.

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James Petiver

James Petiver (c. 1665 – c. 2 April 1718) was a London apothecary, a fellow of the Royal Society as well as London's informal Temple Coffee House Botany Club, famous for his specimen collections in which he traded and study of botany and entomology.

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Jean-Jacques Petter

Jean-Jacques Petter was a French primatologist known for his studies of lemurs and his conservation work in Madagascar.

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Johann Maria Hildebrandt

Johann Maria Hildebrandt (born 13 or 19 March 1847; died 29 May 1881) was a German explorer, collector, and scientist.

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John Buettner-Janusch

John Buettner-Janusch (December 7, 1924 – July 2, 1992), often called "B-J", was an American physical anthropologist who pioneered the application of molecular evolution methods, such as protein sequence comparison, to the field of primate evolution.

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John Edward Gray

John Edward Gray, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist.

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Jumping

Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.

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Keystone species

A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

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Kinematics

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.

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Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

The Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis), also known as the Lac Alaotra gentle lemur, Alaotran bamboo lemur, Alaotran gentle lemur, or locally as the bandro, is a bamboo lemur.

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Lactation

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.

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Late Pleistocene

The Late Pleistocene is a geochronological age of the Pleistocene Epoch and is associated with Upper Pleistocene or Tarantian stage Pleistocene series rocks.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Least-concern species

A least concern (LC) species is a species which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated but not qualified for any other category.

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Legume

A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae).

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Lemur Conservation Foundation

The Lemur Conservation Foundation (LCF) is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and conservation of the primates of Madagascar through managed breeding, scientific research, education, and art.

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Lemur Street

Lemur Street is a British television show produced by Oxford Scientific Films for Animal Planet International which is based on the successful format of Meerkat Manor.

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Lemures

The lemures were shades or spirits of the restless or malignant dead in Roman mythology, and are probably cognate with an extended sense of larvae (from Latin larva, "mask") as disturbing or frightening.

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Lemuria (festival)

The Lemuralia or Lemuria was a feast in the religion of ancient Rome during which the Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes.

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Lemuridae

Lemuridae is a family of strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar, and the Comoros Islands.

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Lemuriformes

Lemuriformes is an infraorder of primate that falls under the suborder Strepsirrhini.

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Lemurs' Park

Lemurs' Park (also known locally as Parc de lémuriens à Madagascar) is a small botanical garden and lemur reserve covering, and is located southwest of Antananarivo, Madagascar.

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Liana

A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest.

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List of lemur species

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar.

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List of mammalian gestation durations

No description.

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Local extinction

Local extinction or extirpation is the condition of a species (or other taxon) that ceases to exist in the chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere.

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Loris

Loris is the common name for the strepsirrhine primates of the subfamily Lorinae (sometimes spelled Lorisinae) in the family Lorisidae.

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Lorisidae

Lorisidae (or sometimes Loridae) is a family of strepsirrhine primates.

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Lorisoidea

Lorisoidea is a superfamily of nocturnal primates found throughout Africa and Asia.

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Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton

Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton (29 May 1716 – 1 January 1800) was a French naturalist and contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers.

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Madagascan harrier-hawk

The Madagascan harrier-hawk (Polyboroides radiatus) is a very large species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

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Madagascar

Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.

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Madagascar (2005 film)

Madagascar is a 2005 American computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and released to theaters on May 27, 2005.

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Madagascar buzzard

The Madagascar buzzard (Buteo brachypterus) is a bird of prey which is endemic to Madagascar.

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Madagascar dry deciduous forests

The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar.

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Madagascar Fauna Group

The Madagascar Fauna Group or MFG is an international consortium of zoos and other conservation agencies which pool resources to help conserve animal species in Madagascar, through captive breeding programs, field research programs, training programs for rangers and wardens, and acquisition and protection of native habitat in Madagascar.

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Madagascar National Parks

Madagascar National Parks, formerly known as l'Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées (ANGAP), is charged with managing a network of protected areas in Madagascar.

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Madagascar spiny forests

The Madagascar spiny forests (also known as the Madagascar spiny thickets) is an ecoregion in the southwest of Madagascar.

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Madame Berthe's mouse lemur

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae) or Berthe's mouse lemur is the smallest of the mouse lemurs and the smallest primate in the world; the average body length is and seasonal weight is around.

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Malagasy crowned eagle

The Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery), also known as the Madagascar crowned hawk-eagle, was a large bird of prey, comparable in size to the African crowned eagle, that inhabited Madagascar until 1500 AD.

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Mammalogy

In zoology, mammalogy is the study of mammals – a class of vertebrates with characteristics such as homeothermic metabolism, fur, four-chambered hearts, and complex nervous systems.

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Mandible

The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.

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Mangrove

A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.

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Marc Ravalomanana

Marc Ravalomanana, GCSK (born 12 December 1949) is a Malagasy politician who was the President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009.

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Marolambo

Marolambo is a village and commune (kaominina) located in the Atsinanana region of eastern Madagascar.

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Marsupial

Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia.

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Masoala fork-marked lemur

The Masoala fork-marked lemur (Phaner furcifer), also known as the eastern fork-marked lemur or Masoala fork-crowned lemur, is a species of lemur found in the coastal forests of northeastern Madagascar.

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Mating

In biology, mating (or mateing in British English) is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

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Mating plug

A mating plug in a female Richardson's ground squirrel (''Spermophilus richardsonii'') A mating plug, also known as a copulation plug, sperm plug, vaginal plug, sement or sphragis (Latin, from Greek σφραγίδα 'sfragida' a seal), is gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species.

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Maxilla

The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Megaladapis

Megaladapis, informally known as koala lemur, is an extinct genus belonging to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of three extinct species of lemurs that once inhabited the island of Madagascar.

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Menagerie

A menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoological garden.

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Mesopropithecus

Mesopropithecus is an extinct genus of small to medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes three species, M. dolichobrachion, M. globiceps, and M. pithecoides.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Milne-Edwards' sifaka

Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi), or Milne-Edwards' simpona, is a large arboreal, diurnal lemur endemic to the eastern coastal rainforest of Madagascar.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Mobbing (animal behavior)

Mobbing in animals is an antipredator adaptation in which individuals of prey species mob a predator by cooperatively attacking or harassing it, usually to protect their offspring.

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Molecular genetics

Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.

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Molecular phylogenetics

Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominately in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.

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Mongoose lemur

The mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz) is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and the Comoros Islands.

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Monkey

Monkeys are non-hominoid simians, generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.

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Monkey lemur

The monkey lemurs or baboon lemurs (Archaeolemuridae) are a recently extinct family of lemurs known from skeletal remains from sites on Madagascar dated to 1000 to 3000 years ago.

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Monochromacy

Monochromacy (from Greek mono, meaning "one "and chromo, meaning "color") is the ability of organisms or machines to distinguish only one single frequency of the electromagnetic light spectrum.

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Monogamy

Monogamy is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime — alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) — as compared to non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).

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Monographic series

Monographic series (alternatively, monographs in series) are scholarly and scientific books released in successive volumes, each of which is structured like a separate book or scholarly monograph.

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Monophyly

In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.

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Mouse lemur

The mouse lemurs are nocturnal lemurs of the genus Microcebus.

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Mozambique Channel

The Mozambique Channel (Canal du Mozambique, Lakandranon'i Mozambika, Canal de Moçambique) is an arm of the Indian Ocean located between the Southeast African countries of Madagascar and Mozambique.

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Multi-male group

Multi-male groups, also known as multi-male/multi-female, are a type of social organization where the group contains more than one adult male, more than one adult female, and offspring.

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Museum

A museum (plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

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Myakka City, Florida

Myakka City (also Myakka) is an unincorporated community in southeastern Manatee County, Florida, United States.

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Nail (anatomy)

A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in most primates and a few other mammals.

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Nasal cavity

The nasal cavity (nasal fossa, or nasal passage) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

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Nectar

Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection.

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Nectarivore

In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants.

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New World monkey

New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Central and South America and Mexico: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.

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New York Daily News

The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City.

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Niche differentiation

The term niche differentiation (synonymous with niche segregation, niche separation and niche partitioning), as it applies to the field of ecology, refers to the process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist.

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Nictitating membrane

The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus for protection and to moisten it while maintaining vision.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Northern sportive lemur

The northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis), also known as the Sahafary sportive lemur or northern weasel lemur, is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae.

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Nosy Mangabe

Nosy Mangabe is a small island reserve located in Antongil Bay about 2 km offshore from the town of Maroantsetra in north-east Madagascar.

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Ocean current

An ocean current is a seasonal directed movement of sea water generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbing, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.

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Ocean gyre

In oceanography, a gyre is any large system of circulating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements.

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Oceanic dispersal

Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Olfactory receptor

Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (i.e., compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.

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Omnivore

Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.

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Opsin

Opsins are a group of proteins, made light-sensitive, via the chromophore retinal found in photoreceptor cells of the retina.

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Orbit (anatomy)

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

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Orthograde posture

Orthograde is a term derived from (Greek ὀρθός, orthos ("right", "true", "straight") + Latin gradi (to walk) that describes a manner of walking which is upright, with the independent motion of limbs. Both New and Old World monkeys are primarily arboreal, and they have a tendency to walk with their limbs swinging in parallel to one another. This differs from the manner of walking demonstrated by the apes. Chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans, when walking, walk upright, and their limbs swing in opposition to one another for balance (unlike monkeys, apes lack a tail to use for balance). Disadvantages related to upright walking do exist for primates, since their primary mode of locomotion is quadrupedalism. This upright locomotion is called "orthograde posture". Orthograde posture in humans was made possible through millions of years of evolution. In order to walk upright with maximum efficiency, the skull, spine, pelvis, lower limbs, and feet all underwent evolutionary changes.

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Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

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Owl

Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes, which includes about 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight.

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Paddy field

A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice.

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Pair bond

In biology, a pair bond is the strong affinity that develops in some species between a pair consisting of a male and female, or in some cases as a same-sex pairing, potentially leading to producing offspring and/or a lifelong bond.

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Palaeopropithecus

Palaeopropithecus was one of three recently extinct genera of sloth lemur that was found on Madagascar, and were closely related to living lemur species found there today.

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Paleocene

The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.

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Paleogene

The Paleogene (also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya.

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Paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Palynivore

In zoology, a palynivore is an herbivorous animal which selectively eats the nutrient-rich pollen produced by angiosperms and gymnosperms.

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Parc Ivoloina

Parc Ivoloina (eev’-uh-lah-ween) is a recreational and educational zoological park home to lemurs, reptiles, amphibians, and other native Malagasy species near the city of Toamasina in eastern Madagascar.

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Pasture

Pasture (from the Latin pastus, past participle of pascere, "to feed") is land used for grazing.

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Patricia Wright

Patricia Chapple Wright (born September 10, 1944) is an American primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Permanent teeth

Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals.

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Personal grooming

Personal grooming (also called preening) is the art of cleaning, grooming, and maintaining parts of the body.

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Pheromone

A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.

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Philibert Commerson

Philibert Commerson (18 November 1727 – 13 March 1773), sometimes spelled Commerçon by contemporaries, was a French naturalist, best known for accompanying Louis Antoine de Bougainville on his voyage of circumnavigation in 1766–1769.

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Philippine flying lemur

The Philippine flying lemur or Philippine colugo (Cynocephalus volans), known locally as kagwang, is one of two species of colugo or "flying lemurs".

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Philopatry

Philopatry is the tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area.

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Philtrum

The philtrum (philtrum, φίλτρον philtron, lit. "love charm"), or medial cleft, is a vertical indentation in the middle area of the upper lip, common to many mammals, extending in humans from the nasal septum to the tubercle of the upper lip.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Pierre Sonnerat

Pierre Sonnerat (18 August 1748 – 31 March 1814) was a French naturalist and explorer.

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Placentation

In biology, placentation refers to the formation, type and structure, or arrangement of the placenta.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

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Plica semilunaris of conjunctiva

The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye.

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Politics of Madagascar

Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Polymorphism (biology)

Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

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Population dynamics

Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems, and the biological and environmental processes driving them (such as birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration).

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Population growth

In biology or human geography, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

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Postorbital bar

The postorbital bar (or postorbital bone) is a bony arched structure that connects the frontal bone of the skull to the zygomatic arch, which runs laterally around the eye socket.

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Potto

The potto (Perodicticus potto) is a strepsirrhine primate of the family Lorisidae.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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Precocial

In biology, precocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching.

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Prehensile tail

A prehensile tail is the tail of an animal that has adapted to be able to grasp or hold objects.

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Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").

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Promiscuity

Promiscuity is the practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners or being indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners.

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Prosimian

Prosimians are a group of primates that includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorisoids, and adapiforms), as well as the haplorhine tarsiers and their extinct relatives, the omomyiforms, i.e. all primates excluding the simians.

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R/K selection theory

In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between, and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

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Ranomafana National Park

Ranomafana National Park is in the southeastern part of Madagascar in Haute Matsiatra and Vatovavy-Fitovinany.

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Ravenala

Ravenala is a genus of flowering plants with a single species, Ravenala madagascariensis, commonly known as traveller's tree or traveller's palm, from Madagascar.

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Red lemur

The red lemur (Eulemur rufus), also known as the rufous brown lemur or northern red-fronted lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar.

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Red ruffed lemur

The red ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) is one of two species in the genus Varecia, the ruffed lemurs; the other is the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata).

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Red slender loris

The red slender loris (Loris tardigradus) is a small, nocturnal strepsirrhine primate native to the rainforests of Sri Lanka.

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Red-bellied lemur

The red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer) is a medium-sized strepsirrhine primate with a luxuriant chestnut brown coat.

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Red-tailed sportive lemur

The red-tailed sportive lemur (Lepilemur ruficaudatus), or red-tailed weasel lemur, is native to Madagascar like all lemurs.

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Retina

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinal summation

Retinal summation describes the relationship between different types of cells in the retina: cone photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.

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Rhinarium

The rhinarium (New Latin, "belonging to the nose"; plural: rhinaria) is the naked skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in most mammals.

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Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Richard Owen

Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and paleontologist.

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Ring-tailed lemur

The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail.

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Ring-tailed lemur vocalizations

The ring-tailed lemur has a complex array of distinct vocalizations used to maintain group cohesion during foraging and alert group members to the presence of a predator.

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Robert Sussman

Robert Wald Sussman (July 4, 1941 – June 8, 2016) was an American anthropologist and professor at Washington University in St. Louis.

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Rod cell

Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.

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Rodent

Rodents (from Latin rodere, "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.

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Roman mythology

Roman mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans.

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Ruffed lemur

The ruffed lemurs of the genus Varecia are strepsirrhine primates and the largest extant lemurs within the family Lemuridae.

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Russell Mittermeier

Russell Alan Mittermeier (born November 8, 1949) is a primatologist and herpetologist.

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Saint Louis Zoo

The Saint Louis Zoological Park, commonly known as the Saint Louis Zoo, is in Forest Park in St. Louis, Missouri.

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Salivary gland

The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts.

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Sap

Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.

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Scent gland

Scent glands are exocrine glands found in most mammals.

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Scrotum

The scrotum is an anatomical male reproductive structure that consists of a suspended dual-chambered sack of skin and smooth muscle that is present in most terrestrial male mammals and located under the penis.

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Seasonal breeder

Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year.

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Seed dispersal

Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.

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Seed predation

Seed predation, often referred to as granivory, is a type of plant-animal interaction in which granivores (seed predators) feed on the seeds of plants as a main or exclusive food source,Hulme, P.E. and Benkman, C.W. (2002) "Granivory", pp.

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Senescence

Senescence or biological ageing is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.

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Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant.

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Sifaka

Sifakas (singular "sifaka") are a genus (Propithecus) of lemur from the family Indriidae within the order Primates.

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Simian

The simians (infraorder Simiiformes) are monkeys and apes, cladistically including: the New World monkeys or platyrrhines, and the catarrhine clade consisting of the Old World monkeys and apes (including humans).

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Slash-and-burn

Slash-and-burn agriculture, or fire–fallow cultivation, is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

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Slender loris

Slender lorises (Loris) are a genus of loris native to India and Sri Lanka.

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Sloth

Sloths are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rainforests of South America and Central America.

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Sloth lemur

The sloth lemurs (Palaeopropithecidae) comprise an extinct clade of lemurs that includes four genera.

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Snake

Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.

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Social grooming

Social grooming is a behaviour in which social animals, including humans, clean or maintain one another's body or appearance.

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Sociality

Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (Gregariousness) and form cooperative societies.

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Socioeconomics

Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes.

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Somatosensory system

The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.

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Soul

In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Species complex

In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related species that are very similar in appearance to the point that the boundaries between them are often unclear.

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Species diversity

Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset).

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Species problem

The species problem is the set of questions that arises when biologists attempt to define what a species is.

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Species reintroduction

Species reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas where the organism is capable of survival.

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Sperm competition

Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction.

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Sportive lemur

The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae.

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Squirrel

Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

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Strepsirrhini

Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos, ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia.

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Strongylodon

Strongylodon is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae.

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Subfossil

A subfossil (as opposed to a fossil) is a bone or other part of an organism that has not fully fossilized.

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Subfossil lemur

Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago to approximately 560 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene).

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Sublingua

The sublingua ("under-tongue") is a muscular secondary tongue found below the primary tongue in tarsiers and living strepsirrhine primates, which includes lemurs and lorisoids (collectively called "lemuriforms").

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Subspecies

In biological classification, the term subspecies refers to a unity of populations of a species living in a subdivision of the species’s global range and varies from other populations of the same species by morphological characteristics.

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Substrate (biology)

In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.

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Systema Naturae

(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.

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Systematics

Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.

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Taboo

In any given society, a taboo is an implicit prohibition or strong discouragement against something (usually against an utterance or behavior) based on a cultural feeling that it is either too repulsive or dangerous, or, perhaps, too sacred for ordinary people.

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Tannin

Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids.

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Tapetum lucidum

The tapetum lucidum (Latin: "bright tapestry; coverlet", plural tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates.

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Tarsier

Tarsiers are any haplorrhine primates of the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes.

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Taxonomic inflation

Taxonomic inflation is a pejorative term for what is perceived to be an excessive increase in the number of recognised taxa in a given context, due not to the discovery of new taxa but rather to putatively arbitrary changes to how taxa are delineated.

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Taxonomic rank

In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Tôlanaro

Tôlanaro or Tolagnaro (Tôlan̈aro) is a city (commune urbaine) on the southeast coast of Madagascar.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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Termite

Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.

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Territory (animal)

In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (or, occasionally, animals of other species).

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Testicle

The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.

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The Globe and Mail

The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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The Washington Times

The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper that covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on American politics.

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The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates

The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates is a list of highly endangered primate species selected and published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN/SSC PSG), the International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI).

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Threatened species

Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.

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Toamasina Province

The Toamasina Province is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 71,911 km².

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Toe

Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod.

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Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.

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Tool use by animals

Tool use by animals is a phenomenon in which an animal uses any kind of tool in order to achieve a goal such as acquiring food and water, grooming, defense, recreation or construction.

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Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.

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Tooth enamel

Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many other animals, including some species of fish.

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Tooth eruption

Tooth eruption is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.

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Toothcomb

A toothcomb (also tooth comb or dental comb) is a dental structure found in some mammals, comprising a group of front teeth arranged in a manner that facilitates grooming, similar to a hair comb.

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Torpor

Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually by a reduced body temperature and metabolic rate.

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Toxicodendron radicans

Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is a poisonous Asian and Eastern North American flowering plant that is well-known for causing urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash, in most people who touch it.

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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

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Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.

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Trichromacy

Trichromacy or trichromatism is the possessing of three independent channels for conveying color information, derived from the three different types of cone cells in the eye.

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True lemur

True lemurs, also known as brown lemurs, are the lemurs in genus Eulemur.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Ungulate

Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Uterus

The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.

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Vagina

In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract.

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Verreaux's sifaka

Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi), or the white sifaka, is a medium-sized primate in one of the lemur families, the Indriidae.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Vertical clinging and leaping

Vertical clinging and leaping is a type of arboreal locomotion seen most commonly among the strepsirrhine primates, and particularly the members of the family Indriidae.

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Virgil

Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.

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Visual acuity

Visual acuity (VA) commonly refers to the clarity of vision.

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Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Vomeronasal organ

The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or the Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals.

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Vulnerable species

A vulnerable species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as likely to become endangered unless the circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improve.

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Weaning

Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant mammal to what will be its adult diet and withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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White adipose tissue

White adipose tissue (WAT) or white fat is one of the two types of adipose tissue found in mammals.

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Whole genome sequencing

Whole genome sequencing (also known as WGS, full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing) is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.

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Wildlife Conservation Society

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) was founded in 1895 as the New York Zoological Society (NYZS) and currently works to conserve more than two million square miles of wild places around the world.

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Wildlife corridor

A wildlife corridor, habitat corridor, or green corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures (such as roads, development, or logging).

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William Diller Matthew

William Diller Matthew FRS (February 19, 1871 – September 24, 1930) was a vertebrate paleontologist who worked primarily on mammal fossils, although he also published a few early papers on mineralogy, petrological geology, one on botany, one on trilobites, and he described Tetraceratops insignis, which was much later suggested to be the oldest known (Early Permian) therapsid.

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Woodpecker

Woodpeckers are part of the family Picidae, a group of near-passerine birds that also consist of piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers.

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Woody plant

A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue.

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Woolly lemur

The woolly lemurs, also known as avahis or woolly indris, are nine species of strepsirrhine primates in the genus Avahi.

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World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, monitors the state of conservation of the World Heritage properties, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World Wide Fund for Nature

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961, working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and the reduction of human impact on the environment.

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Zoboomafoo

Zoboomafoo is an American-Canadian children's television series that originally aired on PBS from January 25, 1999 to November 21, 2001.

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10th edition of Systema Naturae

The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.

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2009 Malagasy political crisis

The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina, which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency.

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Redirects here:

Lemuriens, Lemuroid, Lemuroidea, Lemurs, Lemurs of Madagascar, Reproductive behavior of lemurs, Sexual behavior of lemurs.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemur

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