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Lepidoptera

Index Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). [1]

502 relations: Actias luna, Adaptive radiation, Afrotropical realm, Agasicles hygrophila, Agathiphaga, Agathiphaga queenslandensis, Agathiphaga vitiensis, Agathis, Agriculture, Alternanthera philoxeroides, American painted lady, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Amphibian, Amphiesmenoptera, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov, Animal navigation, Annual Reviews (publisher), Ant, Antarctica, Antenna (biology), Antheraea, Anthropomorphism, Aphrissa statira, Apollo (butterfly), Aposematism, Aquatic animal, Aquatic plant, Archaeolepis, Arcola malloi, Arctiinae (moth), Asphyxia, Asthma, Atopy, Attacus atlas, Australasian realm, Australia, Australian Faunal Directory, Automimicry, Autotroph, Aztecs, Bagworm moth, Baltic amber, Bamboo, Basal (phylogenetics), Basal metabolic rate, Bat, Batesian mimicry, Bee, ..., Beetle, Beondegi, Biogeographic realm, Biological interaction, Biological life cycle, Bird, Bird nest, Birdwing, Biscuit, Bleeding, Blepharipa, Blood cell, Bogong moth, Bombycoidea, Bombyx mandarina, Bombyx mori, Bracovirus, Bradypodicola, Brain, Bran, Braunschweig, Breathing, Bumblebee, Butterfly, Butterfly gardening, Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea, Cactoblastis cactorum, Caddisfly, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge University Press, Camouflage, Carl Linnaeus, Carnia, Carnivore, Carpet moth, Casein, Caterpillar, Celestial navigation, Censer, Central America, Chorion, Cicada, Circulatory system, Clade, Cladistics, Cladogram, Clasper, Climate, Cloaca, Coagulopathy, Coevolution, Commensalism, Comparison of butterflies and moths, Compsilura concinnata, Conjunctivitis, Coprophagia, Corpus allatum, Cosmopterigidae, Cossidae, Costa Rica, Cotton, CRC Press, Crepuscular animal, Cretaceous, Crop (anatomy), Cryptoses choloepi, Cydia deshaisiana, Death's-head hawkmoth, Denmark, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Detritivore, Detritus, Diapause, Diffraction grating, Digestion, Ditrysia, Diurnality, DNA, Domestic pigeon, Dorset, Dragonfly, Dutch language, Early Jurassic, Earth's magnetic field, Ecdysis, Ecdysone, Edward Meyrick, Egg, Endocrine system, Endopterygota, English language, Entomophagy, Entomophily, Eocene, Epimartyria, Epipyropidae, Eriocraniidae, Esophagus, Eupithecia, Eurema hecabe, Evolutionary arms race, External morphology of Lepidoptera, Eyespot (mimicry), Fairy, Family (biology), Feather, Ferdinand Ochsenheimer, Fiji, Fire, Flea, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Flour, Flower constancy, Flowering plant, Fluid balance, Fly, Forest tent caterpillar moth, Fungus, Fur, Fur Formation, Galleria mellonella, Gamete, Gelechioidea, Genetic engineering, Genitive case, Geometer moth, Geometroidea, Georg Friedrich Treitschke, George Hampson, German language, Germany, Germination, Gill, Gland, Glossata, Glyptapanteles, Goblet cell, Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Gracillarioidea, Great tit, Gynaephora groenlandica, Hail Horror Hail, Hair, Hawaii, Heart and dart, Hedylidae, Heliconius, Helicoverpa, Helicoverpa zea, Hemolymph, Hepialidae, Herbivore, Heterobathmia, Heterotroph, Himalayas, History of silk, Hives, Holocene, Holometabolism, Honeycomb, Honeydew (secretion), Horizon, Hornet, Human digestive system, Hummingbird, Humus, Hymenoptera, Hyposmocoma molluscivora, Ignaz Schiffermüller, Imago, Indomalayan realm, Insect, Insect mouthparts, Insect physiology, Insect trap, Insects in culture, Instar, Iowa State University, Jacob Hübner, Jaguar, Johan Christian Fabricius, Journal of Ethnobiology, Junonia coenia, Jurassic, Keratin, Kermes (insect), Kidney, Korean cuisine, Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things, Kyoto, La Huasteca, Lafcadio Hearn, Lamella (surface anatomy), Larva, Lasiocampidae, Latin, Leaf, Leaf miner, Leafhopper, Lepidoptera genitalia, Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Lepidopterology, Lesser wax moth, Limenitidinae, Lineage (evolution), Linen, Lionel Jack Dumbleton, List of butterflies of Australia, List of butterflies of Canada, List of butterflies of Great Britain, List of butterflies of India, List of butterflies of Menorca, List of butterflies of North America, List of butterflies of Taiwan, List of butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago, List of feeding behaviours, List of fritillaries (butterflies), List of moths, Lizard, Lonomia, Luis Buñuel, Lycaenidae, Lymantria dispar dispar, Mach bands, Macrolepidoptera, Madrone butterfly, Maggot, Maguey worm, Mandible (insect mouthpart), Marchantiophyta, Mating, Maya civilization, Müllerian mimicry, Mecoptera, Mesoamerica, Mesothorax, Metamorphosis, Metathorax, Mexican jumping bean, Mexico, Michael Denis, Microlepidoptera, Micropterigidae, Micropterix, Micropyle (zoology), Middle English, Midge, Milkweed butterfly, Mimallonoidea, Mimicry, Mnesarchaea, MoClay, Moduza procris, Monarch butterfly, Monophyly, Monotrysia, Monsoon, Moon, Morphology (biology), Moth, Mucous membrane, Museum, Mutualism (biology), Myrmica, National Museum of Natural History, Natural History Museum, London, Nature (journal), Nearctic realm, Nectar, Neotropical realm, Nepticulidae, Nightjar, Noctuidae, Noctuoidea, Nocturnality, Norian, North Sea, Northumbrian dialect (Old English), Nothofagus, Noxious weed, Nymphalidae, Nymphalis antiopa, Ocybadistes walkeri, Oecologia, Old English, Old French, Old Norse, Omen, Opuntia, Order (biology), Osmeterium, Osteochondritis, Oviparity, Ovipositor, Ovoviviparity, Oxford University Press, Painted lady, Palearctic realm, Paleocene, Palynology, Panama, Papilio antimachus, Papilio polytes, Papilio rutulus, Papilionoidea, Paraphyly, Parasetigena, Parasitism, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Parnassius arcticus, Parnassius epaphus, Patterns in nature, Peppered moth, Peridroma saucia, Pest (organism), Phalaena, Phengaris rebeli, Phenotypic trait, Pheromone, Pheromone trap, Philipp Christoph Zeller, Photonic crystal, Phylogenetic tree, Pieridae, Pieris brassicae, Pierre André Latreille, Pigment, PLOS Biology, PLOS One, Polarization (waves), Pollen, Pollination, Polyphenism, Potassium, Predation, Princeton University Press, Proboscis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Prodoxidae, Prodryas, Proleg, Protein, Prothoracicotropic hormone, Prothorax, Protographium marcellus, Pupa, Pyralidae, Pyraloidea, Queen Alexandra's birdwing, Queensland, Red-bodied swallowtail, Respiratory system, Sakha Republic, Salvador Dalí, Samuel Hubbard Scudder, Sarcophaga aldrichi, Saudi Aramco World, Scale (anatomy), Scale (insect anatomy), Scale insect, Science Advances, Sclerite, Season, Sebastiania, Semolina, Sesiidae, Sex organ, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual selection, Sigh (band), Silene latifolia, Silk, Silver Y, Sister group, Skipper (butterfly), Sloth, Sloth moth, Snow scorpionfly, Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica, Solomon Islands, Soul, South America, Species, Sphingidae, Spider, Spider web, Spinneret, Spodoptera, Springer Science+Business Media, Stamen, Stigma (botany), Structural coloration, Swallowtail butterfly, Symbiosis, Synergy, Syntomeida epilais, Systema Naturae, Taira no Masakado, Taxonomic rank, Taxonomy (biology), Tegeticula, Temperate climate, Teotihuacan, Terrestrial animal, Textile, The Canadian Entomologist, The Science of Nature, The Silence of the Lambs (film), Thermoregulation, Thymelicus, Tinea (moth), Tinea pellionella, Tineidae, Tineoidea, Tineola bisselliella, Tomato, Tornatellides, Torso, Tortricidae, Trachea, Transverse orientation, Triassic, Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, Trophic level, Tympanal organ, Un Chien Andalou, United Kingdom, University of Chicago Press, University of Florida, University of Minnesota, Urania fulgens, Uraniidae, Vanessa atalanta, Vanuatu, Viceroy (butterfly), Voltinism, Walter de Gruyter, Wasp, Wax, Wheat, Wiley-Blackwell, Willi Hennig, Wing, Yponomeutoidea, Yucca, Zapotec civilization, Zenodochium, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, ZW sex-determination system, Zygaena, 10th edition of Systema Naturae. Expand index (452 more) »

Actias luna

Actias luna, the luna moth, is a lime-green, Nearctic Saturniid moth in the family Saturniidae, subfamily Saturniinae.

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Adaptive radiation

In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.

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Afrotropical realm

The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms.

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Agasicles hygrophila

Agasicles hygrophila is a species of leaf beetle known by the common name alligator weed flea beetle.

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Agathiphaga

Agathiphaga is a genus of moths in the family Agathiphagidae, known as kauri moths.

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Agathiphaga queenslandensis

Agathiphaga queenslandensis is a moth of the family Agathiphagidae.

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Agathiphaga vitiensis

Agathiphaga vitiensis, or the Fiji kauri moth, is a moth of the family Agathiphagidae.

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Agathis

Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammar, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly referred to as alligator weed, is a native species to the temperate regions of South America, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

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American painted lady

The American painted lady or American lady (Vanessa virginiensis) at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms is a butterfly found throughout North America.

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American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) is a non-profit organization of scientists, clinicians, students and program professionals whose longstanding mission is to promote global health through the prevention and control of infectious and other diseases that disproportionately afflict the global poor.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Amphiesmenoptera

Amphiesmenoptera is an insect superorder, established by S. G. Kiriakoff, but often credited to Willi Hennig in his revision of insect taxonomy for two sister orders: Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and Trichoptera (caddisflies).

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov

Andrey V. Martynov (21 August 1879 – 29 January 1938) was a Russian entomologist and palaeontologist, a founder of the Russian palaeoentomological school.

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Animal navigation

Animal navigation is the ability of many animals to find their way accurately without maps or instruments.

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Annual Reviews (publisher)

Annual Reviews, located in Palo Alto California, Annual Reviews is a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Antenna (biology)

Antennae (singular: antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers," are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods.

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Antheraea

Antheraea is a moth genus belonging to the family Saturniidae.

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Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.

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Aphrissa statira

Aphrissa statira, the statira sulphur, is a species of Lepidoptera in the family Pieridae.

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Apollo (butterfly)

Not to be confused with Apollo, the Greek god. The Apollo or mountain Apollo (Parnassius apollo), is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae.

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Aposematism

Aposematism (from Greek ἀπό apo away, σῆμα sema sign) is a term coined by Edward Bagnall PoultonPoulton, 1890.

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Aquatic animal

A aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime.

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Aquatic plant

Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).

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Archaeolepis

Archaeolepis mane is the earliest known Lepidopteran fossil.

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Arcola malloi

Arcola malloi (formerly Vogtia malloi) is a species of snout moth known as the alligator weed stem borer.

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Arctiinae (moth)

The Arctiinae (formerly called the Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths, with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.

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Asphyxia

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Atopy

Atopy is a predisposition toward developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions.

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Attacus atlas

Attacus atlas (Atlas moth) is a large saturniid moth endemic to the forests of Asia.

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Australasian realm

The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident, but not synonymous (by some definitions), with the geographical region of Australasia.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Australian Faunal Directory

The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) is an online catalogue of taxonomic and biological information on all animal species known to occur within Australia.

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Automimicry

In zoology, automimicry, Browerian mimicry, or intraspecific mimicry, is a form of mimicry in which the same species of animal is imitated.

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Autotroph

An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).

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Aztecs

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.

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Bagworm moth

The Psychidae (bagworm moths, also simply bagworms or bagmoths) are a family of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).

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Baltic amber

The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite.

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Bamboo

The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.

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Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

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Basal metabolic rate

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.

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Bat

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight.

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Batesian mimicry

Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both.

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Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.

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Beetle

Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota.

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Beondegi

Beondegi, literally "pupa", is a Korean street food made with silkworm pupae.

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Biogeographic realm

A biogeographic realm or ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of the Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.

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Biological interaction

Biological interactions are the effects that the organisms in a community have on each other.

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Biological life cycle

In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Bird nest

A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young.

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Birdwing

Birdwings are butterflies in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera Trogonoptera, Troides, and Ornithoptera.

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Biscuit

Biscuit is a term used for a variety of primarily flour-based baked food products.

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Bleeding

Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.

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Blepharipa

Blepharipa is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

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Blood cell

A blood cell, also called a haematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.

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Bogong moth

The bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) is a temperate species of night-flying moth, notable for its biannual long-distance seasonal migrations towards and from the Australian Alps, similar to the diurnal monarch butterfly.

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Bombycoidea

Bombycoidea is a superfamily of moths.

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Bombyx mandarina

Bombyx mandarina, the wild silkmoth, is an insect from the moth family Bombycidae.

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Bombyx mori

The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar or imago of the domestic silkmoth, Bombyx mori (Latin: "silkworm of the mulberry tree").

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Bracovirus

Bracovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae.

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Bradypodicola

Bradypodicola hahneli is a sloth moth in the family Pyralidae that lives exclusively in the fur of the pale-throated three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), a three-toed sloth found in South America.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Bran

Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the hard outer layers of cereal grain.

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Braunschweig

Braunschweig (Low German: Brunswiek), also called Brunswick in English, is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river which connects it to the North Sea via the Aller and Weser rivers.

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Breathing

Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.

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Bumblebee

A bumblebee (or bumble bee, bumble-bee or humble-bee) is any of over 250 species in the genus Bombus, part of Apidae, one of the bee families.

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Butterfly

Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths.

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Butterfly gardening

Butterfly gardening is designed to create an environment that attracts butterflies, as well as certain moths.

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Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea

Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea is a method for sustainable use of insect biodiversity endorsed and supported by the national government.

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Cactoblastis cactorum

Cactoblastis cactorum, the cactus moth, South American cactus moth or nopal moth, is native to Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil.

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Caddisfly

The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults.

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Cambridge Philosophical Society

The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.

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Carnia

Carnia (Cjargne or Cjargna/Cjargno in local variants, Ciargna, Karnien) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli.

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Carnivore

A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.

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Carpet moth

Trichophaga tapetzella, the tapestry moth or carpet moth, is a moth of the Tineidae family.

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Casein

Casein ("kay-seen", from Latin caseus, "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, αS2, β, κ).

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Caterpillar

Caterpillars are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths).

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Celestial navigation

Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the ancient and modern practice of position fixing that enables a navigator to transition through a space without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position.

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Censer

A censer, incense burner or perfume burner (these may be hyphenated) is a vessel made for burning incense or perfume in some solid form.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Chorion

The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles.

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Cicada

The cicadas are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs).

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Clade

A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

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Cladistics

Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.

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Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

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Clasper

In biology, a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals, used in mating.

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Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

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Cloaca

In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.

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Coagulopathy

A bleeding disorder (coagulopathy) is a condition that affects the way the blood clots.

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Coevolution

In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.

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Commensalism

Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.

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Comparison of butterflies and moths

A common classification of the Lepidoptera involves their differentiation into butterflies and moths.

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Compsilura concinnata

Compsilura concinnata (tachinid fly; order Diptera) is a parasitoid native to Europe that was introduced to North America in 1906 to control the population of an exotic forest, univoltine, gypsy moth named Lymantria dispar.

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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.

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Coprophagia

Coprophagia or coprophagy is the consumption of feces.

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Corpus allatum

In insect physiology, the corpus allatum (plural: corpora allata) is an endocrine gland which generates juvenile hormone; as such, it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis.

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Cosmopterigidae

The Cosmopterigidae are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the Lepidoptera order.

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Cossidae

The Cossidae, the cossid millers or carpenter millers, make up a family of mostly large miller moths.

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Costa Rica

Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.

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Crepuscular animal

Crepuscular animals are those that are active primarily during twilight (that is, the periods of dawn and dusk).

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.

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Crop (anatomy)

A crop (sometimes also called a croup or a craw, or ingluvies) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion.

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Cryptoses choloepi

Cryptoses choloepi is a sloth moth in the snout moth family that lives exclusively in the fur of sloths, mammals found in South and Central America.

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Cydia deshaisiana

Cydia deshaisiana or jumping bean moth is a moth from Mexico that is most widely known as its larva, where it inhabits the carpels of seeds from several species of the shrub genus Sebastiania (S. pavoniana or S. palmeri).

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Death's-head hawkmoth

The name death's-head hawkmoth refers to any one of the three moth species of the genus Acherontia (Acherontia atropos, Acherontia styx and Acherontia lachesis).

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts

The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts was an Australian Government department that existed between December 2007 and September 2010.

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Detritivore

Detritivores, also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).

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Detritus

In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).

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Diapause

Diapause, when referencing animal dormancy, is the delay in development in response to regularly and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.

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Diffraction grating

In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure that splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions.

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Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

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Ditrysia

The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of insects in the lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and moths.

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Diurnality

Diurnality is a form of plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of sleeping, or other inactivity, at night.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Domestic pigeon

The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is a pigeon subspecies that was derived from the rock dove (also called the rock pigeon).

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Dorset

Dorset (archaically: Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast.

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Dragonfly

A dragonfly is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, infraorder Anisoptera (from Greek ἄνισος anisos, "uneven" and πτερόν pteron, "wing", because the hindwing is broader than the forewing).

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Dutch language

The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.

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Early Jurassic

The Early Jurassic epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic period.

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Earth's magnetic field

Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior out into space, where it meets the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.

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Ecdysis

Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa.

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Ecdysone

Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands.

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Edward Meyrick

Edward Meyrick FRS (24 November 1854, in Ramsbury – 31 March 1938 at Thornhanger, Marlborough) was an English schoolmaster and amateur entomologist.

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Egg

An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.

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Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that carry those hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs, and the feedback loops of homeostasis that the hormones drive.

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Endopterygota

Endopterygota, also known as Holometabola, is a superorder of insects within the infraclass Neoptera that go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Entomophagy

Entomophagy (from Greek ἔντομον éntomon, "insect", and φᾰγεῖν phagein, "to eat") is the human use of insects as food.

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Entomophily

Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects.

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Eocene

The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.

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Epimartyria

Epimartyria is a genus of small primitive metallic moths in the family Micropterigidae.

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Epipyropidae

The Epipyropidae comprise a small family of moths.

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Eriocraniidae

Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Eupithecia

Eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family Geometridae.

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Eurema hecabe

Eurema hecabe, the common grass yellow, is a small pierid butterfly species found in Asia, Africa and Australia.

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Evolutionary arms race

In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is a struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, traits, or species, that develop adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling an arms race.

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External morphology of Lepidoptera

The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths.

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Eyespot (mimicry)

An eyespot (sometimes ocellus) is an eye-like marking.

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Fairy

A fairy (also fata, fay, fey, fae, fair folk; from faery, faerie, "realm of the fays") is a type of mythical being or legendary creature in European folklore, a form of spirit, often described as metaphysical, supernatural, or preternatural.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Feather

Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds and other, extinct species' of dinosaurs.

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Ferdinand Ochsenheimer

Ferdinand Ochsenheimer (17 March 1767 – 2 November 1822) was a German actor and entomologist (lepidopterist).

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Fiji

Fiji (Viti; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी), officially the Republic of Fiji (Matanitu Tugalala o Viti; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी गणराज्य), is an island country in Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island.

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Fire

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

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Flea

Fleas are small flightless insects that form the order Siphonaptera.

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Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument

The Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument is a national monument located in Teller County, Colorado.

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Flour

Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods.

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Flower constancy

Flower constancy or pollinator constancy is defined as the tendency of individual pollinators to exclusively visit certain flower species or morphs within a species, bypassing other available flower species that could potentially be more rewarding (i.e. contain more nectar).

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Flowering plant

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.

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Fluid balance

Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.

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Fly

True flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wings".

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Forest tent caterpillar moth

The Forest tent caterpillar moth (Malacosoma disstria) is a North American moth found throughout the United States and Canada, especially in the eastern regions.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Fur

Fur is the hair covering of non-human mammals, particularly those mammals with extensive body hair that is soft and thick.

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Fur Formation

The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area.

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Galleria mellonella

Galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae.

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Gamete

A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.

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Gelechioidea

Gelechioidea (from the type genus Gelechia, "resting on the ground") is the superfamily of moths that contains the case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives, also simply called curved-horn moths or gelechioid moths.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive (abbreviated); also called the second case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun.

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Geometer moth

The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.

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Geometroidea

The Geometroidea are the superfamily of geometrid moths in the Lepidoptera.

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Georg Friedrich Treitschke

Georg Friedrich Treitschke (29 August 1776 – 4 June 1842) was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist.

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George Hampson

Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was a British entomologist.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Germination

Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.

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Gill

A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.

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Gland

A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).

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Glossata

Glossata (Fabricius, 1775) is the suborder of the insect order Lepidoptera that contains most Lepidoptera species and includes all the superfamilies of moths and butterflies that have a coilable proboscis.

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Glyptapanteles

Glyptapanteles is a genus of endoparasitoid wasps found in Central and North America and New Zealand.

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Goblet cell

Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins, like mucin MUC5AC.

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Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer

Dr Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer (17 December 1799 – 14 April 1874) was a German entomologist and physician.

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Gracillarioidea

Gracillarioidea is a large superfamily containing four families of insects in the order Lepidoptera.

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Great tit

The great tit (Parus major) is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.

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Gynaephora groenlandica

Gynaephora groenlandica, the arctic woolly bear moth, is an erebid moth endemic to the high Arctic, specifically the Canadian archipelago and Greenland.

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Hail Horror Hail

Hail Horror Hail is an album by the band Sigh.

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Hair

Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Heart and dart

The heart and dart (Agrotis exclamationis) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.

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Hedylidae

Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, representing the superfamily Hedyloidea.

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Heliconius

Heliconius comprises a colorful and widespread genus of brush-footed butterflies commonly known as the longwings or heliconians.

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Helicoverpa

Helicoverpa is a genus of moth in the family Noctuidae.

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Helicoverpa zea

Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus Heliothis) in the family Noctuidae.

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Hemolymph

Hemolymph, or haemolymph, is a fluid, analogous to the blood in vertebrates, that circulates in the interior of the arthropod body remaining in direct contact with the animal's tissues.

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Hepialidae

The Hepialidae are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Heterobathmia

Heterobathmia is a genus of Lepidoptera.

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Heterotroph

A heterotroph (Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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History of silk

The production of silk originates in China in the Neolithic (Yangshao culture, 4th millennium BC).

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Hives

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch.

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Holometabolism

Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa and imago or adult.

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Honeycomb

A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic wax cells built by honey bees in their nests to contain their larvae and stores of honey and pollen.

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Honeydew (secretion)

Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids and some scale insects as they feed on plant sap.

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Horizon

The horizon or skyline is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth's surface, and those that do not.

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Hornet

Hornets (insects in the genera Vespa and Provespa) are the largest of the eusocial wasps, and are similar in appearance to their close relatives yellowjackets.

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Human digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

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Hummingbird

Hummingbirds are birds from the Americas that constitute the family Trochilidae.

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Humus

In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals." Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.

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Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.

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Hyposmocoma molluscivora

Hyposmocoma molluscivora is a Hawaiian moth whose larvae are predators, capturing snails in their silk, much like a hunting spider's web, and then crawling inside the snail's shell to eat it alive.

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Ignaz Schiffermüller

Ignaz Schiffermüller (born 2 October 1727 in Hellmonsödt; died 21 June 1806 in Linz) was an Austrian naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera.

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Imago

In biology, the imago is the last stage an insect attains during its metamorphosis, its process of growth and development; it also is called the imaginal stage, the stage in which the insect attains maturity.

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Indomalayan realm

The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms.

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Insect

Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.

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Insect mouthparts

Insects have a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding.

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Insect physiology

Insect physiology includes the physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems.

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Insect trap

Insect traps are used to monitor or directly reduce populations of insects or other arthropods.

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Insects in culture

The roles of insects in culture span different aspects of human life, whether analysed academically or more generally.

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Instar

An instar (from the Latin "form", "likeness") is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each moult (ecdysis), until sexual maturity is reached.

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Iowa State University

Iowa State University of Science and Technology, generally referred to as Iowa State, is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States.

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Jacob Hübner

Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist.

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Jaguar

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a wild cat species and the only extant member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.

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Johan Christian Fabricius

Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.

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Journal of Ethnobiology

The Journal of Ethnobiology is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering ethnobiology.

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Junonia coenia

Junonia coenia, known as the common buckeye or buckeye, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.

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Kermes (insect)

Kermes is a genus of scale insects in the order Hemiptera.

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Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

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Korean cuisine

Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.

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Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things

, often shortened to Kwaidan ("ghost story"), is a book by Lafcadio Hearn that features several Japanese ghost stories and a brief non-fiction study on insects.

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Kyoto

, officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, located in the Kansai region of Japan.

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La Huasteca

La Huasteca is a geographical and cultural region located in Mexico along the Gulf of Mexico which includes parts of the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, and Querétaro.

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Lafcadio Hearn

Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χερν; 27 June 1850 – 26 September 1904), known also by the Japanese name, was a writer, known best for his books about Japan, especially his collections of Japanese legends and ghost stories, such as Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.

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Lamella (surface anatomy)

Lamellae on a gecko's foot. In surface anatomy, a lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between.

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Larva

A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.

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Lasiocampidae

The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.

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Leaf miner

A leaf miner is the larva of an insect that lives in and eats the leaf tissue of plants.

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Leafhopper

A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae.

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Lepidoptera genitalia

The study of the genitalia of Lepidoptera is important for Lepidoptera taxonomy in addition to development, anatomy and natural history.

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Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta".

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Lepidopterology

Lepidopterology (from Ancient Greek λεπίδος (scale) and πτερόν (wing); and -λογία -logia.), is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies.

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Lesser wax moth

The lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) is a small moth of the snout moth family (Pyralidae) that belongs to the subfamily Galleriinae.

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Limenitidinae

The Limenitidinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes the admirals and relatives.

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Lineage (evolution)

An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of organisms, populations, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendent.

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Linen

Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.

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Lionel Jack Dumbleton

Lionel Jack Dumbleton (1905 – 25 September 1976) was a New Zealand entomologist.

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List of butterflies of Australia

Australia has more than 400 species of butterfly, the majority of which are continental species, and more than a dozen endemic species from remote islands administered by various Australian territorial governments.

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List of butterflies of Canada

This is a list of butterflies of Canada.

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List of butterflies of Great Britain

This is a list of butterflies of Great Britain, including extinct, naturalised species and those of dubious origin.

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List of butterflies of India

India has extremely diverse terrain, climate and vegetation, which comprises extremes of heat cold, desert and jungle, of low-lying plains and the highest mountains, of dryness and dampness, islands and continental areas, widely varying flora, and sharply marked seasons.

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List of butterflies of Menorca

Menorca is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain, with a population of approximately 88,000.

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List of butterflies of North America

This list contains links to lists with the common and scientific names of butterflies of North America north of Mexico.

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List of butterflies of Taiwan

At least 377 species of butterfly have been recorded in Taiwan, with some reports putting the number at over 400.

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List of butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago

List of the butterfly species of Trinidad and Tobago, an islands nation located in the Caribbean region off the northeast coast of South America.

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List of feeding behaviours

Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food.

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List of fritillaries (butterflies)

This is a list of butterfly species in diverse genera with the common name fritillary.

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List of moths

This is an incomplete list of species of Lepidoptera that are commonly known as moths.

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Lizard

Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.

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Lonomia

The genus Lonomia is a moderate-sized group of fairly cryptic saturniid moths from South America, famous not for the adults, but for their highly venomous caterpillars, which are responsible for a few deaths each year, especially in southern Brazil, and the subject of hundreds of published medical studies.

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Luis Buñuel

Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish filmmaker who worked in Spain, Mexico and France.

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Lycaenidae

Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies.

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Lymantria dispar dispar

Lymantria dispar dispar, commonly known as the gypsy moth, European gypsy moth, or North American gypsy moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae that is of Eurasian origin.

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Mach bands

Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach.

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Macrolepidoptera

Macrolepidoptera is a group within the insect order Lepidoptera.

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Madrone butterfly

Eucheira socialis, commonly known as the Madrone butterfly is a lepidopteran that belongs to the family Pieridae.

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Maggot

A maggot is the larva of a fly (order Diptera); it is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachycera flies, such as houseflies, cheese flies, and blowflies, rather than larvae of the Nematocera, such as mosquitoes and Crane flies.

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Maguey worm

Maguey worms (gu'sanos de magei chinicuil), are one of two species of edible caterpillars that infest maguey (''Agave americana'') and Agave tequilana plants.

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Mandible (insect mouthpart)

Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect’s mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure).

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Marchantiophyta

The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts.

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Mating

In biology, mating (or mateing in British English) is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

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Maya civilization

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.

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Müllerian mimicry

Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more unprofitable (often, distasteful) species, that may or may not be closely related and share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other's honest warning signals, to their mutual benefit, since predators can learn to avoid all of them with fewer experiences.

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Mecoptera

Mecoptera (from the Greek: mecos.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Mesothorax

The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the second pair of legs.

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Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.

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Metathorax

The metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs.

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Mexican jumping bean

Mexican jumping beans (also known as frijoles saltarines in Spanish) are seed pods that have been inhabited by the larva of a small moth (Cydia deshaisiana) and are native to Mexico.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Michael Denis

Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.

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Microlepidoptera

Microlepidoptera (micromoths) is an artificial (i.e., unranked and not monophyletic) grouping of moth families, commonly known as the 'smaller moths' (micro, Lepidoptera).

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Micropterigidae

Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about 20 living genera.

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Micropterix

Micropterix is a genus of small primitive metallic moths in the insect order Lepidoptera within the family Micropterigidae that is distributed across Europe south to North Africa and east as far as Japan.

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Micropyle (zoology)

A micropyle is a pore in the membrane covering the ovum, through which a sperm enters.

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Middle English

Middle English (ME) is collectively the varieties of the English language spoken after the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 15th century; scholarly opinion varies but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period of 1150 to 1500.

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Midge

Midges are a group of insects that include many kinds of small flies.

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Milkweed butterfly

Milkweed butterflies are a subfamily, Danainae, in the family Nymphalidae, or brush-footed butterflies.

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Mimallonoidea

Mimallonoidea is the superfamily of sack bearer moths, containing the single family Mimallonidae.

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Mimicry

In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.

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Mnesarchaea

Mnesarchaeoidea is a superfamily of "New Zealand primitive moths" containing one family, Mnesarchaeidae and a single genus, Mnesarchaea, endemic to New Zealand.

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MoClay

The Moclay (Moclay.

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Moduza procris

Moduza procris, the commander, sometimes included in the genus Limenitis, is a medium-sized, strikingly coloured brush-footed butterfly found in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

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Monarch butterfly

The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.

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Monophyly

In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.

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Monotrysia

The Monotrysia are a group of insects in the lepidopteran order which are not currently considered to be a natural group or clade.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Moon

The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Moth

Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera.

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Mucous membrane

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs.

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Museum

A museum (plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

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Mutualism (biology)

Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

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Myrmica

Myrmica is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae.

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National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.

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Natural History Museum, London

The Natural History Museum in London is a natural history museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nearctic realm

The Nearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.

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Nectar

Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection.

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Neotropical realm

The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.

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Nepticulidae

Nepticulidae is a family of very small moths with a worldwide distribution.

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Nightjar

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae, characterized by long wings, short legs and very short bills.

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Noctuidae

The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, is the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of its clades are constantly changing, along with the other families of Noctuoidea.

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Noctuoidea

Noctuoidea is the superfamily of noctuid (Latin "night owl") or "owlet" moths, and has more than 70000 described species, the largest number of for any Lepidopteran superfamily.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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Norian

The Norian is a division of the Triassic geological period.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Northumbrian dialect (Old English)

Northumbrian was a dialect of Old English spoken in the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria.

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Nothofagus

Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia).

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Noxious weed

A noxious weed, harmful weed or injurious weed is a weed that has been designated by an agricultural authority as one that is injurious to agricultural or horticultural crops, natural habitats or ecosystems, or humans or livestock.

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Nymphalidae

The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world, belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea.

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Nymphalis antiopa

Nymphalis antiopa, known as the mourning cloak in North America and the Camberwell beauty in Britain, is a large butterfly native to Eurasia and North America.

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Ocybadistes walkeri

Ocybadistes walkeri, the greenish grass-dart, green grass-dart, southern dart or yellow-banded dart, is a type of butterfly known as a skipper found in eastern and southern Australia, with one subspecies found in the Northern Territory.

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Oecologia

Oecologia is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976).

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Old English

Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old French

Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; Modern French: ancien français) was the language spoken in Northern France from the 8th century to the 14th century.

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Old Norse

Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements from about the 9th to the 13th century.

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Omen

An omen (also called portent or presage) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change.

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Opuntia

Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.

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Order (biology)

In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.

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Osmeterium

The osmeterium is a defensive organ found in all papilionid larvae, in all stages.

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Osteochondritis

Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed.

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Oviparity

Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother.

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Ovipositor

The ovipositor is an organ used by some animals for the laying of eggs.

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Ovoviviparity

Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, or ovivipary, is a mode of reproduction in animals in which embryos that develop inside eggs remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Painted lady

The Cynthia group of colourful butterflies, commonly called painted ladies, comprises a subgenus of the genus Vanessa in the family Nymphalidae.

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Palearctic realm

The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms on the Earth's surface, first identified in the 19th century, and still in use today as the basis for zoogeographic classification.

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Paleocene

The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.

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Palynology

Palynology is the "study of dust" (from palunō, "strew, sprinkle" and -logy) or "particles that are strewn".

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Papilio antimachus

Papilio antimachus, the African giant swallowtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae.

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Papilio polytes

Papilio polytes, the common Mormon, is a common species of swallowtail butterfly widely distributed across Asia.

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Papilio rutulus

Papilio rutulus, the western tiger swallowtail, is a common swallowtail butterfly of western North America, frequently seen in urban parks and gardens, as well as in rural woodlands and riparian areas.

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Papilionoidea

The superfamily Papilionoidea (from the genus Papilio, meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies except for the moth-like Hedyloidea.

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Paraphyly

In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.

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Parasetigena

Parasetigena is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Parasitoid

A parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host and at the host's expense, and which sooner or later kills it.

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Parasitoid wasp

Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita.

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Parnassius arcticus

Parnassius arcticus, the Siberian Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Northeastern Yakutia, Russia.

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Parnassius epaphus

Parnassius epaphus, the common red Apollo, is a high altitude butterfly which is found in India and Nepal.

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Patterns in nature

Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world.

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Peppered moth

The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a temperate species of night-flying moth.

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Peridroma saucia

Peridroma saucia, the pearly underwing or variegated cutworm, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae.

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Pest (organism)

A pest is a plant or animal detrimental to humans or human concerns including crops, livestock, and forestry.

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Phalaena

Phalaena is an obsolete genus of Lepidoptera used by Carl Linnaeus to house most moths.

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Phengaris rebeli

Phengaris rebeli (formerly Maculinea rebeli), common name mountain Alcon blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.

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Phenotypic trait

A phenotypic trait, or simply trait, is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.

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Pheromone

A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.

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Pheromone trap

A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to lure insects.

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Philipp Christoph Zeller

Philipp Christoph Zeller (8 April 1808 – 27 March 1883) was a German entomologist.

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Photonic crystal

A photonic crystal is a periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons in much the same way that ionic lattices affect electrons in solids.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Pieridae

The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America.

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Pieris brassicae

Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.

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Pierre André Latreille

Pierre André Latreille (29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods.

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Pigment

A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.

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PLOS Biology

PLOS Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of Biology.

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PLOS One

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.

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Polarization (waves)

Polarization (also polarisation) is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations.

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Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).

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Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.

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Polyphenism

A polyphenic trait is a trait for which multiple, discrete phenotypes can arise from a single genotype as a result of differing environmental conditions.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Proboscis

A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.

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Prodoxidae

The Prodoxidae are a family of moths, generally small in size and nondescript in appearance.

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Prodryas

Prodryas persephone is an extinct butterfly, known from a single specimen from the Chadronian-aged Florissant Shale Lagerstatte of Late Eocene Colorado.

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Proleg

A proleg is a small, fleshy, stub structure found on the ventral surface of the abdomen of most larval forms of insects of the order Lepidoptera, though they can also be found on other larval insects such as sawflies and a few types of flies.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Prothoracicotropic hormone

Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) was the first insect hormone to be discovered.

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Prothorax

The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs.

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Protographium marcellus

Protographium marcellus, the zebra swallowtail, (formerly listed under genera Eurytides, Iphiclides, Graphium and Papilio by some authorities) is a swallowtail butterfly native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada.

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Pupa

A pupa (pūpa, "doll"; plural: pūpae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.

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Pyralidae

The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea.

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Pyraloidea

The Pyraloidea (pyraloid moths) are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide (Munroe & Solis 1998), and probably at least as many more remain to be described.

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Queen Alexandra's birdwing

Ornithoptera alexandrae, the Queen Alexandra's birdwing, is the largest butterfly in the world, with females reaching wingspans slightly in excess of 25 cm (9.8 inches).

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Queensland

Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Red-bodied swallowtail

Red-bodied swallowtails are butterflies in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera Atrophaneura, Byasa, Losaria, or Pachliopta.

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Respiratory system

The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.

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Sakha Republic

The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (p; Sakha Öröspüübülükete), simply Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия); Sakha Sire), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Salvador Dalí

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquess of Dalí de Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known professionally as Salvador Dalí, was a prominent Spanish surrealist born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain.

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Samuel Hubbard Scudder

Samuel Hubbard Scudder (April 13, 1837 – May 17, 1911) was an American entomologist and paleontologist.

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Sarcophaga aldrichi

The friendly fly or large flesh fly, Sarcophaga aldrichi, is a fly that is a parasitoid of the forest tent caterpillar.

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Saudi Aramco World

Aramco World (formerly Saudi Aramco World) is a bi-monthly magazine published by Aramco Services Company, U.S.-based subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Scale (anatomy)

In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek λεπίς lepis, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection.

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Scale (insect anatomy)

The presence of scales on the wings of Lepidoptera, comprising moths and butterflies, characterises this order of insects.

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Scale insect

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha.

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Science Advances

Science Advances is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal established in early 2015.

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Sclerite

A sclerite (Greek σκληρός, sklēros, meaning "hard") is a hardened body part.

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Season

A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.

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Sebastiania

Sebastiania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1821.

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Semolina

Semolina is the coarse, purified wheat middlings of durum wheat mainly used in making pasta and couscous.

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Sesiidae

The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

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Sex organ

A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal's body that is involved in sexual reproduction.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.

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Sexual selection

Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).

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Sigh (band)

is a Japanese extreme metal band from Tokyo, formed in 1989.

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Silene latifolia

Silene latifolia (formerly Melandrium album), the white campion is a dioecious flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa.

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Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.

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Silver Y

The Silver Y (Autographa gamma) is a migratory moth of the family Noctuidae which is named for the silvery Y-shaped mark on each of its forewings.

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Sister group

A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.

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Skipper (butterfly)

Skippers are a family, Hesperiidae, of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies).

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Sloth

Sloths are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rainforests of South America and Central America.

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Sloth moth

A sloth moth is a coprophagous moth which has evolved to exclusively inhabit the fur of sloths and to use sloth dung as a substrate for the early stages of reproduction.

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Snow scorpionfly

Boreidae, commonly called snow scorpionflies, or in the British Isles, snow fleas (no relation to the snow flea Hypogastrura nivicola) are a very small family of scorpionflies, containing only around 30 species, all of which are boreal or high-altitude species in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica

Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (also known as SEL) is a European society for the study of moths and butterflies and for the conservation of these insects and their natural habitats.

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of.

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Soul

In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Sphingidae

The Sphingidae are a family of moths (Lepidoptera), commonly known as hawk moths, sphinx moths, and hornworms; it includes about 1,450 species.

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Spider

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.

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Spider web

A spider web, spiderweb, spider's web, or cobweb (from the archaic word coppe, meaning "spider") is a device created by a spider out of proteinaceous spider silk extruded from its spinnerets, generally meant to catch its prey.

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Spinneret

A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect.

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Spodoptera

Spodoptera is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

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Springer Science+Business Media

Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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Stamen

The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

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Stigma (botany)

The stigma (plural: stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.

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Structural coloration

Structural coloration is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with visible light, sometimes in combination with pigments.

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Swallowtail butterfly

Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

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Synergy

Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts.

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Syntomeida epilais

The Polka-Dot Wasp Moth (Syntomeida epilais) is a species of moth thought to be native to the Caribbean.

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Systema Naturae

(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.

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Taira no Masakado

was a samurai in the Heian period of Japan, who led one of the largest insurgent forces in the period against the central government of Kyoto.

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Taxonomic rank

In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Tegeticula

Tegeticula is a genus of moths of the Prodoxidae family, one of three genera known as yucca moths; they are mutualistic pollinators of various Yucca species.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan, (in Spanish: Teotihuacán), is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas.

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Terrestrial animal

Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, spiders), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e.g., fish, lobsters, octopuses), or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats (e.g., frogs, or newts).

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Textile

A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).

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The Canadian Entomologist

The Canadian Entomologist is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of entomology.

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The Science of Nature

The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.

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The Silence of the Lambs (film)

The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, and Scott Glenn.

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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

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Thymelicus

Thymelicus is a Palearctic genus in the skipper butterfly family, Hesperiidae.

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Tinea (moth)

Tinea is a genus of the fungus moth family, Tineidae.

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Tinea pellionella

Tinea pellionella, the case-bearing clothes moth, is a species of tineoid moth in the family Tineidae, the fungus moths.

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Tineidae

Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810.

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Tineoidea

Tineoidea is the ditrysian superfamily of moths that includes clothes moths, bagworms and relatives.

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Tineola bisselliella

Tineola bisselliella, known as the common clothes moth, webbing clothes moth, or simply clothing moth, is a species of fungus moth (family Tineidae, subfamily Tineinae).

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Tomato

The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.

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Tornatellides

Tornatellides is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks, or micromolluscs in the family Achatinellidae.

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Torso

The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs.

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Tortricidae

The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera.

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Trachea

The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs.

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Transverse orientation

Transverse orientation, keeping a fixed angle on a distant source of light for orientation, is a proprioceptive response displayed by some insects such as moths.

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Triassic

The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.

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Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods,, and is one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans.

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Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

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Tympanal organ

A tympanal organ is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons.

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Un Chien Andalou

No description.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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University of Florida

The University of Florida (commonly referred to as Florida or UF) is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a campus in Gainesville, Florida.

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University of Minnesota

The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (often referred to as the University of Minnesota, Minnesota, the U of M, UMN, or simply the U) is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota.

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Urania fulgens

Urania fulgens, the urania swallowtail moth, is a day-flying moth of the Uraniidae family.

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Uraniidae

The Uraniidae are a family of moths containing four subfamilies, 90 genera, and roughly 700 species.

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Vanessa atalanta

Vanessa atalanta, the red admiral or previously, the red admirable, is a well-characterized, medium-sized butterfly with black wings, orange bands, and white spots.

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Vanuatu

Vanuatu (or; Bislama, French), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Viceroy (butterfly)

The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly that ranges through most of the contiguous United States as well as parts of Canada and Mexico.

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Voltinism

Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year.

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Walter de Gruyter

Walter de Gruyter GmbH (or; brand name: De Gruyter) is a scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

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Wax

Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.

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Wheat

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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Willi Hennig

Emil Hans Willi Hennig (April 20, 1913 – November 5, 1976) was a German biologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, also known as cladistics.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift, while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Yponomeutoidea

Yponomeutoidea is a superfamily of ermine moths and relatives.

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Yucca

Yucca is a genus of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.

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Zapotec civilization

The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica.

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Zenodochium

Zenodochium is a genus of moths in the family Blastodacnidae described by Lord Walsingham in 1908.

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Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society.

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ZW sex-determination system

The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), and some reptiles, including Komodo dragons.

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Zygaena

Zygaena is a genus of moths in the family Zygaenidae.

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10th edition of Systema Naturae

The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.

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Butterflies and Moths, Butterflies and moths, Lepidopteran, Lepidopterans, Lepidopterous, Moths and butterflies.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidoptera

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