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354 relations: Abolitionism in the United States, Acoustics, African Americans, African-American dance, African-American women in computer science, Air conditioning, Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid, Alexander Miles, Alice Ball, Alice H. Parker, Almanac, American Institute of Physics, Amputation, Andrew Jackson Beard, Andrews–Curtis conjecture, Angle of incidence (optics), Annie Easley, Annual Reviews (publisher), Anthropologist, Apple Inc., Archia Ross, Archie Alexander, Arlie Petters, Arsenic, Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., Astrochemistry, Astronomer, Astrophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Augustin Banyaga, Author, Automotive engineering, Bacteriology, Baltimore–Washington Parkway, Beebe Steven Lynk, Bell Labs, Ben Carson, Ben Montgomery, Benjamin Banneker, Bessie Blount Griffin, Biochemist, Biological engineering, Biologist, Biology, Biomedical engineering, Biophysics, Bisi Ezerioha, Blacksmith, Blackwell channel, Boston, ..., Botany, Brain tumor, Bridge, Broom, Businessperson, Carpentry, Cataract, Central processing unit, Charles Henry Turner (zoologist), Charles R. Drew, Charles W. Chappelle, Chemical engineer, Chemical synthesis, Chemist, Chlortetracycline, Clarence Ellis (computer scientist), Claude Steele, Clemson University, Clockmaker, Coding theory, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Commentary (magazine), Computer engineering, Computer science, Computer scientist, Corona, Corticosteroid, Cortisone, Craniopagus twins, Creole language, Daniel Hale Williams, Dartmouth College, David Blackwell, David Crosthwait, Diffeomorphism, Dorothy Vaughan, Dotdash, Dubnium, Duke University, Earl W. Renfroe, Economist, Edward Bouchet, Electret microphone, Elevator, Elijah McCoy, Emmett Chappelle, Engineer, Environmental chemistry, Ephemeris, Epidemiology, Eponym, Equal employment opportunity, Erich Jarvis, Ernest Everett Just, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Estimator, Evolutionary biology, Exploration, Fairchild Channel F, Farmer, Florida A&M University, Fluid dynamics, Food science, Frederick McKinley Jones, Garrett Morgan, Gas mask, Gastroenterology, Genealogical DNA test, Geneticist, Geochemistry, George Edward Alcorn Jr., George Franklin Grant, George Robert Carruthers, George Washington Carver, Glenn Research Center, Granville Woods, Gravitational lens, Group theory, Harold Amos, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Hasbro, Henry Blair (inventor), Henry Brown (inventor), Henry Cecil McBay, Herman Branson, Hertz, Hildrus Poindexter, Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, History of United States patent law, Horseshoe, Hot comb, HVAC, Hydnocarpus wightianus, IBM, Industry Standard Architecture, Information theory, International business, Inventor, Ironing, J. Ernest Wilkins Jr., JAMA Internal Medicine, James Andrew Harris, James E. Bowman, James Edward Maceo West, James J. Andrews (mathematician), James McLurkin, Jan Ernst Matzeliger, Jane C. Wright, Janet Emerson Bashen, Janney coupler, Jellyfish, Jerome H. Lemelson, Jerry Lawson (engineer), Jesse Russell, Jet (magazine), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, John Dabiri, John E. Hodge, John McWhorter, John Ogbu, Johns Hopkins University, Joseph L. Graves, Juan E. Gilbert, Katherine Johnson, Keith Black (surgeon), Kenneth and Mamie Clark, Kerrie Holley, Kevin Greenaugh, Kunle Olukotun, Kwabena Boahen, Langley Research Center, Larami, Larry Robinson (chemist), Lawn mower, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lee Stiff, Lemelson–MIT Prize, Leonard C. Bailey, Leonidas Berry, Leprosy, Lewis Howard Latimer, Lewis Temple, Linguistics, List of African educators, scientists and scholars, List of African-American mathematicians, List of African-American women in medicine, List of African-American women in STEM fields, Lists of African Americans, Lloyd Hall, Lloyd Noel Ferguson, Lloyd Quarterman, Lonnie Johnson (inventor), Louis T. Wright, Madam C. J. Walker, Malaria, Manhattan Project, Marie Maynard Daly, Marie Van Brittan Brown, Mark Dean (computer scientist), Markov chain, Mary Eliza Mahoney, Mary Jackson (engineer), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mathematical physics, Mathematician, Mechanical engineering, Medication, Medicine, Methotrexate, Microbiologist, Microsoft, Miriam Benjamin, Morton L. Curtis, Mozilla, Mulatto, Multi-core processor, Murphy bed, NAACP, NASA, NASA spinoff technologies, National Academy of Sciences, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, National Inventors Hall of Fame, National Park Service, National Science Board, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Neuroscientist, Neurosurgery, Norbert Rillieux, Nuclear engineering, Nuclear physics, Ophthalmology, Optical coating, Orthodontics, Otis Boykin, PARC (company), Patricia Bath, Paul Du Chaillu, Pediatrics, Percy Lavon Julian, Physical therapy, Physician, Physicist, Physostigmine, Phytosterol, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Powtawche Valerino, Pritzker School of Medicine, Probability theory, Progesterone, Psychologist, Pygmy peoples, Rail transport, Rao–Blackwell theorem, Raphael Carl Lee, Réunion, Research, Retina, Rick Kittles, Robotics, Roger Arliner Young, Roland G. Fryer Jr., ROM cartridge, Roman Empire, Ronald McNair, Rutherfordium, Safe, Samuel L. Kountz, Sarah Boone, Sarah E. Goode, Science and technology in the United States, Scientist, Scott W. Williams, Service Integration Maturity Model, Service-oriented modeling, Shirley Ann Jackson, Shoaling and schooling, Sickle cell disease, Silicon, Smoke hood, Social science, Soni Oyekan, Spingarn Medal, St. Elmo Brady, Statistician, Statistics, Stereotype threat, Steroid, Stigmasterol, Stoop (architecture), Street sweeper, Super Soaker, Supergravity, Superstring theory, Supersymmetry, Surgeon, Surgical technologist, Surveying, Sylvester James Gates, Symplectomorphism, Syringe, Teacher, Technological and industrial history of the United States, Tee, Telescope, Testosterone, The New York Times, Theoretical physics, Thomas L. Jennings, Thomas Mensah, Thomas Sowell, Tidal Basin, Time (magazine), Timeline of United States discoveries, Timeline of United States inventions, Tropical disease, U.S. News & World Report, U.S. Route 29 in the District of Columbia, United States, United States Department of Energy, United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States patent law, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Michigan, Ventilation (architecture), Video game console, Vivien Thomas, Walter E. Williams, Walter Lincoln Hawkins, Warren M. Washington, Willie Hobbs Moore, Wind farm, Window Snyder, Wireless, X-ray spectroscopy, Yale University, Yankee ingenuity, Zachary Taylor, Zoology. Expand index (304 more) »
Abolitionism in the United States
Abolitionism in the United States was the movement before and during the American Civil War to end slavery in the United States.
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Acoustics
Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.
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African Americans
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.
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African-American dance
African-American dance has developed within Black American communities in everyday spaces, rather than in studios, schools or companies.
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African-American women in computer science
African-American women were among early pioneers in computing in the United States.
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Air conditioning
Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants.
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Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid
Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid (November 13, 1927 February 26, 1985) was an American mathematician and theorist who worked extensively on probability theory, Markov chains, and statistics.
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Alexander Miles
Alexander Miles (May 18, 1838 – May 7, 1918) was an African-American inventor who was best known for being awarded a patent for an automatically opening and closing elevator doors.
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Alice Ball
Alice Augusta Ball (July 24, 1892 – December 31, 1916) was an African American chemist who developed an injectable oil extract that was the most effective treatment for leprosy until the 1940s.
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Alice H. Parker
Alice H. Parker (b. 1895) was an African American inventor known for her contribution to the heating furnace.
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Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is an annual publication listing a set of events forthcoming in the next year.
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American Institute of Physics
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science, the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies.
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Amputation
Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
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Andrew Jackson Beard
Andrew Jackson Beard (1849–1921) was an African-American inventor.
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Andrews–Curtis conjecture
In mathematics, the Andrews–Curtis conjecture states that every balanced presentation of the trivial group can be transformed into a trivial presentation by a sequence of Nielsen transformations on the relators together with conjugations of relators, named after James J. Andrews and Morton L. Curtis who proposed it in 1965.
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Angle of incidence (optics)
In geometric optics, the angle of incidence is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal.
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Annie Easley
Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an African-American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist.
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Annual Reviews (publisher)
Annual Reviews, located in Palo Alto California, Annual Reviews is a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.
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Anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.
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Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.
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Archia Ross
Archia L. Ross, an African American inventor, received five U.S. patents for inventions at the turn of the 20th century.
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Archie Alexander
Archie Alphonso Alexander (May 14, 1888 – January 4, 1958) was an African-American mathematician and engineer.
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Arlie Petters
Arlie Oswald Petters, MBE (born February 8, 1964) is a Belizean-American mathematical physicist, who is the Benjamin Powell Professor of Mathematics and a Professor Physics and Economics at Duke University.
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Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.
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Arthur B. C. Walker Jr.
Arthur Bertram Cuthbert Walker Jr. (August 24, 1936 – April 29, 2001) was a solar physicist and a pioneer of EUV/XUV optics.
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Astrochemistry
Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".
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Atmospheric sciences
Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
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Augustin Banyaga
Augustin Banyaga (born March 31, 1947) is a Rwandan-born American mathematician whose research fields include symplectic topology and contact geometry.
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Author
An author is the creator or originator of any written work such as a book or play, and is thus also a writer.
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Automotive engineering
Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and marine engineering, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.
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Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.
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Baltimore–Washington Parkway
The Baltimore–Washington Parkway (also referred to as the B–W Parkway) is a highway in the U.S. state of Maryland, running southwest from Baltimore to Washington, D.C. The road begins at an interchange with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cheverly in Prince George's County at the D.C. border, and continues northeast as a parkway maintained by the National Park Service (NPS) to MD 175 near Fort Meade, serving many federal institutions.
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Beebe Steven Lynk
Beebe Steven Lynk (1872–1948) was one of the first African-American women chemists and chemistry teachers.
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Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.
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Ben Carson
Benjamin Solomon Carson Sr. (born September 18, 1951) is an American politician, author and former neurosurgeon serving as the 17th and current United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development since 2017, under the Trump Administration.
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Ben Montgomery
Benjamin Thornton Montgomery (1819–1877) was an influential African-American inventor, landowner, and freedman in Mississippi.
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Benjamin Banneker
Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731October 9, 1806) was a free African American almanac author, surveyor, naturalist, and farmer.
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Bessie Blount Griffin
Bessie Virginia Blount, also known as Bessie Blount Griffin, (November 24, 1914 – December 30, 2009) was a writer, physical therapist, inventor, and forensic scientist.
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Biochemist
Biochemists are scientists that are trained in biochemistry.
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Biological engineering
Biological engineering or bio-engineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products.
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Biologist
A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Biomedical engineering
Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic).
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Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies the approaches and methods of physics to study biological systems.
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Bisi Ezerioha
Bisi Ezerioha (born January 6, 1972) a.k.a. Ndubisi Ezerioha, a Nigerian-American, is a professional race car driver, engine builder, engineer, and industrialist.
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Blacksmith
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. whitesmith).
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Blackwell channel
The Blackwell channel is a deterministic broadcast channel model used in coding theory and information theory.
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Botany
Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
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Brain tumor
A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.
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Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.
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Broom
A broom is a cleaning tool consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick.
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Businessperson
A business person (also businessman or businesswoman) is a person involved in the business sector – in particular someone undertaking activities (commercial or industrial) for the purpose of generating cash flow, sales, and revenue utilizing a combination of human, financial, intellectual and physical capital with a view to fuelling economic development and growth.
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Carpentry
Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc.
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Cataract
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.
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Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
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Charles Henry Turner (zoologist)
Charles Henry Turner (February 3, 1867 – February 14, 1923) was an American research biologist, educator, zoologist, and comparative psychologist born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Charles R. Drew
Charles Richard Drew (June 3, 1904 – April 1, 1950) was an American physician, surgeon, and medical researcher.
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Charles W. Chappelle
Charles Ward Chappelle (July 11, 1872 – 1941) was an early 1900s African-American aviation pioneer and medal winner, electrical engineer, and businessman who was president of the USA’s African Union Company, Inc., whose mission in the early 1900s was to create small, modernized African cities for blacks with leased land from the Gold Coast (British colony) of West Africa.
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Chemical engineer
In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is a professional, who is equipped with the knowledge of chemical engineering, works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Chemist
A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.
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Chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline (trade name Aureomycin, Lederle) is a tetracycline antibiotic, the first tetracycline to be identified.
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Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)
Clarence "Skip" Ellis was an American computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
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Claude Steele
Claude Mason Steele (born January 1, 1946) is an African-American social psychologist.
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Clemson University
Clemson University is an American public, coeducational, land-grant and sea-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina.
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Clockmaker
A clockmaker is an artisan who makes and/or repairs clocks.
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Coding theory
Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications.
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Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women.
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Commentary (magazine)
Commentary is a monthly American magazine on religion, Judaism, and politics, as well as social and cultural issues.
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Computer engineering
Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of computer science and electronics engineering required to develop computer hardware and software.
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Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
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Computer scientist
A computer scientist is a person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.
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Corona
A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other stars.
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Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
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Cortisone
Cortisone, also known as 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane (21-carbon) steroid hormone.
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Craniopagus twins
Craniopagus twins are conjoined twins that are fused at the cranium.
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Creole language
A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages at a fairly sudden point in time: often, a pidgin transitioned into a full, native language.
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Daniel Hale Williams
Daniel Hale Williams (January 18, 1856 – August 4, 1931) was an African-American general surgeon, who in 1893 performed the first documented, successful pericardium surgery in the United States to repair a wound.
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Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.
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David Blackwell
David Harold Blackwell (April 24, 1919 – July 8, 2010) was an American statistician and mathematician who made significant contributions to game theory, probability theory, information theory, and Bayesian statistics.
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David Crosthwait
David N. Crosthwait Jr. (May 27, 1898 – February 25, 1976) was an African-American mechanical and electrical engineer, inventor, and writer.
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Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of smooth manifolds.
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Dorothy Vaughan
Dorothy Johnson Vaughan (September 20, 1910 – November 10, 2008) was an African American mathematician and human computer who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), and NASA, at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
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Dotdash
Dotdash (formerly About.com) is an American Internet-based network of content that publishes articles and videos about various subjects on its "topic sites", of which there are nearly 1,000.
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Dubnium
Dubnium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105.
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Duke University
Duke University is a private, non-profit, research university located in Durham, North Carolina.
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Earl W. Renfroe
Earl Wiley Renfroe (January 9, 1907 – November 14, 2000) was a history-maker in the field of orthodontics and in breaking down the barriers of racism.
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Economist
An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.
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Edward Bouchet
Edward Alexander Bouchet (September 15, 1852 – October 28, 1918) was an African American physicist and educator and was the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from any American university, completing his dissertation in physics at Yale in 1876.
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Electret microphone
An electret microphone is a type of electrostatic capacitor-based microphone, which eliminates the need for a polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged material.
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Elevator
An elevator (US and Canada) or lift (UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa, Nigeria) is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure.
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Elijah McCoy
Elijah J. McCoy (May 2, 1844 – October 10, 1929) was a Canadian born African American inventor and engineer who was notable for his 57 U.S. patents, most having to do with the lubrication of steam engines.
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Emmett Chappelle
Emmett W. Chappelle (born 25 October 1925) is a scientist who made valuable contributions in the fields of medicine, philanthropy, food science, and Astrochemistry.
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Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.
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Environmental chemistry
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
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Ephemeris
In astronomy and celestial navigation, an ephemeris (plural: ephemerides) gives the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times.
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
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Eponym
An eponym is a person, place, or thing after whom or after which something is named, or believed to be named.
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Equal employment opportunity
Equal employment opportunity is equal opportunity in employment.
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Erich Jarvis
Erich Jarvis is an American professor at The Rockefeller University.
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Ernest Everett Just
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941) was a pioneering African-American biologist, academic and science writer.
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, (EGD) also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum.
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Estimator
In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished.
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Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.
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Exploration
Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources.
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Fairchild Channel F
The Fairchild Channel F is a home video game console released by Fairchild Semiconductor in November 1976 across North America at the retail price of $169.95.
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Farmer
A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.
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Florida A&M University
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida.
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Fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.
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Food science
Food science is the applied science devoted to the study of food.
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Frederick McKinley Jones
Frederick McKinley Jones (May 17, 1893 – February 21, 1961) was an African-American inventor, entrepreneur, winner of the National Medal of Technology, and inductee of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
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Garrett Morgan
Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor and community leader of African-American descent.
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Gas mask
The gas mask is a mask used to protect the user from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases.
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Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology (MeSH heading) is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.
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Genealogical DNA test
A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to determine ancestral ethnicity and genealogical relationships.
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Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.
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Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.
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George Edward Alcorn Jr.
George Edward Alcorn Jr. (born March 22, 1940) is an American physicist and inventor who worked primarily for IBM and NASA.
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George Franklin Grant
George Franklin Grant (September 15, 1846 – August 21, 1910) was the first African-American professor at Harvard.
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George Robert Carruthers
George Robert Carruthers (born October 1, 1939) is an award-winning African-American inventor, physicist, and space scientist.
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George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver (1860sThe Notable Names Database states around 1860 citing a census report from 1870: "1864 is frequently cited as his birth year, but in the 1870 census form filed by Moses and Susan Carver he is listed as being ten years old.", NNDB. – January 5, 1943), was an American botanist and inventor.
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Glenn Research Center
NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is a NASA center, located within the cities of Brook Park and Cleveland between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Rocky River Reservation of Cleveland Metroparks, with a subsidiary facility in Sandusky, Ohio.
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Granville Woods
Granville Tailer Woods (April 23, 1856 – January 30, 1910) was an American inventor who held more than 50 patents.
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Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer.
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Group theory
In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.
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Harold Amos
Harold Amos (September 7, 1918 – February 26, 2003) was an American microbiologist and professor.
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Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hasbro
Hasbro, Inc. (an abbreviation of its original name, Hassenfeld Brothers) is an American multinational toy and board game company, It is the largest toy maker in the world in terms of stock market value, and third largest with revenues of approximately $5.12 billion.
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Henry Blair (inventor)
Henry Blair (1807–1860) was the second African American inventor to receive a patent.
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Henry Brown (inventor)
Henry Brown was an African-American inventor, perhaps best known as the inventor of a type of strongbox.
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Henry Cecil McBay
Henry Ransom Cecil McBay (1914–1995) was an African - American chemist and a teacher.
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Herman Branson
Herman Russell Branson (August 14, 1914 – June 7, 1995) was an African-American physicist, chemist, best known for his research on the alpha helix protein structure, and was also the president of two colleges.
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Hertz
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.
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Hildrus Poindexter
Hildrus Augustus "Gus" Poindexter (May 10, 1901 – April 21, 1987) was a bacteriologist who studied the epidemiology of tropical diseases.
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Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
The causes and mechanisms of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire are a historical theme that was introduced by historian Edward Gibbon in his 1776 book The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
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History of United States patent law
The history of United States patent law started even before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, with some state-specific patent laws.
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Horseshoe
A horseshoe is a fabricated product, normally made of metal, although sometimes made partially or wholly of modern synthetic materials, designed to protect a horse's hoof from wear.
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Hot comb
A hot comb (also known as a straightening comb) is a metal comb that is used to straighten moderate or coarse hair and create a smoother hair texture.
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HVAC
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.
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Hydnocarpus wightianus
Hydnocarpus wightianus or chaulmoogra is a tree in the Achariaceae family.
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IBM
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.
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Industry Standard Architecture
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is a retronym term for the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s.
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Information theory
Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.
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International business
International business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge at a global level.
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Inventor
An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method, form, device or other useful means that becomes known as an invention.
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Ironing
Ironing is the use of a heated tool (an iron) to remove wrinkles from fabric.
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J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr. (November 27, 1923 – May 12, 2011) was an African American nuclear scientist, mechanical engineer and mathematician.
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JAMA Internal Medicine
JAMA Internal Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal published monthly by the American Medical Association.
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James Andrew Harris
James Andrew Harris (March 26, 1932 – December 12, 2000) was a nuclear chemist who was involved in the discovery of elements 104 and 105 (rutherfordium and dubnium, respectively).
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James E. Bowman
James Edward Bowman Jr. (February 5, 1923 – September 28, 2011) was an American physician and specialist in pathology, hematology, and genetics.
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James Edward Maceo West
James Edward Maceo West (born February 10, 1931 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia) is an African American inventor and acoustician.
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James J. Andrews (mathematician)
James J. Andrews (March 18, 1930 – July 28, 1998) was an American mathematician, a professor of mathematics at Florida State University who specialized in knot theory, topology, and group theory.
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James McLurkin
James McLurkin (born in 1972) is an engineering assistant professor at Rice University specializing in swarm robotics.
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Jan Ernst Matzeliger
Jan Ernst Matzeliger (September 15, 1852 – August 24, 1889) was an inventor whose lasting machine brought significant change to the manufacturing of shoes.
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Jane C. Wright
Jane Cooke Wright (also known as "Jane Jones" or "Mr. David Jones") (November 30, 1919 – February 19, 2013) was a pioneering cancer researcher and surgeon noted for her contributions to chemotherapy.
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Janet Emerson Bashen
Janet Emerson Bashen is an American inventor, entrepreneur, and business consultant.
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Janney coupler
The Janney Coupler is a semi-automatic railway coupler.
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Jellyfish
Jellyfish or sea jelly is the informal common name given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Jerome H. Lemelson
Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson (July 18, 1923 – October 1, 1997) was an American engineer, inventor, and patent holder.
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Jerry Lawson (engineer)
Gerald Anderson "Jerry" Lawson (December 1, 1940 – April 9, 2011) was an American electronic engineer, and one of the few African-American engineers in the industry at that time.
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Jesse Russell
Jesse Eugene Russell (born April 26, 1948) is an African American inventor.
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Jet (magazine)
Jet is a magazine, currently in digital format, marketed to African-American readers.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in Pasadena, California, United States, with large portions of the campus in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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John Dabiri
John Oluseun Dabiri (John Olúseun Dábírí) (born 1980) is a Nigerian-American biophysicist, professor of aeronautics and bioengineering, currently at the Civil & Environmental Engineering department at Stanford University.
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John E. Hodge
John Edward Hodge (October 12, 1914 – January 3, 1996) was an African-American chemist, born in Kansas City, Kansas.
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John McWhorter
John Hamilton McWhorter V (born October 6, 1965) is an American academic and linguist who is Associate Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, where he teaches linguistics, American studies, philosophy, and music history.
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John Ogbu
John Uzo Ogbu (May 9, 1939 – 20 August 2003) was a Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor known for his theories on observed phenomena involving race and intelligence, especially how race and ethnic differences played out in educational and economic achievement.
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Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Joseph L. Graves
Joseph L. Graves, Jr. (born 1955), is an American Scientist and the Associate Dean for Research and Professor of Biological Studies at the Joint School for Nanoscience and Nanoengineering which is jointly administered by North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and UNC Greensboro.
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Juan E. Gilbert
Juan E. Gilbert (born February 27, 1969) is an American computer scientist, researcher, inventor, and educator.
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Katherine Johnson
Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson (born August 26, 1918) is an African-American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. manned spaceflights.
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Keith Black (surgeon)
Keith L. Black (born September 13, 1957) is an American neurosurgeon specializing in the treatment of brain tumors and a prolific campaigner for funding of cancer treatment.
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Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kenneth Bancroft Clark (July 14, 1914 – May 1, 2005) and Mamie Phipps Clark (April 18, 1917 – August 11, 1983) were African-American psychologists who as a married team conducted important research among children and were active in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Kerrie Holley
Kerrie Lamont Holley (born September 7, 1954) is an American software architect, author, researcher, consultant, and inventor and UnitedHealth Group, Optum Technology's first Technical Fellow.
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Kevin Greenaugh
Kevin Greenaugh, PhD (born May 15, 1956) is an American nuclear engineer and senior manager at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in Washington, DC, United States.
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Kunle Olukotun
Oyekunle Ayinde (Kunle) Olukotun is a pioneer of multi-core processors, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Stanford University and director of the Pervasive Parallelism Laboratory at Stanford.
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Kwabena Boahen
Kwabena Adu Boahen is an Associate Professor of bioengineering at Stanford University.
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Langley Research Center
Langley Research Center (LaRC or NASA Langley) located in Hampton, Virginia, United States, is the oldest of NASA's field centers.
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Larami
Larami Corp. was founded in 1947 and was a toy company whose products usually ranged from the cost of $0.39 to $0.99.
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Larry Robinson (chemist)
Larry Robinson is an American academic, administrator, former chemist and the current President of Florida A&M University (FAMU).
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Lawn mower
A lawn mower (mower) is a machine utilizing one or more revolving blades to cut a grass surface to an even height.
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an American federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States, founded by the University of California, Berkeley in 1952.
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Lee Stiff
Lee Vernon Stiff (born 1949) is an American mathematics education researcher, a professor in the Department of Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education at North Carolina State University, and the author of several mathematics textbooks.
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Lemelson–MIT Prize
The Lemelson-MIT Program awards several prizes yearly to inventors in the United States.
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Leonard C. Bailey
Leonard C. Bailey (1825–1918) was an African-American business owner and inventor.
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Leonidas Berry
Leonidas Harris Berry (20 July 1902 – 4 December 1995) was an American and pioneer in gastroscopy and endoscopy.
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Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
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Lewis Howard Latimer
Lewis Howard Latimer (September 4, 1848 – December 11, 1928) was an American inventor and draftsman.
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Lewis Temple
Lewis Temple (1 October 1800 – 5 May 1854) was an American blacksmith, abolitionist, and inventor.
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Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
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List of African educators, scientists and scholars
This is a list of African educators, scientists and scholars who were born or active on the African continent.
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List of African-American mathematicians
The bestselling book and film, Hidden Figures, celebrated the role of African-American women mathematicians in the space race, and the barriers they had to overcome to study and pursue a career in mathematics and related fields.
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List of African-American women in medicine
African-American women have been practicing medicine informally in the contexts of midwifery and herbalism centuries, but have only been practicing medicine formally as physicians since 1864, when Rebecca Crumpler became the first African-American woman to earn a medical degree.
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List of African-American women in STEM fields
The following is a list of notable African-American women who have made contributions to the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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Lists of African Americans
This is a list of African Americans, an ethnic group of Americans from the United States.
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Lloyd Hall
Lloyd Augustus Hall (June 19, 1894 – January 2, 1971) was an African American chemist, who contributed to the science of food preservation.
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Lloyd Noel Ferguson
Lloyd Noel Ferguson (February 9, 1918 – November 30, 2011) was an African American chemist.
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Lloyd Quarterman
Lloyd A. Quarterman (May 31, 1918 – August 1982) was an African American chemist working mainly with fluorine.
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Lonnie Johnson (inventor)
Lonnie George Johnson (born October 6, 1949) is an American inventor and engineer who holds more than 120 patents.
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Louis T. Wright
Louis Tompkins Wright (July 23, 1891 – October 8, 1952) was an American surgeon and civil rights activist.
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Madam C. J. Walker
Sarah Breedlove (December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919), known as Madam C. J. Walker, was an African-American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and a political and social activist.
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Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Marie Maynard Daly
Marie Maynard Daly (April 16, 1921 – October 28, 2003) was an American biochemist.
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Marie Van Brittan Brown
Marie Van Brittan Brown (October 30, 1922 – February 2, 1999) was an African-American inventor, becoming the originator of the home security system in 1966, along with her husband Albert Brown, a patent was granted in 1969.
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Mark Dean (computer scientist)
Mark E. Dean (born March 2, 1957) is an American inventor and computer engineer.
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Markov chain
A Markov chain is "a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event".
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Mary Eliza Mahoney
Mary Eliza Mahoney (May 7, 1845 – January 4, 1926) was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States, graduating in 1879.
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Mary Jackson (engineer)
Mary Winston Jackson (April 9, 1921 – February 11, 2005) was an African American mathematician and aerospace engineer at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which in 1958 was succeeded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.
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Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
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Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Methotrexate
Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant.
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Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes.
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.
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Miriam Benjamin
Miriam E. Benjamin (September 16, 1861 – 1947) was an American school teacher and inventor from Washington, D.C. On July 17, 1888 she obtained a patent for her invention, the Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels.
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Morton L. Curtis
Morton Landers Curtis (November 11, 1921 – February 4, 1989) was an American mathematician, an expert on group theory and the W. L. Moody, Jr. Professor of Mathematics at Rice University.
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Mozilla
Mozilla (stylized as moz://a) is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape.
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Mulatto
Mulatto is a term used to refer to people born of one white parent and one black parent or to people born of a mulatto parent or parents.
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Multi-core processor
A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent processing units called cores, which read and execute program instructions.
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Murphy bed
A Murphy bed (in North America), also called a wall bed, pull down bed, or fold-down bed, is a bed that is hinged at one end to store vertically against the wall, or inside a closet or cabinet.
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NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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NASA spinoff technologies
NASA spinoff technologies are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of NASA, through research and development contracts, such as Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) or STTR awards, licensing of NASA patents, use of NASA facilities, technical assistance from NASA personnel, or data from NASA research.
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National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
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National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a U.S. federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research.
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National Center for Atmospheric Research
The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
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National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) was founded in 1920.
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National Inventors Hall of Fame
The National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) is an American not-for-profit organization which recognizes individual engineers and inventors who hold a U.S. patent of highly significant technology.
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National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.
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National Science Board
The National Science Board (Board, NSB) of the United States establishes the policies of the National Science Foundation (NSF) within the framework of applicable national policies set forth by the President and the Congress.
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Neil deGrasse Tyson
Neil deGrasse Tyson (born October 5, 1958) is an American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator.
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Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in the field of neuroscience, the branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons and neural circuits and especially their association with behaviour and learning.
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Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery, or neurological surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.
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Norbert Rillieux
Norbert Rillieux (March 17, 1806 – October 8, 1894) was an American inventor who was widely considered one of the earliest chemical engineers and noted for his pioneering invention of the multiple-effect evaporator.
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Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of breaking down atomic nuclei (fission) or of combining atomic nuclei (fusion), or with the application of other sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics.
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Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions.
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Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery (both methods are used) that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball and orbit.
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Optical coating
An optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light.
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Orthodontics
Orthodontia, also called orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, is a specialty field of dentistry that deals primarily with malpositioned teeth and the jaws: their diagnosis, prevention and correction.
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Otis Boykin
Otis Frank Boykin (August 29, 1920, Dallas, Texas – March 13, 1982, Chicago, Illinois) was an African-American inventor and engineer.
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PARC (company)
PARC (Palo Alto Research Center; formerly Xerox PARC) is a research and development company in Palo Alto, California, with a distinguished reputation for its contributions to information technology and hardware systems.
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Patricia Bath
Patricia Era Bath (born November 4, 1942, in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City) is an American ophthalmologist, inventor, humanitarian, and academic.
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Paul Du Chaillu
Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (July 31, 1831 (disputed)April 29, 1903) was a French-American traveler, zoologist, and anthropologist.
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Pediatrics
Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
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Percy Lavon Julian
Percy Lavon Julian (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an African American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants.
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Physical therapy
Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force and movements (bio-mechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.
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Physician
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
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Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
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Physostigmine
Physostigmine (also known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
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Phytosterol
Phytosterols, which encompass plant sterols and stanols, are phytosteroids, similar to cholesterol, which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.
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Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, also known simply as the "PG", is the largest daily newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Powtawche Valerino
Powtawche Valerino is an American mechanical engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
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Pritzker School of Medicine
The Pritzker School of Medicine is the M.D.-granting unit of the Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago.
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Probability theory
Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Psychologist
A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states from cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.
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Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short.
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Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.
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Rao–Blackwell theorem
In statistics, the Rao–Blackwell theorem, sometimes referred to as the Rao–Blackwell–Kolmogorov theorem, is a result which characterizes the transformation of an arbitrarily crude estimator into an estimator that is optimal by the mean-squared-error criterion or any of a variety of similar criteria.
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Raphael Carl Lee
Raphael Carl Lee (born October 29, 1949 in Sumter, South Carolina) is an American surgeon, medical researcher, biomedical engineer, and entrepreneur.
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Réunion
Réunion (La Réunion,; previously Île Bourbon) is an island and region of France in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and southwest of Mauritius.
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Research
Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
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Retina
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
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Rick Kittles
Rick Antonius Kittles (born in Sylvania, Georgia, United States) is an American biologist specializing in human genetics.
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Robotics
Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and others.
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Roger Arliner Young
Roger Arliner Young (1889 – November 9, 1964) was an American scientist of zoology, biology, and marine biology.
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Roland G. Fryer Jr.
Roland Gerhard Fryer Jr. (born June 4, 1977) is an American economist who is currently the Henry Lee Professor of Economics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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ROM cartridge
A ROM cartridge, sometimes referred to simply as a cartridge or cart, is a removable enclosure containing ROM designed to be connected to a consumer electronics device such as a home computer, video game console and to a lesser extent, electronic musical instruments.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Ronald McNair
Ronald Erwin McNair (October 21, 1950 – January 28, 1986) was an American physicist and NASA astronaut.
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Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after physicist Ernest Rutherford.
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Safe
A safe (also called a strongbox or coffer) is a secure lockable box used for securing valuable objects against theft and/or damage from fire.
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Samuel L. Kountz
Dr.
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Sarah Boone
Sarah Boone (1832–1904) was an African American inventor who on April 26, 1892, obtained United States patent rights for her improvements to the ironing board.
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Sarah E. Goode
Sarah Elisabeth Goode (1855 – April 8, 1905) was an entrepreneur and inventor.
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Science and technology in the United States
The United States of America came into being around the Age of Enlightenment (1685 to 1815), an era in Western philosophy in which writers and thinkers, rejecting the perceived superstitions of the past, instead chose to emphasize the intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority.
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Scientist
A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world.
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Scott W. Williams
Scott Williams (born April 22, 1943 in Staten Island, New York) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University at Buffalo, SUNY.
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Service Integration Maturity Model
The Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM) is a standardized model for organizations to guide their transformation to a service based business model.
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Service-oriented modeling
Service-oriented modeling is the discipline of modeling business and software systems, for the purpose of designing and specifying service-oriented business systems within a variety of architectural styles and paradigms, such as application architecture, service-oriented architecture, microservices, and cloud computing.
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Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson FREng (born August 5, 1946) is an American physicist, and the eighteenth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
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Shoaling and schooling
In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling (pronounced), and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling (pronounced). In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely.
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Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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Smoke hood
A smoke hood is a protective device similar in concept to a gas mask.
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Social science
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Soni Oyekan
Soni Olufemi Olubunmi Oyekan is a Nigerian-American chemical engineer.
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Spingarn Medal
The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for outstanding achievement by an African American.
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St. Elmo Brady
Saint Elmo Brady (December 22, 1884 – December 25, 1966) was the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. degree in chemistry in the United States.
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Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics.
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Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
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Stereotype threat
Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Stigmasterol
Stigmasterol (also known as Wulzen anti-stiffness factor) is a plant sterol, or phytosterol.
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Stoop (architecture)
In urban architecture, a stoop is a small staircase ending in a platform and leading to the entrance of an apartment building or other building.
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Street sweeper
A street sweeper or street cleaner may refer to a person's occupation, or a machine that cleans streets.
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Super Soaker
Super Soaker is a brand of recreational water gun that utilizes manually-pressurized air to shoot water with greater power, range, and accuracy than conventional squirt pistols.
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Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity where supersymmetry obeys locality; in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
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Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.
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Supersymmetry
In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.
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Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a physician who performs surgical operations.
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Surgical technologist
A Surgical Technologist, also called a scrub, scrub tech, surgical technician, or operating room technician, is an allied health professional working as a part of the team delivering surgical care.
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Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
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Sylvester James Gates
Sylvester James Gates Jr. (born December 15, 1950), known as S. James Gates the 6th or Jim Gates, is an American theoretical physicist who works on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory.
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Symplectomorphism
In mathematics, a symplectomorphism or symplectic map is an isomorphism in the category of symplectic manifolds.
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Syringe
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes it's actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel.
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Teacher
A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.
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Technological and industrial history of the United States
The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world.
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Tee
A tee is a stand used to support a stationary ball so that the player can strike it, particularly in golf, tee ball, American football, and rugby.
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Telescope
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
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Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.
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Thomas L. Jennings
Thomas L. Jennings (1791 – February 12, 1856) was an African-American tradesman and abolitionist in New York City, New York.
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Thomas Mensah
Thomas O. Mensah (born around 1950) is a Ghanaian-American chemical engineer and inventor.
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Thomas Sowell
Thomas Sowell (born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist who is currently Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
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Tidal Basin
The Tidal Basin is a partially man-made reservoir between the Potomac River and the Washington Channel in Washington, D.C. It is part of West Potomac Park and is a focal point of the National Cherry Blossom Festival held each spring.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of United States discoveries
Timeline of United States discoveries encompasses the breakthroughs of human thought and knowledge of new scientific findings, phenomena, places, things, and what was previously unknown to exist.
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Timeline of United States inventions
The following articles cover the timeline of United States inventions.
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Tropical disease
Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions.
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U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
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U.S. Route 29 in the District of Columbia
U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in the District of Columbia is a U.S. highway which enters D.C. via Key Bridge from Arlington, Virginia, and exits at Silver Spring, Maryland.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.
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United States Patent and Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that issues patents to inventors and businesses for their inventions, and trademark registration for product and intellectual property identification.
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United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Maryland, College Park
The University of Maryland, College Park (commonly referred to as the University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland, approximately from the northeast border of Washington, D.C. Founded in 1856, the university is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland.
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University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Ventilation (architecture)
Ventilation is the intentional introduction of ambient air into a space and is mainly used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants; it can also be used for purposes of thermal comfort or dehumidification.
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Video game console
A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.
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Vivien Thomas
Vivien Theodore Thomas (August 29, 1910 – November 26, 1985) was an African-American surgical technician who developed the procedures used to treat blue baby syndrome (now known as cyanotic heart disease) in the 1940s.
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Walter E. Williams
Walter Edward Williams (born March 31, 1936) is an American economist, commentator, and academic.
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Walter Lincoln Hawkins
Hawkins was born on March 21,1911, in Washington, D.C. His father was a lawyer for the U.S. Census Bureau and his mother was a science teacher in the District of Columbia school system.
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Warren M. Washington
Warren M. Washington (born August 28, 1936) is an American atmospheric scientist, a former chair of the National Science Board, and currently senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado.
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Willie Hobbs Moore
Willie Hobbs Moore (1934–1994) was the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics.
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Wind farm
A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity.
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Window Snyder
Window Snyder (1975–) is chief security officer, vice president and general manager of Intel's Platform Security Division.
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Wireless
Wireless communication, or sometimes simply wireless, is the transfer of information or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.
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X-ray spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy is a gathering name for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray excitation.
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Yale University
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Yankee ingenuity
Yankee ingenuity is a stereotype of inventiveness, technical solutions to practical problems, "know-how," self-reliance and individual enterprise associated with the Yankees, who originated in New England and developed much of the industrial revolution in the United States after 1800.
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Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850.
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Zoology
Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
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Redirects here:
African American inventor, African American scientists, African-American inventor, List of African American inventors and scientists, List of African-American inventors, List of black inventors and scientists, Notable black innovators, inventors and scientists.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists
