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260 relations: Aamber Pegasus, ABC 80, ABC 800, Acorn Archimedes, Acorn Atom, Acorn Electron, Acorn Eurocard systems, Agat (computer), Alphanumeric, Amiga, Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture, Amiga CD32, Amiga Enhanced Chip Set, Amstrad CPC, Amstrad CPC 464, Amstrad PCW, ANTIC, APF Imagination Machine, Apple I, Apple II, Apple IIc, Apple IIe, Apple IIGS, Apple III, Apple Lisa, Application-specific integrated circuit, ASCII, Aster CT-80, Atari 2600, Atari 8-bit family, Atari Falcon, Atari ST, Attribute clash, Backward compatibility, Bally Astrocade, BASIC, BBC Micro, Bell character, Bildschirmtext, BIOS, Bit, Bit blit, Bit plane, Bitmap, Blanking (video), Blitter, Box-drawing character, Bresenham's line algorithm, Camputers Lynx, Casio, ..., Ceefax, Central processing unit, CHIP-8, Coleco Adam, Color Graphics Adapter, Colour Genie, Commodore 128, Commodore 16, Commodore 64, Commodore 65, Commodore CBM-II, Commodore PET, Commodore Plus/4, Commodore VIC-20, Complex programmable logic device, Composite video, Compucolor II, Compukit UK101, Computer terminal, Comx-35, COSMAC VIP, CP/M, Cromemco Dazzler, CTIA and GTIA, DAI Personal Computer, Datapoint 2200, Desktop computer, Device register, Digital video effect, Display list, Dither, Dot matrix, Durango F-85, Electronika BK, Enhanced Graphics Adapter, Enterprise (computer), Escape sequence, Exidy Sorcerer, Ferguson Big Board, Ferranti, Field-programmable gate array, FIFO (computing and electronics), FM-7, Font, Framebuffer, Galaksija (computer), Gate array, General Instrument AY-3-8910, Genlock, Geometric Shapes, Graphics processing unit, Grundy NewBrain, Hardware acceleration, Hercules Graphics Card, Hold-And-Modify, Home computer, I²C, IBM Monochrome Display Adapter, IBM PC compatible, IBM PCjr, IBM PS/1, Image resolution, Indirection, Intel 8080, Intel 8085, Interact Home Computer, Jupiter Ace, Kaypro, KC 85, Kilobyte, Letter case, Light pen, LINK 480Z, List of Apple II clones, List of color palettes, List of early microcomputers, List of home computers, List of TRS-80 clones, LNW-80, Logic gate, Machine code, Macintosh 128K, Macintosh XL, Matra Alice, Mattel, Mattel Aquarius, Max-80, Memory refresh, Memotech MTX, MicroBee, Microsoft BASIC, Mode X, Monochrome, MOS Technology 6502, MOS Technology 8563, MOS Technology Agnus, MOS Technology TED, MOS Technology VIC, MOS Technology VIC-II, Motorola 6809, Motorola 6845, Motorola 6847, MSX, MSX BASIC, Mullard SAA5050, MUPID, Nascom (computer kit), NCR Corporation, Ohio Scientific, Orao (computer), Oric, Original Chip Set, Osborne 1, Osborne Executive, Osborne Vixen, Palette (computing), Panasonic JR-200, PC-6000 series, PC-8000 series, PC-8800 series, PDP-11, Personal computer, PETSCII, Philips P2000, PMD 85, Pointer (user interface), Poly-1, Prestel, Programmable logic array, Programmable logic device, Quad Flat Package, Random-access memory, RCA CDP1861, Read-only memory, Research Machines 380Z, RISC OS, RiscPC, RM Nimbus, Robotron KC 87, S-100 bus, SAM Coupé, Scan line, Scrolling, Semigraphics, Shift register, Signetics, Sinclair QL, Sony SMC-70, Sord M5, SPC-1000, Sprite (computer graphics), Stick figure, Suit (cards), SV-318, SV-328, Synchronization, Tandy 1000, Tatung Einstein, Technicolor SA, Teletext, Television Interface Adaptor, Telmac 1800, Telmac TMC-600, Tessellation, Texas Instruments, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Texas Instruments TMS9918, Text mode, Thomson EF936x, Thomson MO5, Thomson MO6, Thomson TO7, Thomson TO8, Tiki 100, Tile-based video game, Time-division multiplexing, Timex Sinclair 2068, Tomy Tutor, TRS-80, TRS-80 Color Computer, TRS-80 MC-10, Tube (BBC Micro), Vector-06C, Vertical blanking interval, Very-large-scale integration, VIDC1, VIDC20, Video, Video display controller, Video game, Video Graphics Array, Video overlay, Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM), VideoBrain Family Computer, Videotex, VLSI Technology, VTech Laser 200, X1 (computer), X68000, X86, Xerox 820, Yamaha V9938, Yamaha V9958, Z-buffering, Zilog Z80, ZX Spectrum, ZX Spectrum graphic modes, ZX80, ZX81, ZX8301. Expand index (210 more) »
Aamber Pegasus
Aamber Pegasus PCB with MONITOR 1.0, FORTH 1.1A and FORTH 1.1B EPROMs installed. The Aamber Pegasus is a home computer first produced in New Zealand in 1981 by Technosys Research Labs.
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ABC 80
The ABC 80 (Advanced BASIC Computer 80) was a personal computer engineered by the Swedish corporation Dataindustrier AB (DIAB) and manufactured by Luxor in Motala, Sweden in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
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ABC 800
The Luxor ABC 800 series are office-versions of the ABC 80 home computer.
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Acorn Archimedes
The Acorn Archimedes is a family of personal computers designed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge (England) and sold in the late-1980s to mid-1990s, Acorn's first general-purpose home computer based on its own ARM architecture (initially the CPU and architecture was known as Acorn RISC Machine, or ARM; it later became one of the most widely used CPU architectures in the world, used in most smartphones among many other uses).
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Acorn Atom
The Acorn Atom is a home computer made by Acorn Computers Ltd from 1980 to 1982, when it was replaced by the BBC Micro.
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Acorn Electron
The Acorn Electron is a budget version of the BBC Micro educational/home computer made by Acorn Computers Ltd.
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Acorn Eurocard systems
The Acorn Eurocard systems were a series of modular microcomputer systems based on rack-mounted Eurocards developed by Acorn Computers from 1979 to 1982, aimed primarily at industrial and laboratory use, but also home enthusiasts.
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Agat (computer)
The Agat (Агат) was a series of 8-bit computers produced in the Soviet Union.
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Alphanumeric
Alphanumeric is a combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits or a text constructed from this collection.
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Amiga
The Amiga is a family of personal computers introduced by Commodore in 1985.
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Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture
Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) is the third-generation Amiga graphic chipset, first used in the Amiga 4000 in 1992.
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Amiga CD32
The Amiga CD32, styled "CD32" and code-named "Spellbound", was the first 32-bit home video game console released in western Europe, Australia, Canada and Brazil.
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Amiga Enhanced Chip Set
The Enhanced Chip Set (ECS) is the second generation of the Amiga computer's chipset, offering minor improvements over the original chipset (OCS) design.
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Amstrad CPC
The Amstrad CPC (short for Colour Personal Computer) is a series of 8-bit home computers produced by Amstrad between 1984 and 1990.
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Amstrad CPC 464
The CPC 464 was the first personal home computer built by Amstrad in 1984.
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Amstrad PCW
The Amstrad PCW series is a range of personal computers produced by British company Amstrad from 1985 to 1998, and also sold under licence in Europe as the "Joyce" by the German electronics company Schneider in the early years of the series' life.
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ANTIC
Alphanumeric Television Interface Controller (ANTIC) is an LSI ASIC dedicated to generating 2D computer graphics to be shown on a television screen or computer display.
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APF Imagination Machine
The APF Imagination Machine is a combination home video game console and computer system released by APF Electronics Inc.
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Apple I
Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, is a desktop computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976.
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Apple II
The Apple II (stylized as Apple.
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Apple IIc
The Apple IIc, the fourth model in the Apple II series of personal computers, is Apple Computer’s first endeavor to produce a portable computer.
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Apple IIe
The Apple IIe (styled as Apple //e) is the third model in the Apple II series of personal computers produced by Apple Computer.
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Apple IIGS
The Apple IIGS (styled as II), the fifth and most powerful model of the Apple II family, is a 16-bit personal computer produced by Apple Computer, Inc.
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Apple III
The Apple III (often styled as apple ///) is a business-oriented personal computer produced and released by Apple Computer in 1980.
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Apple Lisa
The Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, released on January 19, 1983.
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Application-specific integrated circuit
An Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
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ASCII
ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.
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Aster CT-80
The Aster CT-80, an early (1982) home/personal computer developed by the small Dutch company MCP (later renamed to Aster Computers), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists.
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Atari 2600
The Atari 2600 (or Atari Video Computer System before November 1982) is a home video game console from Atari, Inc. Released on September 11, 1977, it is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and games contained on ROM cartridges, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976.
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Atari 8-bit family
The Atari 8-bit family is a series of 8-bit home computers introduced by Atari, Inc. in 1979 and manufactured until 1992.
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Atari Falcon
The Atari Falcon030 Computer System is a personal computer released by Atari Corporation in 1992.
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Atari ST
The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family.
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Attribute clash
Attribute clash (also known as colour clash or bleeding) is a display artifact caused by limits in the graphics circuitry of some colour 8-bit home computers, most notably the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, where it meant that only two colours could be used in any 8×8 tile of pixels.
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Backward compatibility
Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing.
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Bally Astrocade
The Astrocade is a second generation home video game console and simple computer system designed by a team at Midway, at that time the videogame division of Bally.
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BASIC
BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.
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BBC Micro
The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer System, or BBC Micro, is a series of microcomputers and associated peripherals designed and built by the Acorn Computer company for the BBC Computer Literacy Project, operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation.
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Bell character
A bell code (sometimes bell character) is a device control code originally sent to ring a small electromechanical bell on tickers and other teleprinters and teletypewriters to alert operators at the other end of the line, often of an incoming message.
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Bildschirmtext
Bildschirmtext (German "screen text", abbrev. Btx or BTX) was a V.23 online service (an interactive videotex system) launched in West Germany in 1983 by the Deutsche Bundespost, the (West) German postal service.
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BIOS
BIOS (an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-volatile firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
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Bit
The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.
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Bit blit
Bit blit (also written BITBLT, BIT BLT, BitBLT, Bit BLT, Bit Blt etc., which stands for bit block transfer) is a data operation commonly used in computer graphics in which several bitmaps are combined into one using a boolean function.
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Bit plane
A bit plane of a digital discrete signal (such as image or sound) is a set of bits corresponding to a given bit position in each of the binary numbers representing the signal.
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Bitmap
In computing, a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits.
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Blanking (video)
In raster scan equipment, an image is built up by scanning an electron beam from left to right across a screen to produce a visible trace of one scan line, reducing the brightness of the beam to zero (horizontal blanking), moving it back as fast as possible to the left of the screen at a slightly lower position (the next scan line), restoring the brightness, and continuing until all the lines have been displayed and the beam is at the bottom right of the screen.
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Blitter
A blitter is a circuit, sometimes as a coprocessor or a logic block on a microprocessor, dedicated to the rapid movement and modification of data within a computer's memory.
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Box-drawing character
Box-drawing characters, also known as line-drawing characters, are a form of semigraphics widely used in text user interfaces to draw various geometric frames and boxes.
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Bresenham's line algorithm
Bresenham's line algorithm is an algorithm that determines the points of an n-dimensional raster that should be selected in order to form a close approximation to a straight line between two points.
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Camputers Lynx
The Lynx was an 8-bit British home computer that was first released in early 1983 as a 48 kB model.
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Casio
is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and commercial electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ceefax
Ceefax was the world's first teletext information service and a forerunner to the current BBC Red Button service.
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Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
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CHIP-8
CHIP-8 is an interpreted programming language, developed by Joseph Weisbecker.
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Coleco Adam
The Coleco Adam is a home computer, and expansion for the ColecoVision (port 3), released in 1983 by American toy and video game manufacturer Coleco Industries, Inc..
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Color Graphics Adapter
The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), originally also called the Color/Graphics Adapter or IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter, introduced in 1981, was IBM's first graphics card and first color display card for the IBM PC.
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Colour Genie
The EACA EG2000 Colour Genie was a computer produced by Hong Kong-based manufacturer EACA and introduced in Germany in August 1982.
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Commodore 128
The Commodore 128, also known as the C128, C-128, C.
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Commodore 16
The Commodore 16 is a home computer made by Commodore International with a 6502-compatible 7501 or 8501 CPU, released in 1984 and intended to be an entry-level computer to replace the VIC-20.
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Commodore 64
The Commodore 64, also known as the C64 or the CBM 64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, in Las Vegas, January 7–10, 1982).
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Commodore 65
The Commodore 65 (also known as the C64DX) is a prototype computer created at Commodore Business Machines in 1990-1991.
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Commodore CBM-II
The Commodore CBM-II series is a short-lived range of 8-bit personal computers from Commodore Business Machines (CBM), released in 1982 and intended as a follow-on to the Commodore PET series.
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Commodore PET
The Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) is a line of home/personal computers produced starting in 1977 by Commodore International.
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Commodore Plus/4
The Commodore Plus/4 is a home computer released by Commodore International in 1984.
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Commodore VIC-20
The VIC-20 (in Germany: VC-20; In Japan: VIC-1001) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines.
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Complex programmable logic device
A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of PALs and FPGAs, and architectural features of both.
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Composite video
Composite video (one channel) is an analog video transmission (without audio) that carries standard definition video typically at 480i or 576i resolution.
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Compucolor II
The Compucolor was an early color home computer product introduced in 1977 by Compucolor Corporation of Norcross, Georgia.
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Compukit UK101
The Compukit UK101 microcomputer (1979) is a kit clone of the Ohio Scientific Superboard II single-board computer, with a few enhancements for the UK market - notably replacing the 24×24 (add guardband kit to give 32×32) screen display with a more useful 48×16 layout working at UK video frequencies.
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Computer terminal
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying or printing data from, a computer or a computing system.
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Comx-35
The COMX-35 was a home computer that was one of the very few systems to use the RCA 1802 microprocessor, the same microprocessor that is also used in some space probes.
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COSMAC VIP
The COSMAC VIP (1977) was an early microcomputer that was aimed at video games.
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CP/M
CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc.
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Cromemco Dazzler
Cromemco's Dazzler (or TV DAZZLER) was a graphics card for S-100 bus computers.
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CTIA and GTIA
Color Television Interface Adaptor (CTIA) and its successor Graphic Television Interface Adaptor (GTIA) are custom chips used in the Atari 8-bit family of computers and in the Atari 5200 console.
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DAI Personal Computer
The DAI personal computer is a rare, early home computer from the Belgian company Data Applications International.
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Datapoint 2200
The Datapoint 2200 was a mass-produced programmable terminal, designed by Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC) founders Phil Ray and Gus RocheLamont Wood,, Computerworld, 8 August 2008 and announced by CTC in June 1970 (with units shipping in 1971).
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Desktop computer
A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements.
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Device register
A Device Register is the view any device presents to a programmer.
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Digital video effect
Digital Video Effects, commonly called DVEs, are visual effects that provide comprehensive video image manipulation, in the same form as optical printer effects in film.
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Display list
A display list (or display file) is a series of graphics commands that define an output image.
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Dither
Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images.
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Dot matrix
A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols and images.
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Durango F-85
The Durango F-85 was an early personal computer introduced in September 1978 by Durango Systems Corporation, a company started in 1977 by George E. Comstock, John M. Scandalios and Charles L. Waggoner, all formerly of Diablo Systems.
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Electronika BK
The Electronika BK is a series of 16-bit PDP-11-compatible Soviet home computers developed under the Electronika brand by NPO Scientific Center, the leading Soviet microcomputer design team at the time.
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Enhanced Graphics Adapter
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC computer display standard from 1984 that superseded and exceeded the capabilities of the CGA standard introduced with the original IBM PC, and was itself superseded by the VGA standard in 1987.
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Enterprise (computer)
The Enterprise is a Zilog Z80-based home computer first produced in 1985.
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Escape sequence
An escape sequence is a series of characters used to change the state of computers and their attached peripheral devices, rather than to be displayed or printed as regular data bytes would be.
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Exidy Sorcerer
The Sorcerer is one of the early home computer systems, released in 1978 by the videogame company Exidy.
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Ferguson Big Board
The Big Board (1980) and Big Board II (1982) were Z80 based single-board computers designed by Jim Ferguson.
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Ferranti
Ferranti or Ferranti International plc was a UK electrical engineering and equipment firm that operated for over a century from 1885 until it went bankrupt in 1993.
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Field-programmable gate array
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence "field-programmable".
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FIFO (computing and electronics)
FIFO is an acronym for first in, first out, a method for organizing and manipulating a data buffer, where the oldest (first) entry, or 'head' of the queue, is processed first.
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FM-7
The FM-7 ("Fujitsu Micro 7") is a home computer created by Fujitsu, first released in 1982, sold in Japan and Spain.
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Font
In metal typesetting, a font was a particular size, weight and style of a typeface.
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Framebuffer
A framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display.
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Galaksija (computer)
The Galaksija (pronounced Galaxiya, meaning Galaxy) was a build-it-yourself computer designed by Voja Antonić.
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Gate array
A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops,etc.) according to a custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory.
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General Instrument AY-3-8910
The AY-3-8910 is a 3-voice programmable sound generator (PSG) designed by General Instrument in 1978, initially for use with their 16-bit CP1610 or one of the PIC1650 series of 8-bit microcomputers.
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Genlock
Genlock (generator locking) is a common technique where the video output of one source, or a specific reference signal from a signal generator, is used to synchronize other picture sources together.
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Geometric Shapes
Geometric Shapes is a Unicode block of 96 symbols at code point range U+25A0-25FF.
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Graphics processing unit
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
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Grundy NewBrain
The Grundy NewBrain was a microcomputer sold in the early 1980s by Grundy Business Systems Ltd of Teddington and Cambridge, England.
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Hardware acceleration
In computing, hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on a more general-purpose CPU.
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Hercules Graphics Card
The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) is a computer graphics controller made by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc. that combines IBM's text-only MDA display standard with a bitmapped graphics mode.
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Hold-And-Modify
Hold-And-Modify, usually abbreviated as HAM, is a display mode of the Commodore Amiga computer.
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Home computer
Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.
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I²C
I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), pronounced I-squared-C, is a synchronous, multi-master, multi-slave, packet switched, single-ended, serial computer bus invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductor (now NXP Semiconductors).
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IBM Monochrome Display Adapter
The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) is IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC introduced in 1981.
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IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible computers are computers similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to use the same software and expansion cards.
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IBM PCjr
The IBM PCjr (read "PC junior") was IBM's first attempt to enter the home computer market.
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IBM PS/1
The IBM PS/1 is a brand for a line of personal computers that marked IBM's return to the home market in 1990, five years after the IBM PCjr.
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Image resolution
Image resolution is the detail an image holds.
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Indirection
In computer programming, indirection (also called "dereferencing") is the ability to reference something using a name, reference, or container instead of the value itself.
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Intel 8080
The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") was the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel and was released in April 1974.
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Intel 8085
The Intel 8085 ("eighty-eighty-five") is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel and introduced in 1976.
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Interact Home Computer
The Interact Home Computer is a rare, very early (1978) American home computer made by Interact Electronics Inc of Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Jupiter Ace
The Jupiter Ace was a British home computer of the early 1980s.
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Kaypro
Kaypro Corporation was an American home/personal computer manufacturer of the 1980s.
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KC 85
The KC 85 ('KC' meaning "Kleincomputer", or "small computer") were models of microcomputers built in East Germany, first in 1984 by VEB Robotron (the KC 85/1) and later by VEB Mikroelektronik "Wilhelm Pieck" Mühlhausen (KC 85/2, KC 85/3 and KC 85/4).
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Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
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Letter case
Letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.
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Light pen
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT display.
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LINK 480Z
The LINK 480Z was an 8-bit microcomputer produced by Research Machines Limited in Oxford, England, during the early 1980s.
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List of Apple II clones
The following is an incomplete list of clones of Apple's Apple II home computer.
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List of color palettes
This article is a list of the color palettes for notable computer graphics, terminals and video game console hardware.
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List of early microcomputers
This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers.
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List of home computers
The home computers between 1977 and about 1990 were different from today's uniform and predictable machines.
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List of TRS-80 clones
The following is a list of clones of Tandy's TRS-80 model I and III home computers.
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LNW-80
The LNW-80, released in 1982, is the first computer built by LNW Research.
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Logic gate
In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function; that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output.
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Machine code
Machine code is a computer program written in machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
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Macintosh 128K
The Macintosh 128K, originally released as the Apple Macintosh, is the original Apple Macintosh personal computer.
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Macintosh XL
The Macintosh XL is a modified version of the Apple Lisa personal computer made by Apple Computer, Inc. In the Macintosh XL configuration, the computer shipped with MacWorks XL, a Lisa program that allowed 64 K Macintosh ROM emulation.
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Matra Alice
The Matra & Hachette Ordinateur Alice was a home computer sold in France beginning in 1983.
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Mattel
Mattel, Inc. is an American multinational toy manufacturing company founded in 1945 with headquarters in El Segundo, California.
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Mattel Aquarius
Aquarius is a home computer designed by Radofin and released by Mattel in 1983.
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Max-80
The MAX-80 is a personal computer released in 1982 by Lobo Systems (formerly Lobo Drives International).
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Memory refresh
Memory refresh is the process of periodically reading information from an area of computer memory and immediately rewriting the read information to the same area without modification, for the purpose of preserving the information.
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Memotech MTX
The Memotech MTX500, MTX512 and RS128 were a series of Zilog Z80A processor-based home computers released by Memotech in 1983 and 1984.
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MicroBee
MicroBee (Micro Bee) was a series of home computers by Applied Technology, later known as MicroBee Systems.
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Microsoft BASIC
Microsoft BASIC is the foundation product of the Microsoft company.
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Mode X
Mode X is an alternative graphics display mode of the IBM VGA graphics hardware that was popularized by Michael Abrash.
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Monochrome
Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or photographs in one color or values of one color.
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MOS Technology 6502
The MOS Technology 6502 (typically "sixty-five-oh-two" or "six-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as "sixty-five-oh-two".
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MOS Technology 8563
The 8563 Video Display Controller (VDC) was an integrated circuit produced by MOS Technology.
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MOS Technology Agnus
The MOS Technology "Agnus", usually called Agnus is an integrated circuit in the custom chipset of the Commodore Amiga computer.
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MOS Technology TED
The 7360 Text Editing Device (TED) was an integrated circuit made by MOS Technology, Inc. It was a video chip that also contained sound generation hardware, DRAM refresh circuitry, interval timers, and keyboard input handling.
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MOS Technology VIC
The VIC (Video Interface Chip), specifically known as the MOS Technology 6560 (NTSC version) / 6561 (PAL version), is the integrated circuit chip responsible for generating video graphics and sound in the Commodore VIC-20 home computer.
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MOS Technology VIC-II
The VIC-II (Video Interface Chip II), specifically known as the MOS Technology 6567/8562/8564 (NTSC versions), 6569/8565/8566 (PAL), is the microchip tasked with generating Y/C video signals (combined to composite video in the RF modulator) and DRAM refresh signals in the Commodore 64 and C128 home computers.
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Motorola 6809
The Motorola 6809 ("sixty-eight-oh-nine") is an 8-bit microprocessor CPU with some 16-bit features from Motorola.
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Motorola 6845
The Motorola 6845 (commonly MC6845) is a video address generator first introduced by Motorola and used among others in the Videx VideoTerm display cards for the Apple II computers, in the MDA, HGC and CGA video adapters for the IBM PC, and in the Amstrad CPC and BBC Micro.
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Motorola 6847
The MC6847 is a video display generator (VDG) first introduced by Motorola and used in the TRS-80 Color Computer, Dragon 32/64, Laser 200, TRS-80 MC-10, NEC PC-6000 series, Acorn Atom, and the APF Imagination Machine among others.
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MSX
MSX is a standardized home computer architecture, first announced by Microsoft on June 16, 1983, and marketed by Kazuhiko Nishi, then Vice-president at Microsoft Japan and Director at ASCII Corporation.
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MSX BASIC
MSX BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language.
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Mullard SAA5050
The Mullard SAA5050 was a character generator chip for implementing the Teletext character set.
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MUPID
The MUPID was an early home computer like system (1981-1983) designed and invented by Hermann Maurer for the University of Graz to be used as a Bildschirmtext terminal, but it was also capable of being used as a stand-alone computer.
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Nascom (computer kit)
The Nascom 1 and 2 were single-board computer kits issued in the United Kingdom in 1977 and 1979, respectively, based on the Zilog Z80 and including a keyboard and video interface, a serial port that could be used to store data on a tape cassette using the Kansas City standard, and two 8-bit parallel ports.
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NCR Corporation
The NCR Corporation (originally National Cash Register) is a company that makes self-service kiosks, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, check processing systems, barcode scanners, and business consumables.
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Ohio Scientific
Ohio Scientific Inc. (also known as Ohio Scientific Instruments) was an Ohio-based computer company that built and marketed microcomputers from 1975 to 1981.
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Orao (computer)
Orao (en. Eagle) was an 8-bit computer developed by PEL Varaždin in 1984.
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Oric
Oric was the name used by Tangerine Computer Systems for a series of home computers, including the original Oric-1, its successor the Oric Atmos and the later Oric Stratos/IQ164 and Oric Telestrat models (model names stylized in upper case).
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Original Chip Set
The Original Chip Set (OCS) is a chipset used in the earliest Commodore Amiga computers and defined the Amiga's graphics and sound capabilities.
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Osborne 1
The Osborne 1 was the first commercially successful portable microcomputer, released on April 3, 1981, by Osborne Computer Corporation.
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Osborne Executive
The Osborne Executive was the planned successor of the already commercially successful Osborne 1 portable computer by Osborne Computer Corporation.
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Osborne Vixen
The Osborne Vixen was a "luggable" portable computer announced by the Osborne Computer Corporation in November 1984, as a follow up to their Osborne 1 and Osborne Executive system.
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Palette (computing)
In computer graphics, a palette is a finite set of colors.
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Panasonic JR-200
The Panasonic JR-200U (Panasonic Personal Computer (PPC)) was a simple, relatively early (1983), 8-bit home computer with a chiclet keyboard somewhat similar to the VTech Laser 200.
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PC-6000 series
The NEC PC-6000 Series was a series of 8-bit home computers introduced in November 1981 by NEC Home Electronics (NEC-HE).
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PC-8000 series
The PC-8000 series was a line of personal computers developed for the Japanese market by NEC.
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PC-8800 series
The, commonly shortened to PC-88, are a brand of Zilog Z80-based home computers released by Nippon Electric Company (NEC) in 1981 in Japan, where it became very popular.
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PDP-11
The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a succession of products in the PDP series.
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Personal computer
A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
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PETSCII
PETSCII (PET Standard Code of Information Interchange), also known as CBM ASCII, is the character set used in Commodore Business Machines (CBM)'s 8-bit home computers, starting with the PET from 1977 and including the C16, C64, C116, C128, CBM-II, Plus/4, and VIC-20.
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Philips P2000
The Philips P2000T home computer was Philips' first real entry in the home computer market, after the Philips Videopac G7000 game system (better known in the U.S. as the Magnavox Odyssey2) which they already sold to compete with the Atari 2600 and similar game systems.
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PMD 85
The PMD 85 was an 8-bit personal computer produced from 1985 by the companies Tesla Piešťany and Bratislava in the former Czechoslovakia.
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Pointer (user interface)
In computing, a pointer or mouse cursor (as part of a personal computer WIMP style of interaction) is a symbol or graphical image on the computer monitor or other display device that echoes movements of the pointing device, commonly a mouse, touchpad, or stylus pen.
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Poly-1
The Poly-1 was a desktop computer designed in New Zealand for educational use.
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Prestel
Prestel (abbrev. from press telephone), the brand name for the UK Post Office's Viewdata technology, was an interactive videotex system developed during the late 1970s and commercially launched in 1979.
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Programmable logic array
A programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits.
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Programmable logic device
A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
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Quad Flat Package
A QFP or Quad Flat Package is a surface mount integrated circuit package with "gull wing" leads extending from each of the four sides.
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Random-access memory
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.
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RCA CDP1861
The RCA CDP1861 was an integrated circuit Video Display Controller, released by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in the mid-1970s as a support chip for the RCA 1802 microprocessor.
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Read-only memory
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.
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Research Machines 380Z
The Research Machines 380Z (often called the RML 380Z or RM 380Z) was an early 8-bit microcomputer produced by Research Machines in Oxford, England, from 1977 to 1985.
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RISC OS
RISC OS is a computer operating system originally designed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge, England.
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RiscPC
The RiscPC (stylised with a half-space as, also referred to as and codenamed Medusa) was Acorn Computers's next generation RISC OS/Acorn RISC Machine computer, launched on 15 April 1994, which superseded the Acorn Archimedes.
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RM Nimbus
RM Nimbus was a range of personal computers from British company Research Machines (now RM Education) sold from 1985 until the early 1990s, after which the designation Nimbus was discontinued.
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Robotron KC 87
The Robotron KC 87, fully known as the Kleincomputer robotron KC 87 (KC standing for Kleincomputer, lit. "small computer"), was an 8-bit home computer released in 1987 and produced in East Germany by the VEB Robotron-Meßelektronik "Otto Schön" Dresden, part of the Kombinat Robotron.
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S-100 bus
The S-100 bus or Altair bus, IEEE696-1983 (withdrawn), was an early computer bus designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800.
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SAM Coupé
The SAM Coupé (pronounced /sæm ku:peɪ/ from its original British English branding) is an 8-bit British home computer that was first released in late 1989.
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Scan line
A scan line (also scanline) is one line, or row, in a raster scanning pattern, such as a line of video on a cathode ray tube (CRT) display of a television set or computer monitor.
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Scrolling
In computer displays, filmmaking, television production, and other kinetic displays, scrolling is sliding text, images or video across a monitor or display, vertically or horizontally.
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Semigraphics
Text-based semigraphics or pseudographics is a primitive method used in early text mode video hardware to emulate raster graphics without having to implement the logic for such a display mode.
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Shift register
In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the 'data' input of the next flip-flop in the chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the 'bit array' stored in it, 'shifting in' the data present at its input and 'shifting out' the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input.
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Signetics
Signetics was an American electronics manufacturer specifically established to make integrated circuits.
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Sinclair QL
The Sinclair QL (for Quantum leap), is a personal computer launched by Sinclair Research in 1984, as an upper-end counterpart to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.
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Sony SMC-70
The SMC-70 is a computer produced by Sony from 1982.
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Sord M5
The Sord M5 is a home computer launched by Sord Computer Corporation in 1982.
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SPC-1000
The SPC-1000 is a Z80-based personal computer produced by Samsung.
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Sprite (computer graphics)
In computer graphics, a sprite is a two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene.
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Stick figure
A stick figure is a very simple drawing of a person or animal, composed of a few lines, curves, and dots.
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Suit (cards)
No description.
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SV-318
The SV-318 is the basic model of the Spectravideo range.
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SV-328
The SV-328 is an 8-bit home computer introduced by Spectravideo in June 1983.
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Synchronization
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison.
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Tandy 1000
The Tandy 1000 was the first in a line of more-or-less IBM PC compatible home computer systems produced by the Tandy Corporation for sale in its RadioShack chain of stores.
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Tatung Einstein
The Tatung Einstein was an eight-bit home/personal computer produced by Taiwanese corporation Tatung, designed in Bradford, England at Tatung's research laboratories and assembled in Bridgnorth and Telford, England.
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Technicolor SA
Technicolor SA, formerly Thomson SARL and Thomson Multimedia, is a French multinational corporation that provides services and products for the communication, media and entertainment industries.
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Teletext
Teletext (or broadcast teletext) is a television information retrieval service created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by the Philips Lead Designer for VDUs, John Adams.
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Television Interface Adaptor
The Television Interface Adaptor (TIA) is the custom computer chip that is the heart of the Atari 2600 game console, generating the screen display, sound effects, and reading input controllers.
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Telmac 1800
The Telmac 1800 was an early microcomputer delivered in kit form.
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Telmac TMC-600
The Telmac TMC-600 was a Finnish microcomputer produced during the early 1980s starting in 1982.
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Tessellation
A tessellation of a flat surface is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
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Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is an American technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally.
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Texas Instruments TI-99/4A
The Texas Instruments TI-99/4A is a home computer, released June 1981 in the United States at a price of $525 ($ adjusted for inflation).
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Texas Instruments TMS9918
VDP TMS9918A VDP TMS9918A VDP TMS9928A The TMS9918 is a Video Display Controller (VDC) manufactured by Texas Instruments, introduced in 1979.
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Text mode
Text mode is a computer display mode in which content is internally represented on a computer screen in terms of characters rather than individual pixels.
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Thomson EF936x
The Thomson EF936x is a type of Graphic Display Processor (GDP).
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Thomson MO5
The Thomson MO5 is a home computer introduced in France in 1984 to compete against systems such as the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64.
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Thomson MO6
The Thomson MO6 was an 6809E-based computer introduced in France in 1986.
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Thomson TO7
The Thomson TO7, also called Thomson 9000 is a home computer introduced by Thomson SA in November 1982, with an original retail price of 3750 Franc.
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Thomson TO8
The Thomson TO8 is a home computer introduced by French company Thomson SA in 1986.
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Tiki 100
Tiki-100 was a desktop home/personal computer manufactured by Tiki Data of Oslo, Norway.
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Tile-based video game
A tile-based video game is a type of video or video game where the playing area consists of small square (or, much less often, rectangular, parallelogram, or hexagonal) graphic images referred to as tiles laid out in a grid.
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Time-division multiplexing
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time in an alternating pattern.
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Timex Sinclair 2068
The Timex Sinclair 2068 (TS2068), released in November 1983, was Timex Sinclair's fourth and last home computer for the United States market.
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Tomy Tutor
The Tomy Tutor, originally sold in Japan as the and in the UK as the Grandstand Tutor, is a home computer produced by the Japanese toymaker Tomy.
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TRS-80
The TRS-80 Micro Computer System (TRS-80, later renamed the Model I to distinguish it from successors) is a desktop microcomputer launched in 1977 and sold by Tandy Corporation through their Radio Shack stores.
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TRS-80 Color Computer
The RadioShack TRS-80 Color Computer (also marketed as the Tandy Color Computer and sometimes nicknamed the CoCo) is a line of home computers based on the Motorola 6809 processor.
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TRS-80 MC-10
The TRS-80 MC-10 The TRS-80 MC-10 microcomputer is a lesser-known member of the TRS-80 line of home computers, produced by Tandy Corporation in the early 1980s and sold through their RadioShack chain of electronics stores.
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Tube (BBC Micro)
In computing, the Tube was the expansion interface and architecture of the BBC Microcomputer System which allowed the BBC Micro to communicate with a second processor, or coprocessor.
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Vector-06C
Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц) is a home computer with unique graphics capabilities that was designed and mass-produced in USSR in the late 1980s.
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Vertical blanking interval
In a raster graphics display, the vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time between the end of the final line of a frame or field and the beginning of the first line of the next frame.
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Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining hundreds of thousands of transistors or devices into a single chip.
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VIDC1
The VIDC1 was a Video Display Controller chip created as an accompanying chip to the ARM CPU as used in Acorn Archimedes computer systems, its successor the VIDC20 was used in the later RiscPCs.
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VIDC20
The VIDC20 was a Video Display Controller chip created as an accompanying chip to the ARM CPU as used in RiscPC computer systems.
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Video
Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.
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Video display controller
A video display controller or VDC (also regularly called display engine, display interface) is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a video signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing or game system.
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Video game
A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.
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Video Graphics Array
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is the display hardware first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, following CGA and EGA introduced in earlier IBM personal computers.
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Video overlay
Video overlay is any technique used to display a video window on a computer display while bypassing the chain of CPU to graphics card to computer monitor.
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Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)
Video RAM, or VRAM, is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in graphics adapters.
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VideoBrain Family Computer
The VideoBrain Family Computer (model 101) (not to be confused with Nintendo’s Family Computer, or Famicom, known as the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES outside of Japan) is an 8-bit home computer manufactured by Umtech Incorporated, starting in 1977.
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Videotex
Videotex (or "interactive videotex") was one of the earliest implementations of an end-user information system.
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VLSI Technology
VLSI Technology, Inc., was a company which designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom Integrated circuits (ICs).
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VTech Laser 200
The VTech Laser 200 was an early 8-bit home computer from 1983, also sold as the Salora Fellow (mainly in Fennoscandia, particularly Finland), the Seltron 200 in Hungary and Italy, the Texet TX8000 (in the United Kingdom), and the Dick Smith VZ 200 (in Australia and New Zealand).
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X1 (computer)
The, sometimes called the Sharp X1, is a series of home computers released by Sharp Corporation from 1982 to 1988.
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X68000
The is a home computer created by Sharp Corporation, first released in 1987, sold only in Japan.
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X86
x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.
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Xerox 820
The Xerox 820 was an 8-bit desktop computer sold by Xerox in the early 1980s.
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Yamaha V9938
The Yamaha V9938 is a video display processor (VDP) used on the MSX2 home computer, as well as on the Geneve 9640 enhanced TI-99/4A clone.
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Yamaha V9958
The Yamaha V9958 is a Video Display Processor (VDP) used in MSX 80s home computers.
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Z-buffering
In computer graphics, z-buffering, also known as depth buffering, is the management of image depth coordinates in 3D graphics, usually done in hardware, sometimes in software.
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Zilog Z80
The Z80 CPU is an 8-bit based microprocessor.
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ZX Spectrum
The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research.
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ZX Spectrum graphic modes
The ZX Spectrum is generally considered to have limited graphical capabilities in comparison to some other home computers of the same era such as the Commodore 64, largely due to its lack of a dedicated graphics chip.
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ZX80
The Sinclair ZX80 is a home computer brought to market in 1980 by Science of Cambridge Ltd.
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ZX81
The ZX81 is a home computer that was produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Dundee, Scotland by Timex Corporation.
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ZX8301
The ZX8301 is an Uncommitted Logic Array (ULA) integrated circuit designed for the Sinclair QL microcomputer.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_home_computers_by_video_hardware
