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Livonian Crusade

Index Livonian Crusade

The Livonian Crusade refers to the conquest of the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia during the pope-sanctioned Northern Crusades, performed mostly by Germans from the Holy Roman Empire and Danes. [1]

152 relations: Aizkraukle, Aizkraukle Castle, Albert of Riga, Anders Sunesen, Archbishopric of Riga, Baltic mythology, Baltic Sea, Balts, Battle of Aizkraukle, Battle of Ümera, Battle of Cēsis (1210), Battle of Durbe, Battle of Garoza, Battle of Karuse, Battle of Lehola, Battle of Lihula, Battle of Lyndanisse, Battle of Muhu, Battle of Otepää (1217), Battle of Riga (1215), Battle of Saule, Battle of St. Matthew's Day, Battle of Turaida (1211), Battle of Viljandi, Battle of Viljandi (1223), Berthold of Hanover, Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek, Bishopric of Courland, Bishopric of Dorpat, Catania, Catholic Church, Caupo of Turaida, Cēsis Castle, Christianity, Cistercians, Crusades, Curonian Kings, Curonians, Danes, Daugava, Daugavgrīva, Denmark, Dominium directum et utile, Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346), East Slavs, Edgar V. Saks, Estonia, Estonians, Europe, Flag of Denmark, ..., Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Germans, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grobiņa, Gulf of Riga, Harju County, Hermann von Wartberge, Hillfort, Holy Roman Empire, Holy See, Ikšķile, Imperial immediacy, Indigenous peoples, John I of Sweden, Karl Magnusson (Bjälboätten), Koknese, Koknese Castle, Kuldīga, Latgalians, Latvia, Lääne County, Lembitu, Lihula, List of castles in Estonia, List of castles in Latvia, Lithuanians, Livonia, Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Livonian Order, Livonian Rhymed Chronicle, Livonians, Loccum Abbey, Monarchy of Denmark, Muhu, Nameisis, Northern Crusades, Northern Europe, Novgorod First Chronicle, Novgorod Republic, Oeselians, Old Prussians, Otto von Lutterberg, Paganism, Papal legate, Pöide Parish, Pērse, Peter of Dusburg, Pope Celestine III, Pope Honorius III, Pope Innocent III, Principality of Jersika, Principality of Polotsk, Prussia (region), Rakvere, Revala, Riga, Russians, Saaremaa, Saint George's Night Uprising, Saint Meinhard, Sakala County, Salaspils, Sambia Peninsula, Samogitians, Saxons, Sēlpils Castle, Selonians, Semigallia, Semigallians, Siege of Tallinn, Siege of Tartu (1224), Sigulda Medieval Castle, State of the Teutonic Order, Sweden, Swedes, Tallinn, Tartu, Tālava, Tālivaldis, Tērvete, Terra Mariana, Teutonic Order, Theoderich von Treyden, Toompea Castle, Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, Traidenis, Turaida Castle, Ugandi County, Valdemar II of Denmark, Valjala, Vassal state, Viestards, Viljandi, Vironians, Virumaa, Visvaldis, Volkwin Schenk, Vyachko, Wendish Crusade, Wenno von Rohrbach, William of Modena. Expand index (102 more) »

Aizkraukle

Aizkraukle (Ascheraden) is a town in Vidzeme region in Latvia, the administrative centre of Aizkraukle Municipality on the right bank of the Daugava River.

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Aizkraukle Castle

Aizkraukle Castle (Aizkraukles pils; Ascheraden) is a ruined medieval castle, located on the right bank of the river Daugava in Latvia to the west of the modern town of Aizkraukle.

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Albert of Riga

Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia (Alberts fon Buksthēvdens; Albert von Buxthoeven; c.1165 – 17 January 1229) was the third Bishop of Riga in Livonia.

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Anders Sunesen

Anders Sunesen (also Andreas, Suneson, Sunesøn, Latin: Andreas Sunonis) (c. 1167 – 1228) was a Danish archbishop of Lund, Scania, from 21 March 1201, at the death of Absalon, to his own death in 1228.

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Archbishopric of Riga

The Archbishopric of Riga (Archiepiscopatus Rigensis, Erzbisdom Riga) was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See.

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Baltic mythology

Baltic mythology is the body of mythology of the Baltic people stemming from Baltic paganism and continuing after Christianization and into Baltic folklore.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.

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Balts

The Balts or Baltic people (baltai, balti) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in the area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and in the Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.

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Battle of Aizkraukle

The Battle of Aizkraukle or Ascheraden was a battle fought on March 5, 1279, between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by Traidenis, and the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order near Aizkraukle (Ascheraden) in present-day Latvia.

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Battle of Ümera

Battle of Ümera (Ümera lahing) or Battle of Imera (Kauja pie Imeras), recorded by Henry of Latvia was fought south of Valmiera (Volmari), near the Gauja River (Ümera) in August or September 1210, during the Livonian Crusade between Crusaders and Estonians.

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Battle of Cēsis (1210)

The Battle of Cēsis was fought between native Estonian forces and the Germanic knights (known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword) and their allies during the Livonian Crusade.

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Battle of Durbe

The Battle of Durbe (Durbes kauja, Durbės mūšis, Schlacht an der Durbe) was a medieval battle fought near Durbe, east of Liepāja, in present-day Latvia during the Livonian Crusade.

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Battle of Garoza

The Battle of Garoza was one of the biggest battles of the Livonian crusade which occurred in 1287 between the Livonian Order and Semigallians in the territory of modern Latvia.

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Battle of Karuse

The Battle of Karuse or Battle on the Ice was fought on 16 February 1270 between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Livonian Order on the frozen Baltic Sea between the island of Muhu and the mainland.

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Battle of Lehola

The Battle of Lehola was fought in 1215 between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, a crusading military order, and the Estonians.

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Battle of Lihula

The Battle of Lihula or Battle of Leal was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of a castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220.

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Battle of Lyndanisse

The Battle of Lindanise was a battle which helped King Valdemar II of Denmark establish the territory of Danish Estonia during the Northern Crusades, which were undertaken in response to calls from the Pope.

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Battle of Muhu

The Battle of Muhu was a military engagement fought between a force of Baltic and Germanic crusaders and pagan Oeselians.

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Battle of Otepää (1217)

Battle of Otepää was a battle during the Livonian Crusade in 1217.

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Battle of Riga (1215)

The Battle of Riga was an attempt by native Estonian forces to repel the Crusader knights (known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword) and their allies during the Livonian Crusade.

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Battle of Saule

The Battle of Saule (Saulės mūšis or Šiaulių mūšis; Schlacht von Schaulen; Saules kauja) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan Samogitians.

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Battle of St. Matthew's Day

The Battle of Matthew's Day (Madisepäeva lahing) was fought near Viljandi (probably in Vanamõisa) on September 21, 1217 during the Livonian Crusade.

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Battle of Turaida (1211)

Battle of Turaida was one of the biggest battles of Livonian crusade between Estonian tribes and Livonian Brothers of the Sword.

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Battle of Viljandi

The Battle of Viljandi was a battle during the Livonian Crusade in 1211 in Viljandi, Estonia.

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Battle of Viljandi (1223)

On 29 January 1223, during a church service, the Sackalians attacked the Germans inside the stronghold of Viljandi.

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Berthold of Hanover

Berthold of Hanover (died 24 July 1198) was a German Cistercian and Bishop of Livonia, who met his death in a crusade against the pagan Livonians.

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Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek

The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; Bistum Ösel–Wiek; Low German: Bisdom Ösel–Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese and semi-independent prince-bishopric (parto of Terra Mariana, i.e. Livonia) in the Holy Roman Empire, covering what are now Saare, Hiiu and Lääne counties of Estonia.

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Bishopric of Courland

The Bishopric of Courland (Episcopatus Curoniensis, Low German: Bisdom Curland) was the second smallest (4500 km2) ecclesiastical state in the Livonian Confederation founded in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade.

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Bishopric of Dorpat

The Bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu piiskopkond; Bisdom Dorpat; Ecclesia Tarbatensis) was a medieval prince-bishopric, i;e; both a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and a temporal principality ruled by the bishop of the diocese.

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Catania

Catania is the second largest city of Sicily after Palermo located on the east coast facing the Ionian Sea.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Caupo of Turaida

Caupo of Turaida, or Kaupo (died September 21, 1217) was a leader of the Finnic-speaking Livonian people in the beginning of the 13th century, in what is now part of Latvia and Estonia.

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Cēsis Castle

Cēsis Castle is a Livonian castle situated in Cēsis, Latvia.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Cistercians

A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Curonian Kings

Curonian Kings (Kurische Könige; Kuršu ķoniņi) are a Latvian cultural group, originally lesser vassals and free farmers that lived in seven villages between Goldingen (Kuldīga) and Hasenpoth (Aizpute) in Courland.

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Curonians

The Curonians or Kurs (Curonian: Kursi; Kuren; kurši; курши; kuršiai; kuralased; Kurowie) were a Baltic tribe living on the shores of the Baltic Sea in what are now the western parts of Latvia and Lithuania from the 5th to the 16th centuries, when they merged with other Baltic tribes.

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Danes

Danes (danskere) are a nation and a Germanic ethnic group native to Denmark, who speak Danish and share the common Danish culture.

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Daugava

The Daugava (Daugova) or Western Dvina is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, Russia, flowing through Russia, Belarus, and Latvia and into the Gulf of Riga.

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Daugavgrīva

Daugavgrīva (Dünamünde; Dynemunt; Усть-Двинск or Ust`-Dvinsk) is a neighbourhood in North West Riga, Latvia on the left bank of the Daugava river.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Dominium directum et utile

Dominium directum et utile is a Latin legal term referring to the "complete and absolute dominion "; i.e. the union of the title and the exclusive use.

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Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)

The Duchy of Estonia (Hertugdømmet Estland Ducatus Estonie), also known as Danish Estonia, was a direct dominion (dominium directum) of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346 when it was sold to the Teutonic Order and became part of the Ordenstaat.

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East Slavs

The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking the East Slavic languages.

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Edgar V. Saks

Edgar Valter Saks (January 25, 1910 Tartu – April 11, 1984, Montreal) was an Estonian amateur historian and author.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Estonians

Estonians (eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Flag of Denmark

The flag of Denmark (Dannebrog) is red with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.

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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that lasted from the 13th century up to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Austria.

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Grobiņa

Grobiņa (Grobin) is a town in western Latvia, eleven kilometers east of Liepāja.

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Gulf of Riga

The Gulf of Riga, Bay of Riga, or Gulf of Livonia (Rīgas jūras līcis, Liivi laht, Рижский залив) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.

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Harju County

Harju County (Harju maakond), or Harjumaa (Harrien or Rugel, Harria) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia.

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Hermann von Wartberge

Hermann von Wartberge (died ca. 1380) was a chronicler of the Livonian Order.

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Hillfort

A hillfort is a type of earthworks used as a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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Ikšķile

Ikšķile (Uexküll; Ikškilā; Üksküla) is a town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Ikšķile municipality.

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Imperial immediacy

Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.

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Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.

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John I of Sweden

John I (Swedish: Johan Sverkersson; c. 1201 – March 10, 1222) was a Swedish king elected in 1216.

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Karl Magnusson (Bjälboätten)

Karl Magnusson (died 1220) from the House of Bjelbo was the Bishop of Linköping during 1216-1220.

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Koknese

Koknese is a historic town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Koknese municipality on the right bank of the Daugava River.

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Koknese Castle

Koknese Castle (Kokneses pils) is a complex in Koknese, Latvia, dating from the 13th century.

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Kuldīga

Kuldīga (Goldingen) is a town in western Latvia.

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Latgalians

Latgalians, sometimes also Ancient Latvians (Letti, Lethi, modern; variant translations also include Latgallians, Lettigalls or Lettigallians), were an ancient Baltic tribe.

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Latvia

Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Lääne County

Lääne County (Lääne maakond), or Läänemaa (literally "Western land"; Wiek, Rotalia), is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

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Lembitu

Lembitu (Estonian also: Lembit, died 21 September 1217) was an ancient Estonian king of Sakala County and military leader in the struggle against conquest of the Estonian lands by the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the beginning of the 13th century.

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Lihula

Lihula is a town in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia.

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List of castles in Estonia

This is a list of castles in Estonia.

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List of castles in Latvia

This is the List of castles in Latvia, which includes fortified residences of Western European conquerors built in the area of present-day Latvia before the 17th century.

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Lithuanians

Lithuanians (lietuviai, singular lietuvis/lietuvė) are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,561,300 people.

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Livonia

Livonia (Līvõmō, Liivimaa, German and Scandinavian languages: Livland, Latvian and Livonija, Inflanty, archaic English Livland, Liwlandia; Liflyandiya) is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.

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Livonian Brothers of the Sword

The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, Schwertbrüderorden, Ordre des Chevaliers Porte-Glaive) was a Catholic military order established by Albert, the third bishop of Riga (or possibly by Theoderich von Treyden), in 1202.

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Livonian Chronicle of Henry

The Livonian Chronicle of Henry (Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) or Henry's chronicle of Livonia is a document in Latin describing historic events in Livonia (roughly corresponding to today's inland Estonia and north of Latvia) and surrounding areas from 1180 to 1227.

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Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237.

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Livonian Rhymed Chronicle

The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (Livländische Reimchronik) was a chronicle written in High German by an anonymous writer.

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Livonians

The Livonians, or Livs (Livonian: līvlizt), are a Finnic ethnic group indigenous to northern Latvia and southwestern Estonia.

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Loccum Abbey

Loccum Abbey (Kloster Loccum) is a Lutheran monastery in the town of Rehburg-Loccum, Lower Saxony, near Steinhude Lake.

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Monarchy of Denmark

The Monarchy of Denmark, colloquially known as the Danish Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Muhu

Muhu (Mohn/Moon; in Estonian also called Muhumaa), is an island in the Baltic Sea.

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Nameisis

Nameisis or Namejs (also Nameise, Nameyxe) was a Semigallian duke in the second half of the 13th century.

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Northern Crusades

The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were religious wars undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and to a lesser extent also against Orthodox Christian Slavs (East Slavs).

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Northern Europe

Northern Europe is the general term for the geographical region in Europe that is approximately north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.

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Novgorod First Chronicle

The Novgorod First Chronicle (Новгородская первая летопись) or The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471 is the most ancient extant chronicle of the Novgorod Republic.

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Novgorod Republic

The Novgorod Republic (p; Новгородскаѧ землѧ / Novgorodskaję zemlę) was a medieval East Slavic state from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the northern Ural Mountains, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of modern Russia.

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Oeselians

The Oeselians, Osilians, Esths, or Ests were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Oesel or Osilia), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea.

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Old Prussians

Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: Prūsai; Pruzzen or Prußen; Pruteni; Prūši; Prūsai; Prusowie; Prësowié) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia.

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Otto von Lutterberg

Otto von Lutterberg (died 16 February 1270) was the Landmeister of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights from 1266 to 1270.

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Paganism

Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ).

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Papal legate

A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.

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Pöide Parish

Pöide Parish was a municipality in Saare County, Estonia.

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Pērse

Pērse is a tributary to Daugava River in Latvia, flowing through Ērgļi, Pļaviņas and Koknese municipalities.

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Peter of Dusburg

Peter of Dusburg (Peter von Dusburg; Petrus de Dusburg; died after 1326), also known as Peter of Duisburg, was a Priest-Brother and chronicler of the Teutonic Knights.

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Pope Celestine III

Pope Celestine III (Caelestinus III; c. 1106 – 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, reigned from 30 March or 10 April 1191 to his death in 1198.

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Pope Honorius III

Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born as Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death in 1227.

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Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.

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Principality of Jersika

The principality of Jersika (Gerzika, terra Lettia, Gerzika, Zargrad, Ерсика, Герцике; also known as Лотыголa) was an early medieval Latgalian principality in eastern modern-day Latvia and one of the largest early states in Latvia before the German conquests.

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Principality of Polotsk

The Principality of Polotsk (По́лацкае кня́ства; По́лоцкое кня́жество), also known as the Kingdom of Polotsk or the Duchy of Polotsk, was a medieval principality of the Early East Slavs.

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Prussia (region)

Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, Preußen, Prūsija, Prusy, tr) is a historical region in Europe, stretching from Gdańsk Bay to the end of Curonian Spit on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and extending inland as far as Masuria.

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Rakvere

Rakvere (Wesenberg or Wesenbergh) is a town in northern Estonia and the county seat of Lääne-Viru County, 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland.

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Revala

Revala (also Rävälä, Revalia, by Henry of Livonia Revele, by Danish Census Book Revælæ) was an Ancient Estonian county.

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Riga

Riga (Rīga) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Saaremaa

Saaremaa (Danish: Øsel; English (esp. traditionally): Osel; Finnish: Saarenmaa; Swedish & German: Ösel) is the largest island in Estonia, measuring.

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Saint George's Night Uprising

Saint George’s Night Uprising in 1343–1345 (Jüriöö ülestõus) was an unsuccessful attempt by the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion.

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Saint Meinhard

Saint Meinhard (b. 1134 or 1136 - died August 14 or October 11, 1196) was a German canon regular and the first Bishop of Livonia.

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Sakala County

Sakala County (Estonian: Sakala, Latin: Saccalia) was an ancient Estonian county first mentioned in print by Henry of Latvia in the beginning of the 13th Century.

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Salaspils

Salaspils (Kirchholm, Kirkholm, Kerkolm) is a town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Salaspils Municipality.

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Sambia Peninsula

Sambia (Самбийский полуостров, Sambiysky poluostrov, literally the Sambiysky Peninsula;Sembos pusiasalis) or Samland (Земландский полуостров, Zemlandsky poluostrov, literally the Zemlandsky Peninsula) or Kaliningrad Peninsula (official name, Калининградский полуостров, Kaliningradsky poluostrov) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea.

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Samogitians

Samogitians (Samogitian: Žemaitē, Žemaičiai, Latvian: Žemaiši, Sl. Zhmud) are a subgroup of Lithuanians that inhabit the region of Samogitia in Lithuania.

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Saxons

The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.

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Sēlpils Castle

Sēlpils Castle (Sēlpils pils) is an ancient castle in Latvia.

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Selonians

This article is about the Baltic ethnicity.

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Semigallia

Semigallia, also spelled Semigalia, (Zemgale; Semgallen; Žiemgala; Semigalia; Zemgāl) is a historical region of Latvia, sometimes also including a part of Lithuania.

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Semigallians

Semigallians (Latvian Zemgaļi; Žiemgaliai, also Zemgalians, Semigalls, Semigalians) were the Baltic tribe that lived in the southcentral part of contemporary Latvia and northern Lithuania.

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Siege of Tallinn

Victory over the Swedish army in the Battle of Lihula inspired the Oeselians for further fightings.

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Siege of Tartu (1224)

The siege of Tartu took place in 1224 and resulted in the fall of the last major center of Estonian resistance in the mainland provinces to the Christian conquest of Estonia.

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Sigulda Medieval Castle

Sigulda Medieval Castle ruins are located on the edge of the Gauja valley in Latvia.

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State of the Teutonic Order

The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Swedes

Swedes (svenskar) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Sweden.

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Tallinn

Tallinn (or,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.

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Tartu

Tartu (South Estonian: Tarto) is the second largest city of Estonia, after Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn.

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Tālava

Tālava was a Latgalian county in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of today's Latvia.

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Tālivaldis

Tālivaldis or Tālibalds (Thalibaldus de Tolowa; d. 1215) was a Latgalian elder, the ruler of Tālava, whose support for Albert of Riga and the German crusaders brought about his death at the hands of the native Baltic peoples.

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Tērvete

Tērvete (liv. Terwenden) is a village in Tērvete municipality, Latvia.

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Terra Mariana

Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia (Alt-Livland, Vana-Liivimaa, Livonija), which was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade in the territories comprising present day Estonia and Latvia.

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Teutonic Order

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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Theoderich von Treyden

Theoderich (or Theoderich von Treyden) was the second known missionary in Livonia after Saint Meinhard, the first Bishop of Livonia.

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Toompea Castle

Toompea Castle (Toompea loss) (Castrum Danorum) is a castle on Toompea hill in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.

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Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks

The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks (Vägen från varjagerna till grekerna, Shlyakh' z varahaw u hreki, Shlyakh iz varyahiv u hreky, Put' iz varjag v greki, Εμπορική οδός Βαράγγων–Ελλήνων) was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Traidenis

Traidenis (Trojden, Трайдзень) (died 1282) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1270 (or 1269) till 1282.

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Turaida Castle

Turaida Castle (Turaidas pils, Treiden, Treyden, Турайдский замок; meaning Thor's garden in Livonian) is a recently reconstructed medieval castle in Turaida, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the opposite bank of the Gauja River from Sigulda.

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Ugandi County

Ugandi (Latin: Ungannia or Ugaunia; Ugaunija; Low German: Uggn) was an independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov.

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Valdemar II of Denmark

Valdemar II (9 May 117028 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.

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Valjala

Valjala is a small borough (alevik) in Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that is subordinate to another.

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Viestards

Viestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs) was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (konic Vesters).

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Viljandi

Viljandi (Fellin) is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,473 in 2013.

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Vironians

The Vironians were one of the Finnic tribes that later formed the Estonian nation.

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Virumaa

Virumaa (Vironia; Low German: Wierland; Old Norse: Virland) is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia.

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Visvaldis

Visvaldis (Latin: Vissewalde rex de Gerzika, Russian: Всеволод) was a Latgalian nobleman, Duke of the Principality of Jersika in the 12th-13th centuries.

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Volkwin Schenk

Volkwin von Naumburg zu Winterstätten (also Wolquin, Folkwin, Folkvin, Wolguinus, Wolgulin, Middle High German: Volkewîn; died 22 September 1236) was the Master (Herrmeister) of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236.

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Vyachko

Vyachko of Koknese, also Vetseke of Kokenhusen (Rex Vesceka de Kukenois, Vetseke, Вячко) was the ruler of the Principality of Koknese in present-day Latvia, a vassal of Polotsk, who unsuccessfully tried to establish himself as a local ruler first in Latvia and then in Estonia, and fought against the expansionism of the Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century.

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Wendish Crusade

The Wendish Crusade (Wendenkreuzzug) was a military campaign in 1147, one of the Northern Crusades and a part of the Second Crusade, led primarily by the Kingdom of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire and directed against the Polabian Slavs (or "Wends").

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Wenno von Rohrbach

Wenno von Rohrbach, also known as Winno, Vinno, and Winne, was the first Master (Herrmeister) of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, leading the Order from 1204 to 1209.

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William of Modena

William of Modena (– 31 March 1251), also known as William of Sabina, Guglielmo de Chartreaux, Guglielmo de Savoy, Guillelmus, was an Italian clergyman and papal diplomat.

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Redirects here:

Conquest of Estonia, Estonia's ancient fight for freedom, Estonian Crusade, Livonian crusade, Teutonic-Estonian War.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_Crusade

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