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47 relations: A. J. Ayer, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Concept, Contradiction, Empiricism, Existential quantification, Fact, False (logic), First-order logic, Formal system, If and only if, Interpretation (logic), Knowledge, Language, Truth, and Logic, Logic, Logical conjunction, Logical connective, Logical consequence, Logical constant, Logical disjunction, Logical NOR, Logical positivism, Negation, Philosophical logic, Possible world, Proposition, Propositional calculus, Quantifier (logic), Rationalism, Rule of inference, Salva veritate, Satisfiability, Sheffer stroke, Statement (logic), Synonym, Tautology (logic), Theodore Sider, Theorem, Truth, Truth function, Truth value, Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Universal quantification, Validity, Valuation (logic), Well-formed formula, Willard Van Orman Quine.
A. J. Ayer
Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer, FBA (29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was a British philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).
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Analytic–synthetic distinction
The analytic–synthetic distinction (also called the analytic–synthetic dichotomy) is a semantic distinction, used primarily in philosophy to distinguish propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments) into two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions.
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Concept
Concepts are mental representations, abstract objects or abilities that make up the fundamental building blocks of thoughts and beliefs.
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Contradiction
In classical logic, a contradiction consists of a logical incompatibility between two or more propositions.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
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Existential quantification
In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some".
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Fact
A fact is a statement that is consistent with reality or can be proven with evidence.
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False (logic)
In logic, false or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value or a nullary logical connective.
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First-order logic
First-order logic—also known as first-order predicate calculus and predicate logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.
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Formal system
A formal system is the name of a logic system usually defined in the mathematical way.
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If and only if
In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, if and only if (shortened iff) is a biconditional logical connective between statements.
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Interpretation (logic)
An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language.
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Knowledge
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.
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Language, Truth, and Logic
Language, Truth, and Logic is a 1936 work of philosophy by Alfred Jules Ayer.
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Logical conjunction
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, And (∧) is the truth-functional operator of logical conjunction; the and of a set of operands is true if and only if all of its operands are true.
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Logical connective
In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a symbol or word used to connect two or more sentences (of either a formal or a natural language) in a grammatically valid way, such that the value of the compound sentence produced depends only on that of the original sentences and on the meaning of the connective.
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Logical consequence
Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic, which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements.
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Logical constant
In logic, a logical constant of a language \mathcal is a symbol that has the same semantic value under every interpretation of \mathcal.
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Logical disjunction
In logic and mathematics, or is the truth-functional operator of (inclusive) disjunction, also known as alternation; the or of a set of operands is true if and only if one or more of its operands is true.
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Logical NOR
In boolean logic, logical nor or joint denial is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or.
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Logical positivism
Logical positivism and logical empiricism, which together formed neopositivism, was a movement in Western philosophy whose central thesis was verificationism, a theory of knowledge which asserted that only statements verifiable through empirical observation are cognitively meaningful.
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Negation
In logic, negation, also called the logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition P to another proposition "not P", written \neg P (¬P), which is interpreted intuitively as being true when P is false, and false when P is true.
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Philosophical logic
Philosophical logic refers to those areas of philosophy in which recognized methods of logic have traditionally been used to solve or advance the discussion of philosophical problems.
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Possible world
In philosophy and logic, the concept of a possible world is used to express modal claims.
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Proposition
The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary analytic philosophy.
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Propositional calculus
Propositional calculus is a branch of logic.
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Quantifier (logic)
In logic, quantification specifies the quantity of specimens in the domain of discourse that satisfy an open formula.
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".
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Rule of inference
In logic, a rule of inference, inference rule or transformation rule is a logical form consisting of a function which takes premises, analyzes their syntax, and returns a conclusion (or conclusions).
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Salva veritate
The literal translation of the Latin "salva veritate" is "with (or by) unharmed truth", using ablative of manner: "salva" meaning "rescue," "salvation," or "welfare," and "veritate" meaning "reality" or "truth".
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Satisfiability
In mathematical logic, satisfiability and validity are elementary concepts of semantics.
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Sheffer stroke
In Boolean functions and propositional calculus, the Sheffer stroke, named after Henry M. Sheffer, written ↑, also written | (not to be confused with "||", which is often used to represent disjunction), or Dpq (in Bocheński notation), denotes a logical operation that is equivalent to the negation of the conjunction operation, expressed in ordinary language as "not both".
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Statement (logic)
In logic, the term statement is variously understood to mean either: In the latter case, a statement is distinct from a sentence in that a sentence is only one formulation of a statement, whereas there may be many other formulations expressing the same statement.
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Synonym
A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language.
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Tautology (logic)
In logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a formula or assertion that is true in every possible interpretation.
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Theodore Sider
Theodore "Ted" Sider is an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics and philosophy of language.
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Theorem
In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements, such as other theorems, and generally accepted statements, such as axioms.
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Truth
Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.
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Truth function
In logic, a truth function is a function that accepts truth values as input and produces a truth value as output, i.e., the input and output are all truth values.
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Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth.
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Two Dogmas of Empiricism
"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a paper by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.
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Universal quantification
In predicate logic, a universal quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "given any" or "for all".
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Validity
In logic, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.
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Valuation (logic)
In logic and model theory, a valuation can be.
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Well-formed formula
In mathematical logic, propositional logic and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet that is part of a formal language.
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Willard Van Orman Quine
Willard Van Orman Quine (known to intimates as "Van"; June 25, 1908 – December 25, 2000) was an American philosopher and logician in the analytic tradition, recognized as "one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century." From 1930 until his death 70 years later, Quine was continually affiliated with Harvard University in one way or another, first as a student, then as a professor of philosophy and a teacher of logic and set theory, and finally as a professor emeritus who published or revised several books in retirement.
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Analytic truth, Analytical truth, Logical certainty, Logical necessity, Logical true, Logically bound, Logically necessary, Logically true, Necessarily true, Necessary truth, True (logic).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
