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76 relations: Air Force Research Laboratory, Albert Einstein, Apache Point Observatory, Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, Apollo 11, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, Apollo program, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Earth, Bavaria, Carroll Alley, Côte d'Azur Observatory, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, Classical and Quantum Gravity, CNN, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Dime (United States coin), Earth, Earth–Moon–Earth communication, Equivalence principle, Fundamental station, General relativity, Geophysical Research Letters, Germany, Goddard Space Flight Center, Grasse, Gravitational constant, Gravity, Isaac Newton, Laser, Libration, Lick Observatory, Lidar, List of retroreflectors on the Moon, Long-term experiment, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar distance (astronomy), Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunokhod 1, Lunokhod 2, Lunokhod programme, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McDonald Observatory, Meanings of minor planet names: 38001–39000, Monochrome, Moon, Moon Express, MoonLIGHT, ..., NASA, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Nature (journal), New Mexico, Nordtvedt effect, Orbit, Physical Review, Pic du Midi de Bigorre, Plate tectonics, Polar motion, Q-switching, Reports on Progress in Physics, Retroreflector, Ruby laser, Satellite laser ranging, Science (journal), Sergei Kopeikin, Space geodesy, Theory of relativity, Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings, Tide, Tom Murphy (physicist), Universe Today, University of Texas at Austin, University of Washington, Weather. Expand index (26 more) »
Air Force Research Laboratory
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is a scientific research organization operated by the United States Air Force Materiel Command dedicated to leading the discovery, development, and integration of affordable aerospace warfighting technologies, planning and executing the Air Force science and technology program, and providing warfighting capabilities to United States air, space, and cyberspace forces.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
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Apache Point Observatory
The Apache Point Observatory (APO; obs. code: 705) is an astronomical observatory located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico, United States, approximately south of Cloudcroft.
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Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation
The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, or APOLLO, is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico.
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Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon.
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Apollo 14
Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the United States Apollo program, and the third to land on the Moon.
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Apollo 15
Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the United States' Apollo program, the fourth to land on the Moon, and the eighth successful manned mission.
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Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) comprised a set of scientific instruments placed by the astronauts at the landing site of each of the five Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11 (Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17).
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Apollo program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.
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Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.
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Bavaria
Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.
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Carroll Alley
Carroll Overton Alley, Jr. (June 13, 1927 – February 24, 2016) was an American physicist.
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Côte d'Azur Observatory
The Côte d'Azur Observatory (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, OCA) originated in 1988 with the merger of two observatories.
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Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy is a scientific journal covering the fields of astronomy and astrophysics.
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Classical and Quantum Gravity
Classical and Quantum Gravity is a peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of gravitational physics and the theory of spacetime.
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CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.
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Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, obs. code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula.
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Dime (United States coin)
The dime, in U.S. usage, is a ten-cent coin, one tenth of a United States dollar, labeled formally as "one dime".
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Earth–Moon–Earth communication
Earth–Moon–Earth communication (EME), also known as moon bounce, is a radio communications technique that relies on the propagation of radio waves from an Earth-based transmitter directed via reflection from the surface of the Moon back to an Earth-based receiver.
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Equivalence principle
In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is any of several related concepts dealing with the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and to Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is the same as the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference.
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Fundamental station
A fundamental point (in German Fundamentalpunkt) is the geometric origin of a geodetic network and defines the geodetic datum of a national survey.
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General relativity
General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
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Geophysical Research Letters
Geophysical Research Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of geoscience published by the American Geophysical Union that was established in 1974.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Goddard Space Flight Center
The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.
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Grasse
Grasse (Provençal Grassa in classical norm or Grasso in Mistralian norm; traditional Grassa) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department (of which it is a sub-prefecture), on the French Riviera.
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Gravitational constant
The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"), denoted by the letter, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Libration
In astronomy, libration is a perceived oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other, notably including the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of trojan asteroids relative to planets.
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Lick Observatory
The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California.
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Lidar
Lidar (also called LIDAR, LiDAR, and LADAR) is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor.
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List of retroreflectors on the Moon
This is a list of retroreflectors on the Moon, special devices left at five different sites on the Moon by the landing crews of the Apollo program and by the remote landers of the Lunokhod program.
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Long-term experiment
A long-term experiment is an experimental procedure that runs through a long period of time, in order to test a hypothesis or observe a phenomenon that takes place at an extremely slow rate.
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Lunar and Planetary Institute
The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) is a scientific research institute dedicated to study of the solar system, its formation, evolution, and current state.
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Lunar distance (astronomy)
Lunar distance (LD or \Delta_), also called Earth–Moon distance, Earth–Moon characteristic distance, or distance to the Moon, is a unit of measure in astronomy.
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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a NASA robotic spacecraft currently orbiting the Moon in an eccentric polar mapping orbit.
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Lunokhod 1
Lunokhod 1 (Луноход, moon walker in Russian; Аппарат 8ЕЛ № 203, vehicle 8ЕЛ№203) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod program.
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Lunokhod 2
Lunokhod 2 (Луноход-2, moon walker) was the second of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of the Lunokhod programme.
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Lunokhod programme
Lunokhod (Луноход, "Moonwalker") was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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McDonald Observatory
The McDonald Observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the unincorporated community of Fort Davis in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States.
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Meanings of minor planet names: 38001–39000
669 | 38669 Michikawa || || Michikawa is the name of the area in Yurihonjo City, Akita Prefecture, Japan.
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Monochrome
Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or photographs in one color or values of one color.
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Moon
The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.
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Moon Express
Moon Express (MoonEx), is an American privately held early-stage company formed by a group of Silicon Valley and space entrepreneurs, with the goal winning the Google Lunar X Prize, and of ultimately mining the Moon for natural resources of economic value.
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MoonLIGHT
MoonLIGHT, also called Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century (LLRRA-21), is a laser retroreflector to be deployed near the south pole of the Moon.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The (NAOJ) is an astronomical research organisation comprising several facilities in Japan, as well as an observatory in Hawaii.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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Nordtvedt effect
In theoretical astrophysics, the Nordtvedt effect refers to the relative motion between the Earth and the Moon which would be observed if the gravitational self-energy of a body contributed differently to its gravitational mass than to its inertial mass.
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Orbit
In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.
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Physical Review
Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.
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Pic du Midi de Bigorre
The Pic du Midi de Bigorre or simply the Pic du Midi (altitude) is a mountain in the French Pyrenees famous for its Pic du Midi Observatory.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
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Polar motion
Polar motion of the Earth is the motion of the Earth's rotational axis relative to its crust.
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Q-switching
Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam.
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Reports on Progress in Physics
Reports on Progress in Physics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing.
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Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering.
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Ruby laser
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium.
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Satellite laser ranging
In satellite laser ranging (SLR) a global network of observation stations measures the round trip time of flight of ultrashort pulses of light to satellites equipped with retroreflectors.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Sergei Kopeikin
Sergei Kopeikin (born April 10, 1956) is a USSR-born theoretical physicist presently living and working in the United States, where he holds the position of Professor of Physics at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.
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Space geodesy
Space geodesy is geodesy by means of sources external to Earth, mainly artificial satellites (in satellite geodesy) but also quasars (in very-long-baseline interferometry, VLBI) and the retroreflectors on the Moon (in lunar laser ranging, LLR).
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Theory of relativity
The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.
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Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings is evidence, or analysis of evidence, about Moon landings that does not come from either NASA or the U.S. government (the first party), or the Apollo Moon landing hoax theorists (the second party).
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Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.
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Tom Murphy (physicist)
Tom Murphy is a Professor of Physics at the University of California, San Diego.
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Universe Today
Universe Today (UT) is a popular North American-based non-commercial space and astronomy news website.
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University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin (UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public research university and the flagship institution of the University of Texas System.
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University of Washington
The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.
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Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.
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Laser Ranging Retro-Reflector, Laser lunar ranging, Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment, Lunar laser ranging, Lunar laser ranging experiment, Lunar rangefinding, Lunar ranging retroreflector array.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiment
