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96 relations: Acanthamoeba, Aedeagus, African spurred tortoise, American and British English spelling differences, Amphibian, Animal husbandry, Animal sexual behaviour, Aphrophora alni, Archaea, Arthropod, Assortative mating, Bacteria, Banana slug, Basal (phylogenetics), Biology, Bird, Blepharisma japonicum, Breeding in the wild, Chalkhill blue, Chlamydomonas, Cloaca, Coccinellidae, Copulation (zoology), Cornu aspersum, Courtship display, Dragonfly, Eukaryote, Evolution of sexual reproduction, External fertilization, Fertilisation, Fish, Fungus, Gamete, Genetic recombination, Germ cell, Giardia lamblia, Hemipenis, Hermaphrodite, Homologous chromosome, Hoverfly, Insect, Insemination, Internal fertilization, Isogamy, Kingdom (biology), Laothoe populi, Leishmania, Lordosis behavior, Macaque, Mate choice copying, ..., Mating of yeast, Mating pool, Mating system, Mating type, Meiosis, Microorganism, Nest, Nutrient, Nutrition, Organism, Panmixia, Paramecium, Pathogen, Pedipalp, Phylogenetic tree, Plant, Ploidy, Pollination, Primitive (phylogenetics), Reproduction, Reproductive system of gastropods, Reptile, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Seasonal breeder, Sex, Sex organ, Sex pheromone, Sex-determination system, Sexual conflict, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual intercourse, Sexual reproduction, Simosyrphus grandicornis, Species, Spermatophore, Spermatozoon, Spider, Spore, Sternum (arthropod anatomy), Terrestrial animal, Tissue (biology), Trichomonas vaginalis, Unicellular organism, Vertebrate, Virus, Yeast. Expand index (46 more) »
Acanthamoeba
Acanthamoeba is a genus of amoebae, a single-celled eukaryote commonly recovered from soil, fresh water and other habitats.
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Aedeagus
An aedeagus (plural aedeagi) is a reproductive organ of male arthropods through which they secrete sperm from the testes during copulation with a female.
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African spurred tortoise
The African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata), also called the sulcata tortoise, is a species of tortoise, which inhabits the southern edge of the Sahara desert, in Africa.
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American and British English spelling differences
Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products.
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Animal sexual behaviour
Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.
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Aphrophora alni
Aphrophora alni, the European alder spittle bug, is a species belonging to the family Aphrophoridae.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Assortative mating
Assortative mating is a mating pattern and a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Banana slug
Banana slug is a common name for three North American species of terrestrial slug in the genus Ariolimax.
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Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Blepharisma japonicum
Blepharisma japonicum is a species of protozoan that can be found either in water or soil in Japan.
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Breeding in the wild
Breeding in the wild is the natural process of animal reproduction occurring in the natural habitat of a given species.
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Chalkhill blue
The chalkhill blue (Polyommatus coridon) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
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Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae consisting of about 325 speciesSmith, G.M. 1955 Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1.
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Cloaca
In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.
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Coccinellidae
Coccinellidae is a widespread family of small beetles ranging in size from 0.8 to 18 mm (0.03 to 0.71 inches).
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Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.
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Cornu aspersum
Cornu aspersum, known by the common name garden snail, is a species of land snail.
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Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal attempts to attract a mate and exhibit their desire to copulate.
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Dragonfly
A dragonfly is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, infraorder Anisoptera (from Greek ἄνισος anisos, "uneven" and πτερόν pteron, "wing", because the hindwing is broader than the forewing).
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Evolution of sexual reproduction
The evolution of sexual reproduction describes how sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists evolved from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species.
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External fertilization
External fertilization is a male organism’s sperm fertilizing a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s body.
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Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Germ cell
A germ cell is any biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.
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Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis, is a flagellated parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis.
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Hemipenis
A hemipenis (plural hemipenes) is one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates (snakes, lizards and worm lizards).
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Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes.
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Homologous chromosome
A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
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Hoverfly
Hoverflies, sometimes called flower flies, or syrphid flies, make up the insect family Syrphidae.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Insemination
Insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female animal or plant for the purpose of impregnating or fertilizing the female for sexual reproduction.
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Internal fertilization
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent.
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Isogamy
Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar morphology (similar shape and size), differing in general only in allele expression in one or more mating-type regions. Because both gametes look alike, they cannot be classified as "male" or "female". Instead, organisms undergoing isogamy are said to have different mating types, most commonly noted as "+" and "−" strains, although in some species of Basidiomycota there are more than two mating types (designated by numbers or letters). In all cases, fertilization occurs when gametes of two different mating types fuse to form a zygote.
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Kingdom (biology)
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.
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Laothoe populi
Laothoe populi (poplar hawk-moth) is a moth of the family Sphingidae.
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Leishmania
Leishmania is a genus of trypanosomes that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis.
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Lordosis behavior
Lordosis behavior, also known as mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward") or presenting, is the naturally occurring body posture for sexual receptivity to copulation present in most mammals including rodents, elephants, and felines.
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Macaque
The macaques (or pronunciation by Oxford Dictionaries) constitute a genus (Macaca) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.
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Mate choice copying
Mate choice copying (or just "mate copying") describes a non-independent mate choice event.
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Mating of yeast
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a simple single-celled eukaryote with both a diploid and haploid mode of existence.
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Mating pool
A mating pool is a concept used in evolutionary computation.
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Mating system
A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour.
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Mating type
Mating types are molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexually reproducing eukaryotes.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Nest
A nest is a structure built by certain animals to hold eggs, offspring, and, occasionally, the animal itself.
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Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
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Nutrition
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Panmixia
Panmixia (or panmixis) means random mating.
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Paramecium
Paramecium (also Paramoecium) is a genus of unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
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Primitive (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor of a clade (or clade group) and has undergone little change since.
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Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".
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Reproductive system of gastropods
The reproductive system of gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another within this very large and diverse taxonomic class of animals.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast.
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Seasonal breeder
Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year.
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Sex
Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent.
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Sex organ
A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal's body that is involved in sexual reproduction.
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Sex pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the opposite sex, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.
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Sex-determination system
A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.
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Sexual conflict
Sexual conflict or sexual antagonism occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, particularly over the mode and frequency of mating, potentially leading to an evolutionary arms race between males and females.
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Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.
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Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Simosyrphus grandicornis
Simosyrphus grandicornis is an Australasian species of hoverfly, and is one of the two most common hoverflies in Australia, alongside Melangyna viridiceps.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Spermatophore
A spermatophore or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction.
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Sternum (arthropod anatomy)
The sternum (pl. "sterna") is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen.
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Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, spiders), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e.g., fish, lobsters, octopuses), or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats (e.g., frogs, or newts).
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis.
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Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating
