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88 relations: Amphibole, Andalusite, Andesite, Argillaceous minerals, Atom, Augite, Biotite, Blueschist, Calcite, Chalk, Chemical substance, Chert, Chiastolite, Chlorite group, Clastic rock, Cleavage (geology), Coal, Cordierite, Crystallization, Diabase, Dike (geology), Eozoon canadense, Epidote, Erosion, Feldspar, Flint, Foliation (geology), Fossil, Garnet, Gneiss, Granulite, Hornfels, Igneous rock, Index mineral, Intrusive rock, Ion, Kyanite, Latin, Lava, Limestone, List of rock textures, List of rock types, Magma, Marble, Marl, Metamorphic facies, Metamorphism, Metasomatism, Metavolcanic rock, MetPetDB, ..., Mica, Migmatite, Mineral, Mudstone, Neomorphism, Norway, Olivine, Ore, Orogeny, Phyllite, Plate tectonics, Precambrian, Protolith, Pseudofossil, Pyroxene, Quartz, Quartz-porphyry, Quartzite, Recrystallization (geology), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rock (geology), Rock microstructure, Sandstone, Schist, Sedimentary rock, Serpentine subgroup, Shale, Sillimanite, Skarn, Slate, Spinel, Staurolite, University of Oxford, Utah, Vesicular texture, Vesuvianite, Wasatch Range, Wollastonite. Expand index (38 more) »
Amphibole
Amphibole is an important group of generally dark-colored, inosilicate minerals, forming prism or needlelike crystals, composed of double chain tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures.
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Andalusite
Andalusite is an aluminium nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5.
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Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.
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Argillaceous minerals
Argillaceous minerals may appear silvery upon optical reflection and are minerals containing substantial amounts of clay-like components (ἄργιλλος.
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Atom
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.
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Augite
Augite is a common rock-forming pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6.
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Biotite
Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula.
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Blueschist
Blueschist, also called glaucophane schist, is a metavolcanic rock that forms by the metamorphism of basalt and rocks with similar composition at high pressures and low temperatures (200 to ~500 degrees Celsius), approximately corresponding to a depth of 15 to 30 kilometers.
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Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
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Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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Chert
Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
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Chiastolite
Chiastolite is a variety of the mineral andalusite with the chemical composition Al2SiO5.
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Chlorite group
The chlorites are a group of phyllosilicate minerals.
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Clastic rock
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock.
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Cleavage (geology)
Cleavage, in structural geology and petrology, describes a type of planar rock feature that develops as a result of deformation and metamorphism.
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Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
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Cordierite
"Praseolite" redirects here.
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Crystallization
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.
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Diabase
Diabase or dolerite or microgabbro is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro.
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Dike (geology)
A dike or dyke, in geological usage, is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body.
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Eozoon canadense
Eozoön canadense (literally, "dawn animal of Canada") is a pseudofossil.
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Epidote
Epidote is a calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate mineral.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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Feldspar
Feldspars (KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8) are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals that make up about 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.
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Flint
Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert.
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Foliation (geology)
Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Garnet
Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
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Gneiss
Gneiss is a common distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.
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Granulite
Granulites are a class of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the granulite facies that have experienced high-temperature and moderate-pressure metamorphism.
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Hornfels
Hornfels (German, meaning "hornstone") is called so because of its exceptional toughness and texture both reminiscent of animal horns.
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Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
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Index mineral
An index mineral is used in geology to determine the degree of metamorphism a rock has experienced.
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Intrusive rock
Intrusive rock (also called plutonic rock) is formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies underground to form intrusions, for example plutons, batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Kyanite
Kyanite is a typically blue silicate mineral, commonly found in aluminium-rich metamorphic pegmatites and/or sedimentary rock.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lava
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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List of rock textures
This page is intended to be a list of rock textural and morphological terms.
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List of rock types
The following is a list of rock types recognized by petrologists.
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
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Marl
Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt.
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Metamorphic facies
A metamorphic facies is a set of metamorphic mineral assemblages that were formed under similar pressures and temperatures.
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Metamorphism
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change).
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Metasomatism
Metasomatism is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids.
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Metavolcanic rock
In geology, metavolcanic rock is a type of metamorphic rock.
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MetPetDB
MetPetDB is a relational database and repository for global geochemical data on and images collected from metamorphic rocks from the earth's crust.
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Mica
The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage.
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Migmatite
Migmatite is a rock that is a mixture of metamorphic rock and igneous rock.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.
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Neomorphism
Neomorphism refers to the wet metamorphic process in which diagenetic alterations systematically transform minerals into either polymorphs or crystalline structures that are structurally identical to the rock(s) from which they developed.
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Norway
Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.
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Olivine
The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4.
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Ore
An ore is an occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit.
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Orogeny
An orogeny is an event that leads to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) due to the interaction between plate tectonics.
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Phyllite
Phyllite is a type of foliated metamorphic rock created from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
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Precambrian
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.
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Protolith
A protolith is the original, unmetamorphosed rock from which a given metamorphic rock is formed (proto-: first; lithos: rock; both Greek).
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Pseudofossil
Pseudofossils are inorganic objects, markings, or impressions that might be mistaken for fossils.
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Pyroxene
The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated to Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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Quartz
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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Quartz-porphyry
Quartz-porphyry, in layman's terms, is a type of volcanic (igneous) rock containing large porphyritic crystals of quartz.
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Quartzite
Quartzite (from Quarzit) is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.
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Recrystallization (geology)
In geology, solid-state recrystallization is a metamorphic process that occurs under temperature and pressure where atoms of a mineral are reorganized by diffusion and/or dislocation glide.
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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a private research university and space-grant institution located in Troy, New York, with two additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut.
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Rock (geology)
Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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Rock microstructure
Rock microstructure includes the texture of a rock and the small scale rock structures.
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Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.
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Schist
Schist (pronounced) is a medium-grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet-like grains in a preferred orientation (nearby grains are roughly parallel).
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Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
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Serpentine subgroup
The serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite rocks.
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Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
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Sillimanite
Sillimanite is an aluminosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5.
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Skarn
Skarns or tactites are hard, coarse-grained metamorphic rocks that form by a process called Metasomatism.
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Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism.
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Spinel
Spinel is the magnesium aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.
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Staurolite
Staurolite is a red brown to black, mostly opaque, nesosilicate mineral with a white streak.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Vesicular texture
Vesicular texture is a volcanic rock texture characterized by a rock being pitted with many cavities (known as vesicles) at its surface and inside.
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Vesuvianite
Vesuvianite, also known as idocrase, is a green, brown, yellow, or blue silicate mineral.
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Wasatch Range
The Wasatch Range is a mountain range that stretches approximately from the Utah-Idaho border, south through central Utah in the western United States.
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Wollastonite
Wollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock
