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Mount Pinatubo

Index Mount Pinatubo

Mount Pinatubo (Bakil nin Pinatobo; Bunduk/Bulkan ning Pinatubu, Bunduk ning Apu Malyari; Palandey/Bulkan na Pinatubu; Bantay Pinatubo; Bundok/Bulkang Pinatubo) is an active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains, located on the tripoint boundary of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga, all in Central Luzon on the northern island of Luzon. [1]

229 relations: Acid, Aeta people, Agriculture, Airlift, Alaska, Amoranto Sports Complex, Andesite, Angeles, Philippines, Anhydrite, Antarctica, Arsenic, Atmosphere of Earth, Australia, Baguio, Barangay, Belgium, Botolan, Cabangan, Cadmium, Calcium sulfate, Caldera, Cambodia, Canada, Capas, Tarlac, Cebu, Central Luzon, Cesar Basa Air Base, Chile, China, Chromium, Clark Air Base, Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone, Cloud condensation nuclei, Copper, Crater lake, Dacite, Dam, Denmark, Department of Social Welfare and Development, Disaster, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, Dust, Economic development, Ecosystem, Education, Emergency evacuation, Eocene, Erosion, Eruption column, Eurasian Plate, ..., Eye (cyclone), Farmer, Fidel Ramos, Finland, Flood, Floridablanca, Pampanga, Forest, Fracture (geology), France, Geothermal energy, Germany, Global Volcanism Program, Great Flood of 1993, Gross domestic product, Guam, Harmonic tremor, Hawaii, Hornblende, Humanitarian aid, Igneous rock, India, Indonesia, Infrastructure, International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, Italy, Japan, Kapampangan language, Krakatoa, Lahar, Lake Pinatubo, Lava dome, Lead, Levee, Lightning, List of active volcanoes in the Philippines, List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines, List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines, List of volcanic eruptions by death toll, Lunar eclipse, Luzon, Magma, Magma chamber, Malaysia, Malta, Manila, Manila Trench, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, Mercury (element), Metro Manila, Millennium, Mineral redox buffer, Miocene, Moment magnitude scale, Mount Arayat, Mount Hudson, Mount Manunggal, Myanmar, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Nature (journal), Naval Air Station Cubi Point, Netherlands, New Zealand, Newspaper, Nickel, Non-governmental organization, Northern Hemisphere, Norway, Novarupta, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, Okinawa Prefecture, Oligocene, Operation Fiery Vigil, Ophiolite, Ozone, Ozone depletion, P-wave, Pampanga, Particulates, PH, Phenocryst, Philippine Air Force, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Fault System, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Philippine Mobile Belt, Philippine National Oil Company, Philippine Standard Time, Philippines, Phreatic eruption, Plagioclase, Plain, Plate tectonics, Plinian eruption, Pliocene, Poultry, PREDA Foundation, President of the Philippines, Pressure, Provinces of the Philippines, Pyroclastic rock, Pyroclastic surge, Quezon City, Radio, Radiocarbon dating, Rainforest, Ramon Magsaysay, Reforestation, Rice, Rizal, Nueva Ecija, Rockslide, Sambal language, San Felipe, Zambales, San Guillermo Parish Church, San Marcelino, Saudi Arabia, School, Sea level, Sediment, Seismometer, Singapore, Somma volcano, South China Sea, South Korea, Southern Hemisphere, Spain, Steam, Stratosphere, Stratovolcano, Subduction, Subic Bay, Subic, Zambales, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Sun.Star Cebu, Sunlight, Sweden, Tagalog language, Tarlac, Television, Tephra, Thailand, The Seattle Times, Tiltmeter, Timeline of volcanism on Earth, Tripoint, Tropopause, Typhoon, Typhoon Yunya (1991), U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay, UNESCO, United Kingdom, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United States, United States Air Force, United States Geological Survey, Valley, Vietnam, Volcanic ash, Volcanic belt, Volcanic Explosivity Index, Volcanic plug, Volcano, Volcanologist, Volcanology, Vought F-8 Crusader, Weathering, World Airways, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, Zambales, Zambales Mountains, Zinc, 1906 San Francisco earthquake, 1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, 1990 Luzon earthquake, 1993 Storm of the Century, 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Expand index (179 more) »

Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Aeta people

The Aeta (Ayta), or Agta, are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the island of Luzon, the Philippines.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Airlift

An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies or personnel primarily via military transport aircraft.

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Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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Amoranto Sports Complex

The Amoranto Sports Complex is located in Quezon City, Philippines.

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Andesite

Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.

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Angeles, Philippines

, officially the, (Lakanbalen ning Angeles; Lungsod ng Angeles), or simply referred to as Angeles City, is a highly urbanized city in the region of Central Luzon,. According to the, it has a population of people. It is bordered by Mabalacat to the north; Mexico to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the south; and Porac to the southwest and west. Though the city administers itself autonomously from Pampanga, it is the province's commercial and financial hub. Angeles is served by the Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone. Being home of the former Clark Air Base (then the largest United States military facility outside the continental United States), it was significantly affected by the fallout brought about by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The economy of Angeles was heavily dependent on the American base at that time. In 1993, a full cleanup and removal of volcanic ash deposits began and the former U.S. base re-emerged as Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ)."Mr. Lucio Tan is very excited about the development of Clark as an international airport. Clark will become the premiere airport in the country in the next five years," PAL president Jaime Bautista said. The creation of CSEZ has helped to offset the loss of income and jobs previously generated by the presence of the U.S. base in the city. Today, Angeles and Clark form the hub for business, industry, aviation, and tourism in the Philippines as well as a leisure, fitness, entertainment and gaming center of Central Luzon. Angeles ranked 15th in a survey by MoneySense magazine as one of the "Best Places to Live in the Philippines" in its March–April 2008 issue. Angeles is from Manila and from the provincial capital, San Fernando.

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Anhydrite

Anhydrite is a mineral—anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Baguio

, officially the (Ibaloi: Ciudad ne Bagiw; Siudad ti Baguio; Lungsod ng Baguio) and popularly referred to as Baguio City, is a mountain resort city located in Northern Luzon, Philippines.

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Barangay

A barangay ((abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), formerly referred to as barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In metropolitan areas, the term often refers to an inner city neighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood. The word barangay originated from balangay, a kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to the Philippines. Municipalities and cities in the Philippines are subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan, Palawan which each contain only one barangay. The barangay itself is sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called purok (English: "zone"), barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses, and sitios, which are territorial enclaves—usually rural—far from the barangay center., there were 42,029 barangays throughout the Philippines.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Botolan

Botolan, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Cabangan

Cabangan, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Cadmium

Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.

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Calcium sulfate

Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates.

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Caldera

A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Capas, Tarlac

, officially the, (Balen ning Capas; Baley na Capas; Ili ti Capas; Bayan ng Capas), is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Cebu

Cebu (Lalawigan sa Sugbu; Lalawigan ng Cebu) is a province of the Philippines located in the region, and consisting of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets.

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Central Luzon

Central Luzon (Kalibudtarang Luzon, Pegley na Luzon, Gitnang Luzon, designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines, primarily serving to organize the 7 provinces of the vast central plains of the island of Luzon (the largest island), for administrative convenience. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, earning itself the nickname "Rice Granary of the Philippines". Its provinces are: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales.

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Cesar Basa Air Base

Cesar Basa Air Base, or simply Basa Air Base (formerly known as Floridablanca Airfield), is an airbase currently operated by the Philippine Air Force.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chromium

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.

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Clark Air Base

Clark Air Base is a Philippine Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, located west of Angeles, about northwest of Metro Manila.

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Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone

The Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone (CFEZ) refers to an area spanning the city of Angeles and the provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac.

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Cloud condensation nuclei

Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Crater lake

A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite, or in the crater left by an artificial explosion caused by humans.

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Dacite

Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock.

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Dam

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Department of Social Welfare and Development

The Philippines' Department of Social Welfare and Development (Kagawaran ng Kagalingan at Pagpapaunlad Panlipunan, abbreviated as DSWD) is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for the protection of the social welfare of rights of Filipinos and to promote social development.

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Disaster

A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

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Douglas C-47 Skytrain

The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota (RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner.

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Dust

Dust are fine particles of matter.

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Economic development

economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.

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Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Emergency evacuation

Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.

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Eocene

The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.

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Erosion

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

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Eruption column

An eruption column is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption.

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Eurasian Plate

The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent, and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia.

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Eye (cyclone)

The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of strong tropical cyclones.

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Farmer

A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.

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Fidel Ramos

Gen.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Flood

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.

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Floridablanca, Pampanga

Floridablanca, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Forest

A forest is a large area dominated by trees.

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Fracture (geology)

A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides the rock into two or more pieces.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Global Volcanism Program

The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years.

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Great Flood of 1993

The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 (or "Great Flood of 1993") occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries, from May to October 1993.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Guam

Guam (Chamorro: Guåhån) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Harmonic tremor

A harmonic tremor is a sustained release of seismic and infrasonic energy typically associated with the underground movement of magma, the venting of volcanic gases from magma, or both.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hornblende

Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals (ferrohornblende – magnesiohornblende).

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Humanitarian aid

Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance to people who need help.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.

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International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

The United Nations General Assembly designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Kapampangan language

Kapampangan, Pampango, or the Pampangan language is one of the major languages of the Philippines.

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Krakatoa

Krakatoa, or Krakatau (Krakatau), is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

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Lahar

A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.

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Lake Pinatubo

Lake Pinatubo (Lawa ng Pinatubo) is the summit crater lake of Mount Pinatubo formed after its climactic eruption on June 15, 1991.

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Lava dome

In volcanology, a lava dome or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Levee

14.

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Lightning

Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs typically during a thunderstorm.

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List of active volcanoes in the Philippines

Active volcanoes in the Philippines, as categorized by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), include volcanoes in the country having erupted within historical times (within the last 600 years), with accounts of these eruptions documented by humans; or having erupted within the last 10,000 years (holocene) based on analyses of datable materials.

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List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines

This is a List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines.

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List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines

This is a list of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines, as classified by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.

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List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive, volatile, or neither.

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Lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow.

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Luzon

Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines.

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Magma

Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.

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Magma chamber

A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Malta

Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Manila

Manila (Maynilà, or), officially the City of Manila (Lungsod ng Maynilà), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.

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Manila Trench

The Manila Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines.

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McDonnell Douglas DC-10

The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is a three-engine wide-body jet airliner manufactured by McDonnell Douglas.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Metro Manila

Metropolitan Manila (Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan areas of the Philippines.

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Millennium

A millennium (plural millennia or, rarely, millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears.

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Mineral redox buffer

In geology, a redox buffer is an assemblage of minerals or compounds that constrains oxygen fugacity as a function of temperature.

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Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

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Moment magnitude scale

The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted as Mw or M) is one of many seismic magnitude scales used to measure the size of earthquakes.

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Mount Arayat

Mount Arayat is an inactive basaltic volcano on Luzon Island, Philippines, rising to a height of.

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Mount Hudson

Mount Hudson (locally known as Volcán Hudson) is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, and the site of one of the largest eruptions in the twentieth century.

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Mount Manunggal

Mount Manunggal is the highest mountain in the island of Cebu located in Barangay Magsaysay in Balamban, Cebu province, rising 3,599 ft.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines)

The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) is the agency of the national government of the Philippines that is responsible for protecting the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Philippines.

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National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is both a combat support agency under the United States Department of Defense and an intelligence agency of the United States Intelligence Community, with the primary mission of collecting, analyzing, and distributing geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) in support of national security.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Naval Air Station Cubi Point

U.S. Naval Air Station Cubi Point was a United States Navy aerial facility located at the edge of Naval Base Subic Bay and abutting the Bataan Peninsula in the Republic of the Philippines.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Newspaper

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Novarupta

Novarupta (meaning "newly erupted" in Latin) is a volcano that was formed in 1912, located on the Alaska Peninsula in Katmai National Park and Preserve, about southwest of Anchorage.

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Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance

The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) is an organizational unit within the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that is charged by the President of the United States with directing and coordinating international United States government disaster assistance.

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Okinawa Prefecture

is the southernmost prefecture of Japan.

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Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.

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Operation Fiery Vigil

Operation Fiery Vigil was the emergency evacuation of all non-essential military and United States Department of Defense civilian personnel and their dependents from Clark Air Base and U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay during the June 1991 volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.

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Ophiolite

An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

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Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

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Ozone depletion

Ozone depletion describes two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere(the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions.

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P-wave

A P-wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology.

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Pampanga

Pampanga (Lalawigan ning Pampanga; Lalawigan ng Pampanga) is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines.

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Particulates

Atmospheric aerosol particles, also known as atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM), particulates, or suspended particulate matter (SPM) are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in Earth's atmosphere.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Phenocryst

1 euro coin (diameter 2.3 cm) for scale. A phenocryst is an early forming, relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of an igneous rock.

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Philippine Air Force

The Philippine Air Force (PAF; Hukbong Himpapawid ng Pilipinas, Fuerza Aérea de Filipinas) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

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Philippine Daily Inquirer

The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is a newspaper in the Philippines.

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Philippine Fault System

The Philippine Fault System is a major inter-related system of faults throughout the whole of the Philippine Archipelago, primarily caused by tectonic forces compressing the Philippines into what geophysicists call the Philippine Mobile Belt.

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Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya) abbreviated as PHIVOLCS) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. It is one of the service agencies of the Department of Science and Technology. PHIVOLCS monitors volcano, earthquake, and tsunami activity, and issues warnings as necessary. It is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from such volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other related geotectonic phenomena.

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Philippine Mobile Belt

The Philippine Mobile Belt is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, comprising most of the country of the Philippines.

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Philippine National Oil Company

The Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) was created on November 9, 1973 as a government-owned and controlled corporation founded under martial law Presidential Ferdinand Marcos to supply oil to the Philippines.

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Philippine Standard Time

Philippine Standard Time (Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas, abbreviated PST or PhST), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time in the Philippines.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phreatic eruption

A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground or surface water.

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Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.

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Plain

In geography, a plain is a flat, sweeping landmass that generally does not change much in elevation.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

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Plinian eruption

Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Poultry

Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.

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PREDA Foundation

People’s Recovery Empowerment Development Assistance or Preda is a charitable organization that was founded in Olongapo City, Philippines in 1974.

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President of the Philippines

The President of the Philippines (Pangulo ng Pilipinas, informally referred to as Presidente ng Pilipinas; or in Presidente de Filipinas) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Provinces of the Philippines

The Provinces of the Philippines (Filipino: Mga Lalawigan ng Pilipinas) are the primary political and administrative divisions of the Philippines.

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Pyroclastic rock

Pyroclastic rocks or pyroclastics (derived from the πῦρ, meaning fire; and κλαστός, meaning broken) are clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials.

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Pyroclastic surge

A pyroclastic surge is a fluidized mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments that is ejected during some volcanic eruptions.

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Quezon City

Quezon City (Lungsod Quezon,; Ciudad Quezón; also known as QC or Kyusi) is the most populous city in the Philippines.

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Radio

Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between, and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

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Ramon Magsaysay

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was a Filipino politician who was the seventh President of the Philippines, serving from December 30, 1953 until his death in an aircraft disaster.

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Reforestation

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands (forestation) that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Rizal, Nueva Ecija

, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Rockslide

A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through intact rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks.

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Sambal language

Sambal or Sambali is a Sambalic language spoken primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba, and in the Pangasinense municipality of Infanta in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Panitian, Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag of Puerto Princesa.

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San Felipe, Zambales

San Felipe, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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San Guillermo Parish Church

San Guillermo Parish Church is named after San Guillermo, the patron saint of Bacolor, Pampanga, Philippines, where the church is erected.

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San Marcelino

San Marcelino, officially the, (Ili ti San Marcelino; Bayan ng San Marcelino), is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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School

A school is an institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Seismometer

A seismometer is an instrument that measures motion of the ground, caused by, for example, an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the use of explosives.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Somma volcano

A somma volcano (also known as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone.

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South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Steam

Steam is water in the gas phase, which is formed when water boils.

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Stratosphere

The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.

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Stratovolcano

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and ash.

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.

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Subic Bay

Subic Bay is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines, about northwest of Manila Bay.

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Subic, Zambales

Subic, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Sun.Star Cebu

The Sun.Star Cebu is a community newspaper in Cebu City, the Philippines.

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Sunlight

Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Tagalog language

Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority.

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Tarlac

Tarlac (Lalawigan ning Tarlac; Luyag na Tarlac; Probinsia ti Tarlac; Lalawigan ng Tarlac) is a landlocked province located in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines.

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Television

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in colour, and in two or three dimensions and sound.

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Tephra

Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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The Seattle Times

The Seattle Times is a daily newspaper serving Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Tiltmeter

A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures.

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Timeline of volcanism on Earth

This timeline of volcanism on Earth is a list of major volcanic eruptions of approximately at least magnitude 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission around the Quaternary period.

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Tripoint

A tripoint, trijunction, triple point or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet.

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Tropopause

The tropopause is the boundary in the Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

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Typhoon

A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Typhoon Yunya (1991)

Typhoon Yunya, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Diding, was a strong tropical cyclone that weakened before impacting the Philippines at the time of the colossal eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991.

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U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay

Naval Base Subic Bay was a major ship-repair, supply, and rest and recreation facility of the Spanish Navy and subsequently the United States Navy located in Zambales, Philippines.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP or ESCAP), located in the United Nations Building in Rajadamnern Nok Avenue in Bangkok, Thailand, is one of the five regional commissions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, under the administrative direction of the United Nations headquarters.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Air Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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Valley

A valley is a low area between hills or mountains often with a river running through it.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.

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Volcanic belt

A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region.

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Volcanic Explosivity Index

The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.

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Volcanic plug

A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Volcanologist

A volcanologist or vulcanologist is a geologist who studies the processes involved in the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions, known as volcanology.

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Volcanology

Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena.

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Vought F-8 Crusader

The Vought F-8 Crusader (originally F8U) is a single-engine, supersonic, carrier-based air superiority jet aircraft built by Vought for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, replacing the Vought F7U Cutlass, and for the French Navy.

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Weathering

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

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World Airways

World Airways, Inc. was an American airline headquartered in Peachtree City, Georgia in Greater Atlanta.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 Member States and Territories.

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Zambales

Zambales (Lalawigan ng Zambales; Probinsya nin Zambales; Lalawigan ning Zambales; Luyag na Zambales) is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region in the island of Luzon.

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Zambales Mountains

The Zambales Mountains is a mountain range on western Luzon island in the Philippines.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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1906 San Francisco earthquake

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

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1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash

The 1957 crash of a Douglas C-47 plane named "Mt.

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1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

On May 18, 1980, a major volcanic eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens, a volcano located in Skamania County, in the State of Washington.

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1990 Luzon earthquake

The 1990 Luzon earthquake struck the Philippines at 4:26 p.m. on July 16 (PDT).

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1993 Storm of the Century

The 1993 Storm of the Century (also known as the 93 Superstorm, The No Name Storm, or the Great Blizzard of 1993) was a large cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on March 12, 1993.

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2008 Sichuan earthquake

The 2008 Sichuan earthquakeSome early Western reports used the term Chengdu quake; e.g.,,, etc.

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Redirects here:

1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Mount Pinotubo, Mount. Pinatubo, Mount. Pinotubo, Mt pinatubo, Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Pinotubo, Pinatubo, Pinatubo volcano, Pinatubo, Mount, Pinotubo, Pinotubo, Mount.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo

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