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Kīlauea

Index Kīlauea

Kīlauea is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaiokinai. [1]

201 relations: Acid rain, Ahupuaa, Alkali basalt, American Geophysical Union, American Institute of Physics, Ancient Hawaii, Asa and Lucy Goodale Thurston, ‘Ōma’o, ‘Elepaio, Benjamin Pitman (Hawaii), Caldera, Cenozoic, Chain of Craters Road, Charcoal, Cibotium, Cinder cone, Clarence Dutton, Colonisation (biology), Core sample, Critically endangered, Décollement, Earthquake, Effusive eruption, Endangered species, Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands, Environment of Hawaii, Eos (magazine), Era (geology), Eruption column, Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes, Explosive eruption, ʻAkiapolaʻau, ʻApapane, ʻIʻiwi, Fault (geology), Fault scarp, Freycinetia arborea, Geomagnetic secular variation, George Byron, 7th Baron Byron, George Lycurgus, Global Volcanism Program, Haleakalā National Park, Halemaumau Crater, Hawaiʻi ʻakepa, Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Hawaii (island), Hawaii Center for Volcanology, Hawaii hotspot, ..., Hawaii Route 130, Hawaiian eruption, Hawaiian hawk, Hawaiian hoary bat, Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian language, Hawaiian petrel, Hawaiian religion, Hawaiian tropical rainforests, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, Hawksbill sea turtle, Henry Cabot Lodge, Hilina Slump, Hilo, Hawaii, Holocene, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Hotspot (geology), Hualālai, Hydrochloric acid, Institute for Astronomy, International Mountain Society, Invasive species, James Cook, James Dwight Dana, John Muir, Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Kaʻū Desert, Kaimū, Hawaii, Kalapana, Hawaii, Kamapua'a, Kamehameha I, Kapoho, Hawaii, Kīlauea, Keanakakoi eruption, Keōua Kuahuula, Kilauea Military Camp, Koa'e Fault Zone, Kohala (mountain), Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, Landsat 7, Lava, Lava lake, Lava tube, Laze (geology), Lōʻihi Seamount, Leilani Estates, Hawaii, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, List of currently erupting volcanoes, List of missionaries to Hawaii, List of rain deities, List of volcanic eruptions by death toll, List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain, Lorrin A. Thurston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Macmillan Publishers, Magma, Magma chamber, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Ulu, Metrosideros polymorpha, Mother goddess, Mount Etna, NASA, National Academy of Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, National Park Service, National Park Service Organic Act, National Register of Historic Places, National Weather Service, Native Hawaiians, Nene (bird), Oregon State University, Oxford University Press, Pacific Plate, Pacific Science, Papahānaumoku, Pauahi (crater), Pele (deity), PH, Phreatic eruption, Phreatomagmatic eruption, Physics Today, Physiographic province, Pit crater, Polynesian rat, Pressure, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Psychotria mariniana, Puʻu ʻŌʻō, Puna, Hawaii, Radiocarbon dating, Remotely operated underwater vehicle, Rift zone, Russia, Ruth Tabrah, Sacred mountains, Saddle (landform), Sadleria cyatheoides, Seamount, Shield volcano, Sky father, Society for Science & the Public, Subaerial, Submarine eruption, Submarine volcano, Sulfur dioxide, Systematic Biology, Tectonics, Tephra, The Atlantic, The Honolulu Advertiser, Theodore Roosevelt, Theridion grallator, Thomas Jaggar, Titus Coan, Topographic prominence, Trade winds, UNESCO, United States, United States Geological Survey, University of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa, University of Hawaii Press, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Vacationland Hawaii, Volcanic ash, Volcanic cone, Volcanic Explosivity Index, Volcanic gas, Volcano, Volcano House, Volcano, Hawaii, W. W. Norton & Company, Walter F. Frear, Wao Kele o Puna, Wākea, William Ellis (missionary), William Richards Castle Jr., Windward and leeward, Woodrow Wilson, World Heritage site, 1790 Footprints, 1908 Messina earthquake, 2018 Hawaii earthquake, 2018 lower Puna eruption. Expand index (151 more) »

Acid rain

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

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Ahupuaa

Ahupuaʻa is an old Hawaiian term for a large traditional socioeconomic, geologic, and climatic subdivision of land (comparable to the tapere in the Southern Cook Islands).

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Alkali basalt

Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a fine-grained, dark-coloured, volcanic rock characterized by phenocrysts of olivine, titanium-rich augite, plagioclase feldspar and iron oxides.

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American Geophysical Union

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of geophysicists, consisting of over 62,000 members from 144 countries.

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American Institute of Physics

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science, the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies.

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Ancient Hawaii

Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian human history preceding the unification in 1810 of the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai by Kamehameha the Great.

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Asa and Lucy Goodale Thurston

Asa Thurston (October 12, 1787 – March 11, 1868) and Lucy Goodale Thurston (October 29, 1795 – October 13, 1876) were in the first company of American Christian missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands.

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‘Ōma’o

The ʻōmaʻo (Myadestes obscurus, also called the Hawaiian thrush) is an endemic species of robin-like bird found only on the island of Hawaii.

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‘Elepaio

The elepaios are three species of monarch flycatcher in the genus Chasiempis.

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Benjamin Pitman (Hawaii)

Benjamin Pitman (October 12, 1815 – January 17, 1888) was an American businessman who married Hawaiian nobility.

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Caldera

A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir.

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Cenozoic

The Cenozoic Era meaning "new life", is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and, extending from 66 million years ago to the present day.

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Chain of Craters Road

Chain of Craters Road is a long winding paved road through the East Rift and coastal area of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaii, in the state of Hawaii, United States.

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Charcoal

Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.

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Cibotium

Cibotium (from the Greek kibootion, meaning chest or box) is a genus of 11 species of tropical tree fern—subject to much confusion and revision—distributed fairly narrowly in Hawaiokinai (four species, plus a hybrid, collectively known as hāpuu), Southeast Asia (five species), and the cloud forests of Central America and Mexico (two species).

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Cinder cone

A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as either volcanic clinkers, cinders, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent.

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Clarence Dutton

In 1875, he began work as a geologist for the U.S. Geological Survey.

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Colonisation (biology)

Colonisation or colonization is the process in biology by which a species spreads to new areas.

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Core sample

A core sample is a cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally occurring substance.

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Critically endangered

A critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

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Décollement

Décollement (from the French décoller, 'to detach from') is a gliding plane between two rock masses, also known as a basal detachment fault.

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Earthquake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

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Effusive eruption

An effusive eruption is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out of a volcano onto the ground.

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Endangered species

An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.

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Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands

Located about 2300 miles (3680 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the planet.

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Environment of Hawaii

Hawaii is one of fifty states of the U.S. and covers the Hawaiian Islands, a volcanic archipelago consisting of eight major islands, several atolls and numerous smaller islets.

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Eos (magazine)

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, is a weekly magazine of Earth science published by John Wiley & Sons for the American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Era (geology)

A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.

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Eruption column

An eruption column is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption.

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Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes

The fifteen volcanoes that make up the eight principal islands of Hawaii are the youngest in a chain of more than 129 volcanoes that stretch across the North Pacific Ocean, called the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain.

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Explosive eruption

In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.

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ʻAkiapolaʻau

The akiapōlāau (Hemignathus wilsoni), pronounced ah-kee-ah-POH-LAH-OW, is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that is endemic to the island of Hawaii.

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ʻApapane

The apapane (Himatione sanguinea) is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper that is endemic to Hawaii.

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ʻIʻiwi

The iiwi (Drepanis coccinea, pronounced, ee-EE-vee), or scarlet honeycreeper is a "hummingbird-niched" species of Hawaiian honeycreeper.

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Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.

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Fault scarp

A fault scarp is a small step or offset on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other.

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Freycinetia arborea

Freycinetia arborea, Ieie, is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to the Pacific Islands.

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Geomagnetic secular variation

Geomagnetic secular variation refers to changes in the Earth's magnetic field on time scales of about a year or more.

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George Byron, 7th Baron Byron

Admiral George Anson Byron, 7th Baron Byron (8 March 1789 – 1 March 1868), was a British nobleman, naval officer, peer, politician, and the seventh Baron Byron, in 1824 succeeding his cousin the poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron in that peerage.

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George Lycurgus

George Lycurgus (Γεώργιος Λυκοῦργος) (1858–1960) was a Greek American businessman who played an influential role in the early tourist industry of Hawaii.

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Global Volcanism Program

The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years.

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Haleakalā National Park

Haleakalā National Park is an American national park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii.

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Halemaumau Crater

Halemaumau Crater is a pit crater located within the much larger summit caldera of Kīlauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

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Hawaiʻi ʻakepa

The Hawaiʻi ʻakepa (Loxops coccineus) is an endangered ʻakepa native to Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands.

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Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi

The Hawaii amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), also known as the common amakihi, is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper.

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Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, established on August 1, 1916, is an American National Park located in the U.S. state of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hawaii (island)

Hawaiʻi is the largest island located in the U.S. state of Hawaii.

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Hawaii Center for Volcanology

The Hawaii Center for Volcanology was a cooperative effort between the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the United States Geological Survey, and the Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes at the University of Hawaii at Hilo.

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Hawaii hotspot

The Hawaii hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located near the namesake Hawaiian Islands, in the northern Pacific Ocean.

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Hawaii Route 130

Route 130 is a state highway in Hawaii County, Hawaii.

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Hawaiian eruption

A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes.

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Hawaiian hawk

The Hawaiian hawk or io (Buteo solitarius) is a raptor of the Buteo genus endemic to Hawaiokinai, currently restricted to the Big Island.

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Hawaiian hoary bat

The Hawaiian hoary bat or ōpeapea (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) is an endangered subspecies of the hoary bat (family Vespertilionidae) that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.

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Hawaiian Islands

The Hawaiian Islands (Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiokinai in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll.

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Hawaiian language

The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian: Ōlelo Hawaii) is a Polynesian language that takes its name from Hawaiokinai, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.

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Hawaiian petrel

The Hawaiian petrel or uau (Pterodroma sandwichensis) is a large, dark grey-brown and white petrel that is endemic to Hawaiokinai.

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Hawaiian religion

Hawaiian religion encompasses the indigenous religious beliefs and practices of the Native Hawaiians.

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Hawaiian tropical rainforests

The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands.

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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kīlauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaiokinai.

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Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain

The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii.

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Hawksbill sea turtle

The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae.

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Henry Cabot Lodge

Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 November 9, 1924) was an American Republican Congressman and historian from Massachusetts.

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Hilina Slump

The Hilina Slump, on the south flank of the Kilauea Volcano on the southeast coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, is the most notable of several landslides that ring each of the Hawaiian Islands.

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Hilo, Hawaii

Hilo is the largest settlement and census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Island of HawaiOkinai.

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch.

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Honolulu Star-Bulletin

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin was a daily newspaper based in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.

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Hotspot (geology)

In geology, the places known as hotspots or hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle.

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Hualālai

Hualālai (pronounced in Hawaiian) is an active volcano on the island of Hawaiokinai in the Hawaiian Islands.

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Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula.

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Institute for Astronomy

The Institute for Astronomy (IfA) is a research unit within the University of Hawaii system, led by Robert McLaren as Acting Director.

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International Mountain Society

The International Mountain Society (IMS) is a scientific research society focusing on the dissemination of information about mountain research and mountain development throughout the world, but particularly in developing regions.

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Invasive species

An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

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James Cook

Captain James Cook (7 November 1728Old style date: 27 October14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy.

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James Dwight Dana

James Dwight Dana FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist.

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John Muir

John Muir (April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) also known as "John of the Mountains" and "Father of the National Parks", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States.

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Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole

Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaole (March 26, 1871 – January 7, 1922) was a prince of the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai until it was overthrown by a coalition of American and European businessmen in 1893.

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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research is a scientific journal that publishes recent research on the fields of volcanology and geothermal activity.

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Kaʻū Desert

The Kaū Desert is a leeward desert in the district of Kaokinaū, the southernmost district on the Big Island of Hawaii, and is made up mostly of dried lava remnants, volcanic ash, sand and gravel.

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Kaimū, Hawaii

Kaimū was a small town in the Puna District on Island of Hawaiokinai that was completely destroyed by an eruptive flow of lava from the Kūpaʻianahā vent of the Kīlauea volcano in 1990.

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Kalapana, Hawaii

Kalapana is a town and a region in the Puna District on the Island of Hawaiokinai in the Hawaiian Islands.

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Kamapua'a

In Hawaiian mythology, Kamapuaa ("hog child") is a hog-man fertility superhuman associated with Lono, the god of agriculture.

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Kamehameha I

Kamehameha I (– May 8 or 14, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great (full Hawaiian name: Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiikui Kamehameha o Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea), was the founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Kapoho, Hawaii

Kapoho, Hawaii, is an unincorporated community in Puna district, Hawaiokinai County, Hawaiokinai, located near the eastern tip of the island of Hawaiokinai, in the easternmost end of the graben overlying Kīlauea's east rift zone.

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Kīlauea

Kīlauea is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaiokinai.

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Keanakakoi eruption

The Keanakakoi eruption of Kīlauea volcano refers to a VEI-4 eruption that occurred from the summit caldera in or around November 1790.

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Keōua Kuahuula

Keōua Kūahuula was an Aliokinai (member of the royal class) during the time of the unification of the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai.

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Kilauea Military Camp

Kīlauea Military Camp (KMC) is operated as a Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) facility on Hawai‘i Island, also known as the Big Island, in Hawaiʻi.

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Koa'e Fault Zone

The Koa’e Fault Zone (pronounced coe-wah-hee) is a series of fault scarps connecting the East and Southwest Rift Zones on Kilauea Volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii.

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Kohala (mountain)

Kohala is the oldest of five volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii.

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Kuril–Kamchatka Trench

The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench or Kuril Trench (Курило-Камчатский жёлоб, Kurilo-Kamchatskii Zhyolob) is an oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

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Landsat 7

Landsat 7 is the seventh satellite of the Landsat program.

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Lava

Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.

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Lava lake

Lava lakes are large volumes of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.

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Lava tube

A lava tube is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava which moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow.

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Laze (geology)

Laze is acid rain and air pollution arising from steam explosions and large plume clouds containing extremely acidic condensate (mainly hydrochloric acid), which occur when molten lava flows enter cold oceans.

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Lōʻihi Seamount

Lōihi Seamount (also known as Lōʻihi) is an active submarine volcano about off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii.

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Leilani Estates, Hawaii

Leilani Estates is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi, United States located in the District of Puna.

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Letitia Elizabeth Landon

Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838), English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L.

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List of currently erupting volcanoes

A list of erupting volcanoes follows below.

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List of missionaries to Hawaii

This is a list of missionaries to Hawaii.

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List of rain deities

There are many different gods of rain in different religions.

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List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive, volatile, or neither.

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List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain

The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a series of volcanoes and seamounts extending across the Pacific Ocean.

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Lorrin A. Thurston

Lorrin Andrews Thurston (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman born and raised in the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai.

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Lunar and Planetary Institute

The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) is a scientific research institute dedicated to study of the solar system, its formation, evolution, and current state.

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Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers Ltd (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group) is an international publishing company owned by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.

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Magma

Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.

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Magma chamber

A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth.

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Mantle (geology)

The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.

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Mantle plume

A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, first proposed by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii.

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Mauna Loa

Mauna Loa (or; Hawaiian:; Long Mountain) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.

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Mauna Ulu

Mauna Ulu is a volcanic cone in the eastern rift zone of the Kīlauea volcano on the island of Hawaii.

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Metrosideros polymorpha

Metrosideros polymorpha, the ōhia lehua, is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to the six largest islands of Hawaiokinai.

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Mother goddess

A mother goddess is a goddess who represents, or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility, creation, destruction or who embodies the bounty of the Earth.

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Mount Etna

Mount Etna, or Etna (Etna or Mongibello; Mungibeddu or â Muntagna; Aetna), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catania.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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National Park Service Organic Act

The National Park Service Organic ActAn Act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes.

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National Register of Historic Places

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.

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National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States Federal Government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

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Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians (Hawaiian: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawaiʻi maoli) are the aboriginal Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants.

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Nene (bird)

The nene (Branta sandvicensis), also known as nēnē and Hawaiian goose, is a species of goose endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.

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Oregon State University

Oregon State University (OSU) is an international, public research university in the northwest United States, located in Corvallis, Oregon.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pacific Plate

The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean.

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Pacific Science

Pacific Science is an international, multidisciplinary, academic journal devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific basin, focusing especially on biogeography, ecology, evolution, geology and volcanology, oceanography, palaeontology, and systematics.

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Papahānaumoku

Papahānaumoku, sometimes called Papa, is the earth mother goddess in Hawaiian religion of the Kanaka Maoli.

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Pauahi (crater)

The Pauahi Crater is a crater of long and about deep located approximately along the Chain of Craters Road on the Big Island of Hawaii.

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Pele (deity)

In the Hawaiian religion, Pele (pronounced), is the goddess of fire, lightning, wind and volcanoes and the creator of the Hawaiian Islands.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Phreatic eruption

A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground or surface water.

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Phreatomagmatic eruption

Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water.

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Physics Today

Physics Today is the membership magazine of the American Institute of Physics that was established in 1948.

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Physiographic province

A physiographic province is a geographic region with a characteristic geomorphology, and often specific subsurface rock type or structural elements.

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Pit crater

A pit crater (also called a subsidence crater or collapse crater) is a depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber, rather than by the eruption of a volcano or lava vent.

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Polynesian rat

The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.

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Psychotria mariniana

Psychotria mariniana, the forest wild coffee or kōpiko, is a tree endemic to Hawaiokinai.

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Puʻu ʻŌʻō

Puu Ōō (often written Puu Oo) is a volcanic cone in the eastern rift zone of the Kīlauea volcano of the Hawaiian Islands.

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Puna, Hawaii

Puna is one of the 9 districts of Hawaii County on the Island of Hawaiokinai (Big Island; County of Hawaii).

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Remotely operated underwater vehicle

A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) is a tethered underwater mobile device.

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Rift zone

A rift zone is a feature of some volcanoes, especially shield volcanoes, in which a linear series of cracks (or rifts) develops in a volcanic edifice, typically forming into two or three well-defined regions along the flanks of the vent.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Ruth Tabrah

Ruth M. Tabrah (February 28, 1921 – April 8, 2004), was an American writer and ordained Buddhist minister.

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Sacred mountains

Sacred mountains are central to certain religions and are the subjects of many legends.

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Saddle (landform)

The saddle between two hills (or mountains) is the region surrounding the highest point of the lowest point on the line tracing the drainage divide (the col) connecting the peaks.

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Sadleria cyatheoides

Sadleria cyatheoides, commonly known as amaumau fern or amau, is a fern species in the family Blechnaceae, in the eupolypods II clade of the order Polypodiales, in the class Polypodiopsida.

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Seamount

A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet or cliff-rock.

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Shield volcano

A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually composed almost entirely of fluid lava flows.

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Sky father

In comparative mythology, sky father is a term for a recurring concept of a sky god who is addressed as a "father", often the father of a pantheon.

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Society for Science & the Public

Society for Science & the Public (SSP), formerly known as Science Service, is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of science, through its science education programs and publications, including the bi-weekly Science News magazine and the free-accessible online.

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Subaerial

In natural science, subaerial (literally "under the air"), has been used since 1833, in the Merriam-Webster dictionary.

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Submarine eruption

Submarine eruptions are those volcano eruptions which take place beneath the surface of water.

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Submarine volcano

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Systematic Biology

Systematic Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.

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Tectonics

Tectonics is the process that controls the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time.

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Tephra

Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

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The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher, founded in 1857 as The Atlantic Monthly in Boston, Massachusetts.

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The Honolulu Advertiser

The Honolulu Advertiser was a daily newspaper published in Honolulu, Hawaii.

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Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.

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Theridion grallator

Theridion grallator, also known as the Hawaiian happy-face spider, is a spider in the family Theridiidae.

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Thomas Jaggar

Thomas Augustus Jaggar, Jr. (January 24, 1871 – January 17, 1953) was an American volcanologist.

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Titus Coan

Titus Coan (February 1, 1801 – December 1, 1881) was an American minister from New England who spent most of his life as a Christian missionary to the Hawaiian Islands.

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Topographic prominence

In topography, prominence characterizes the height of a mountain or hill's summit by the vertical distance between it and the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it.

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Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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University of Hawaii

The University of Hawaiʻi system (formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public, co-educational college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the State of Hawaii in the United States.

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University of Hawaii at Manoa

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (also known as U.H. Mānoa, the University of Hawaiʻi, or simply U.H.) is a public co-educational research university as well as the flagship campus of the University of Hawaiʻi system.

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University of Hawaii Press

The University of Hawaii Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiokinai.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

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Vacationland Hawaii

Vacationland Hawaii, also called Kapoho Vacationland, was a coastal subdivision on the island of Hawai'i, the largest island in the state of Hawaii.

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Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.

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Volcanic cone

Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms.

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Volcanic Explosivity Index

The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.

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Volcanic gas

Volcanic gases are gases given off by active (or, at times, by dormant) volcanoes.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Volcano House

Volcano House is the name of a series of historic hotels built at the edge of the Kīlauea volcano, within the grounds of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the Island of Hawai'i.

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Volcano, Hawaii

Volcano is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna with a small portion of the CDP in the District of Kaokinaū.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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Walter F. Frear

Walter Francis Frear (October 29, 1863 – January 22, 1948) was a lawyer and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii, and the third Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1907 to 1913.

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Wao Kele o Puna

Wao Kele O Puna (Wao Kele) is Hawaiokinai's largest remaining lowland wet forest, about south of the city of Hilo, along the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano on the Island of Hawaiokinai.

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Wākea

In the Hawaiian religion, Wākea, the Sky father weds Papahānaumoku, the earth mother.

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William Ellis (missionary)

William Ellis (29 August 1794 – 9 June 1872) was an English missionary and author.

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William Richards Castle Jr.

William Richards Castle Jr. (June 19, 1878 – October 13, 1963) was an American educator and diplomat.

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Windward and leeward

Windward is the direction upwind from the point of reference, alternatively the direction from which the wind is coming.

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Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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1790 Footprints

The 1790 Footprints refer to a set of footprints found near the Kīlauea volcano in present-day Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaiokinai.

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1908 Messina earthquake

The 1908 Messina earthquake (also known as the 1908 Messina and Reggio earthquake) occurred on 28 December in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

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2018 Hawaii earthquake

On May 4, 2018, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 struck Hawaii island in the Hawaii archipelago at around 12:33 p.m. local time.

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2018 lower Puna eruption

The 2018 lower Puna eruption is an ongoing volcanic event on the island of Hawaiʻi, on Kīlauea volcano's East Rift Zone that began on May 3, 2018.

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Redirects here:

Ka-poho-i-kahi-ola, Kilauea, Kilauea Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Kiluea, Kiluea Volcano, Kīlauea volcano, Mount Kilauea, Mount Kīlauea, Mount kilauea, Mt Kiluea, Mt kilauea, Mt. Kilauea, Mt. Kīlauea, Mt. kilauea.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kīlauea

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