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Neanderthal

Index Neanderthal

Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago. [1]

211 relations: Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Academia.edu, Accretion model of Neanderthal origins, Adaptation, Alexey Okladnikov, Altai Mountains, Altamura Man, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Amud 1, Apex predator, Archaic human admixture with modern humans, Archaic humans, Arcy-sur-Cure, Arthur Keith, Assemblage (archaeology), Atapuerca Mountains, Aurochs, Érd, Ötzi, Šipka, Bacho Kiro cave, Bergmann's rule, Blond, Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site, Brain size, Bruniquel Cave, Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Cannibalism, Capra (genus), Carbon-14, Cave of El Castillo, Charles Darwin, Châtelperronian, Chris Stringer, Christopher Columbus, Chronology, Chronospecies, Combe Grenal, Common name, Comparative anatomy, Computational fluid dynamics, Coprolite, Cranial cavity, Düsseldorf, Demirköprü Dam, Denisova Cave, Denisovan, Dural venous sinuses, Durham University, Early human expansions out of Africa, ..., Early human migrations, Eemian, Effective population size, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Encephalization, Engis, Engis 2, Erik Trinkaus, Ernst Haeckel, Ethnic groups in Europe, European early modern humans, Femur, Flake tool, Forbes' Quarry, FOXP2, Genetics, Genus, German language, German orthography, Germany, Gibraltar, Gibraltar 1, Gorham's Cave, HarperCollins, Hermann Klaatsch, Hermann Schaaffhausen, Homo, Homo antecessor, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo sapiens, Human height, Human taxonomy, Hybrid (biology), Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography, International Phonetic Alphabet, Iraqi Kurdistan, Isotope analysis, Israel, Jared Diamond, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Joachim Neander, Johann Carl Fuhlrott, John D. Hawks, Kůlna Cave, Kebara 2, Kebara Cave, Kingdom of Prussia, Kleine Feldhofer Grotte, Krapina, La Chapelle-aux-Saints, La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1, La Ferrassie 1, Lagar Velho 1, Late Pleistocene, Le Moustier, Light skin, Limestone, List of human evolution fossils, List of Neanderthal sites, Mammoth, Manisa, Marcellin Boule, Marine isotope stage, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Middle Paleolithic, Middle Pleistocene, Miguelón, Mitochondrial DNA, Mladeč, Mount Precipice, Mousterian, Multiregional origin of modern humans, Nahal Amud, National Geographic Society, National Museum of Natural History, Nature (journal), Neandertal (valley), Neanderthal 1, Neanderthal genome project, Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, Neanderthal Museum, Neanderthal station, Neanderthals in Gibraltar, Neanderthals in Southwest Asia, Neumann, New Scientist, New York City, North Rhine-Westphalia, Novosibirsk, Nuclear DNA, Occipital bun, Okladnikov Cave, On the Origin of Species, Origin of the domestic dog, Pantheon Books, Paul Mellars, Paul Pettitt, Peștera cu Oase, Peștera Muierilor, Pelvis, Phenotypic trait, Philippe-Charles Schmerling, Physical strength, Portugal, Pravda, Principle of Priority, Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩, Ralph Solecki, Recent African origin of modern humans, Red deer, Red hair, Reindeer, Rhine Province, Rhineland, Rhinoceros, Robustness (morphology), Saccopastore skulls, San people, Scapula, Schöningen spears, Schizophyllum commune, Shanidar Cave, Shuqba cave, Sidrón Cave, Skhul and Qafzeh hominins, Skull, Smithsonian Institution, Southern Dispersal, Spain, Spy Cave, Spy, Belgium, Stalagmite, Stone tool, Straight-tusked elephant, Svante Pääbo, Tabun Cave, TalkOrigins Archive, Tautavel Man, Taxonomy (biology), Teshik-Tash 1, The Guardian, The New York Times, Thermoluminescence, Thomas Higham, Turkey, Type (biology), Uranium–thorium dating, Uzbekistan, Vindija Cave, Visual perception, Wales, Washington University in St. Louis, Wild boar, William King (geologist), Year, Yoruba people, Zagros Mountains, 30th parallel north, 85th meridian east. Expand index (161 more) »

Abrigo do Lagar Velho

Lagar Velho is a rock-shelter in the Lapedo valley, a limestone canyon 13 km from the centre of Leiria, in the municipality of Leiria, in central Portugal.

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Academia.edu

Academia.edu is a for-profit American social networking website for academics.

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Accretion model of Neanderthal origins

In Palaeoanthropology, the accretion model is a theory for the appearance of Neanderthals.

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Alexey Okladnikov

Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov (Алексе́й Па́влович Окла́дников; 1908–1981) was a Soviet archaeologist, historian, and ethnographer, an expert in the ancient cultures of Siberia and the Pacific Basin.

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Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains (also spelled Altay Mountains; Altai: Алтай туулар, Altay tuular; Mongolian:, Altai-yin niruɣu (Chakhar) / Алтайн нуруу, Altain nuruu (Khalkha); Kazakh: Алтай таулары, Altai’ tay’lary, التاي تاۋلارى Алтайские горы, Altajskije gory; Chinese; 阿尔泰山脉, Ā'ěrtài Shānmài, Xiao'erjing: اَعَرتَىْ شًامَىْ; Dungan: Артэ Шанмэ) are a mountain range in Central and East Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together, and are where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.

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Altamura Man

The Altamura Man is a fossil of the genus Homo discovered in 1993 in a karst sinkhole in the Lamalunga Cave near the city of Altamura, Italy.

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American Journal of Physical Anthropology

The American Journal of Physical Anthropology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official journal of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

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Amud 1

Amud 1 is a nearly complete but poorly preserved adult Southwest Asian Neanderthal skeleton thought to be about 55,000 years old.

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Apex predator

An apex predator, also known as an alpha predator or top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, with no natural predators.

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Archaic human admixture with modern humans

There is evidence for interbreeding between archaic and modern humans during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.

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Archaic humans

A number of varieties of Homo are grouped into the broad category of archaic humans in the period contemporary and predating the emergence of the earliest anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) over 315 kya.

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Arcy-sur-Cure

Arcy-sur-Cure is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

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Arthur Keith

Sir Arthur Keith FRS (5 February 1866 – 7 January 1955) was a Scottish anatomist and anthropologist, and a proponent of scientific racism.

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Assemblage (archaeology)

An assemblage is an archaeological term meaning a group of different artifacts found in association with one another, that is, in the same context.

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Atapuerca Mountains

The Atapuerca Mountains (Sierra de Atapuerca) is a karstic hill formation near the village of Atapuerca in Castile and León, northern Spain.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

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Érd

Érd (Hanselbeck; Andzabeg) is city and urban county in Pest County, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary.

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Ötzi

Ötzi (also called the Iceman, the Similaun Man, the Man from Hauslabjoch, the Tyrolean Iceman, and the Hauslabjoch mummy) is a nickname given to the well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived between 3400 and 3100 BCE.

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Šipka

Šipka is a cave located near Štramberk, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, 440 m above sea level.

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Bacho Kiro cave

The Bacho Kiro cave is situated west of the town Dryanovo, Bulgaria, only away from the Dryanovo Monastery.

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Bergmann's rule

Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.

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Blond

Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.

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Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site

The Bontnewydd palaeolithic site (also known in its unmutated form as Pontnewydd Welsh language: 'New bridge') is an archaeological site near St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales which has yielded one of the earliest known remains of Neanderthals in Britain.

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Brain size

The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy and evolution.

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Bruniquel Cave

Bruniquel Cave is an archeological site near Bruniquel, in an area which has many paleolithic sites, east of Montauban in southwestern France.

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Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (CI, also CI Super-eruption) was a major volcanic eruption in the Mediterranean during the late Quaternary, classified at 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI).

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Cannibalism

Cannibalism is the act of one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.

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Capra (genus)

Capra is a genus of mammals, the goats, composed of up to nine species, including the wild goat, the markhor, and several species known as ibex.

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Carbon-14

Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

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Cave of El Castillo

The Cueva de El Castillo, or Cave of the Castle, is an archaeological site within the complex of the Caves of Monte Castillo, in Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Châtelperronian

The Châtelperronian is a claimed industry of the Upper Palaeolithic, the existence of which is debated.

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Chris Stringer

Christopher Brian "Chris" Stringer FRS (born 1947), is a British physical anthropologist noted for his work on human evolution.

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer.

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Chronology

Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, "time"; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time.

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Chronospecies

A chronospecies is a species derived from a sequential development pattern which involves continual and uniform changes from an extinct ancestral form on an evolutionary scale.

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Combe Grenal

Combe Grenal, also known as Combe-Grenal, is an archeological site consisting of a collapsed cave and a slope deposit near Domme, Dordogne in Dordogne, France.

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Common name

In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, trivial name, trivial epithet, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized.

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Comparative anatomy

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

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Computational fluid dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows.

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Coprolite

A coprolite is fossilized feces.

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Cranial cavity

The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: Düsseldörp), often Dusseldorf in English sources, is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs.

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Demirköprü Dam

Demirköprü Dam is an embankment dam on the Gediz River in Manisa Province, Turkey.

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Denisova Cave

Denisova Cave (Дени́сова Пеще́ра, Аю-Таш.

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Denisovan

The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo.

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Dural venous sinuses

The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain.

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Durham University

Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.

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Early human expansions out of Africa

Homo erectus, or its immediate australopithecine-derived ancestors, are thought to have first dispersed out of Africa and into Eurasia shortly after 2 million years ago (also known as Out of Africa I), well before the emergence of anatomically modern humans some 300,000 years ago.

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Early human migrations

The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the out of Africa migration of Homo erectus, followed by other archaic humans including H. heidelbergensis.

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Eemian

The Eemian (also called the last interglacial, Sangamonian, Ipswichian, Mikulin, Kaydaky, Valdivia or Riss-Würm) was the interglacial period which began about 130,000 years ago and ended about 115,000 years ago.

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Effective population size

The effective population size is "the number of individuals in a population who contribute offspring to the next generation," or all the breeding adults in that population.

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Electron paramagnetic resonance

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials with unpaired electrons.

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Encephalization

Encephalization is defined as the amount of brain mass related to an animal's total body mass.

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Engis

Engis is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège.

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Engis 2

Engis 2 refers to a partially preserved calvaria (cranium) and associated fragments of an upper and a lower jaw, a maxillary bone and an upper incisor tooth of a two to three year old Neanderthal child, being part of an assemblage, discovered in 1829 by Dutch physician and naturalist Philippe-Charles Schmerling in the Awirs Cave, situated just north of the Belgian municipality Engis.

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Erik Trinkaus

Erik Trinkaus, PhD, (born December 24, 1948) is a paleoanthropologist specialised on Neandertal biology and human evolution.

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.

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European early modern humans

European early modern humans (EEMH) in the context of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe refers to the early presence of anatomically modern humans in Europe.

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Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.

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Flake tool

In archaeology, a flake tool is a type of stone tool that was used during the Stone Age that was created by striking a flake from a prepared stone core.

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Forbes' Quarry

Forbes' Quarry is located on the northern face of the Rock of Gibraltar within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.

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FOXP2

Forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOXP2 gene, also known as CAGH44, SPCH1 or TNRC10, and is required for proper development of speech and language.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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German orthography

German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Gibraltar 1

Gibraltar 1 is the specimen name of a Neanderthal skull found at Forbes' Quarry in Gibraltar in 1848, by Captain Edmund Flint, a British officer with the Royal Navy.

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Gorham's Cave

Gorham's Cave is a natural sea cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.

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Hermann Klaatsch

Dr.

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Hermann Schaaffhausen

Hermann Schaaffhausen (19 July 1816, Koblenz – 26 January 1893, Bonn) was a German anatomist, anthropologist, and paleoanthropologist.

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Homo

Homo (Latin homō "human being") is the genus that encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans), plus several extinct species classified as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans (depending on a species), most notably Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.

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Homo antecessor

Homo antecessor is an extinct archaic human species (or subspecies) of the Lower Paleolithic, known to have been present in Western Europe (Spain, England and France) between about 1.2 million and 0.8 million years ago (Mya).

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Homo erectus

Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.

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Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo of the Middle Pleistocene (between about 700,000 and 200,000-300,000 years ago), known from fossils found in Southern Africa, East Africa and Europe.

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Human height

Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.

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Human taxonomy

Human taxonomy is the classification of the human species (systematic name Homo sapiens) within zoological taxonomy.

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Hybrid (biology)

In biology, a hybrid, or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

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Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography

The Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography or N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Институт этнологии и антропологии им.; abbreviated as ИЭА in Russian and IEA in English) is a Russian institute of research, specializing in ethnographic studies of cultural and physical anthropology.

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International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.

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Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraqi Kurdistan, officially called the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Herêmî Kurdistan) by the Iraqi constitution, is an autonomous region located in northern Iraq.

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Isotope analysis

Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, the abundance of certain stable isotopes and chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Jared Diamond

Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American ecologist, geographer, biologist, anthropologist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee (1991); Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); Collapse (2005); and The World Until Yesterday (2012).

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Jean-Jacques Hublin

Jean-Jacques Hublin (born 30 November 1953, in Mostaganem, French Algeria) is a French Paleoanthropologist.

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Joachim Neander

Joachim Neander (Neumann) (165031 May 1680) was a German Reformed (Calvinist) Church teacher, theologian and hymn writer whose most famous hymn, Praise to the Lord, the Almighty, the King of Creation (Lobe den Herren, den mächtigen König der Ehren) has been described by John Julian in his A Dictionary of Hymnology "a magnificent hymn of praise to God, perhaps the finest creation of its author, and of the first rank in its class." Due to its popularity it was translated several times into English - Catherine Winkworth being one of the translators in the 19th century -, and the hymn has appeared in most major hymnals.

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Johann Carl Fuhlrott

Prof.

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John D. Hawks

John Hawks is an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

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Kůlna Cave

The Kůlna Cave is situated north of Brno in the Czech Republic.

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Kebara 2

Kebara 2 (or KMH2) is a 60,000 year-old Levantine Neanderthal mid-body male skeleton.

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Kebara Cave

Kebara Cave (Hebrew: מערת כבארה Me'arat Kebbara, Arabic: مغارة الكبارة Mugharat al-Kabara) is an Israeli limestone cave locality in the Wadi Kebara, situated at above sea level on the western escarpment of the Carmel Range, in the Ramat Hanadiv preserve of Zichron Yaakov.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kleine Feldhofer Grotte

Kleine Feldhofer Grotte was a karstic limestone cave and a paleoanthropologic site in the Neandertal Valley in western Germany.

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Krapina

Krapina is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,482 (2011) and a total municipality population of 12,480 (2011).

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La Chapelle-aux-Saints

La Chapelle-aux-Saints is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

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La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1

La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 ("The Old Man") is an almost complete male Neanderthal skeleton discovered in La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France by A. and J. Bouyssonie, and L. Bardon in 1908.

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La Ferrassie 1

La Ferrassie 1 is a male Neanderthal skeleton estimated to be 70–50,000 years old.

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Lagar Velho 1

The Lagar Velho 1, also known as or the Lagar Velho boy,and Lapedo child is a complete prehistorical skeleton found in Portugal, believed to be a hybrid that had a Neanderthal parent and an anatomically modern human parent.

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Late Pleistocene

The Late Pleistocene is a geochronological age of the Pleistocene Epoch and is associated with Upper Pleistocene or Tarantian stage Pleistocene series rocks.

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Le Moustier

Le Moustier is an archeological site consisting of two rock shelters in Peyzac-le-Moustier, a village in the Dordogne, France.

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Light skin

Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color, which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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List of human evolution fossils

The following tables give a brief overview of several notable hominin fossil finds relating to human evolution beginning with the formation of the Hominini tribe in the late Miocene (roughly 6 million years ago).

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List of Neanderthal sites

This is a list of archeological sites where remains or tools of Neanderthals were found.

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Mammoth

A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.

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Manisa

Manisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.

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Marcellin Boule

Marcellin Boule (1 January 1861 – 4 July 1942) was a French palaeontologist.

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Marine isotope stage

Marine isotope stages (MIS), marine oxygen-isotope stages, or oxygen isotope stages (OIS), are alternating warm and cool periods in the Earth's paleoclimate, deduced from oxygen isotope data reflecting changes in temperature derived from data from deep sea core samples.

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Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. is a privately held independent publishing company founded by its president, Mary Ann Liebert, in 1980.

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Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, shortened to MPI EVA) is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, founded in 1997.

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Middle Paleolithic

The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Middle Pleistocene

The Middle Pleistocene is an informal, unofficial subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch, from 781,000 to 126,000 years ago.

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Miguelón

Miguelón is the popular nickname for the earliest skull of Homo neanderthalensis ever found.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mladeč

Mladeč (Lautsch) is a village and municipality (obec) in Olomouc District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Mount Precipice

Mount Precipice (הר הקפיצה, "Har HaKfitsa"; جبل القفزة, "Jebel al-Qafzeh", "Mount of the Leap"), also known as Mount of Precipitation, Mount of the Leap of the Lord and Mount Kedumim is located just outside the southern edge of Nazareth, 2.0 km southwest of the modern city center.

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Mousterian

The Mousterian (or Mode III) is a techno-complex (archaeological industry) of flint lithic tools associated primarily with Neanderthals, as well as with the earliest anatomically modern humans in Eurasia.

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Multiregional origin of modern humans

The multiregional hypothesis, multiregional evolution (MRE), or polycentric hypothesis is a scientific model that provides an alternative explanation to the more widely accepted "Out of Africa" model of monogenesis for the pattern of human evolution.

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Nahal Amud

Nahal Amud (נחל עמוד), also known as the Wadi Amud, is a stream in the Upper Galilee region of Israel that flows into the Sea of Galilee.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world.

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National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Neandertal (valley)

The Neandertal (sometimes called "the Neander Valley" in English) is a small valley of the river Düssel in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about east of Düsseldorf, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Neanderthal 1

Feldhofer 1, Neanderthal 1 is the scientific name of the 40,000-year-old type specimen fossil of the species ''Homo neanderthalensis'', found in August 1856 in a German cave, the Kleine Feldhofer Grotte in the Neandertal valley, east of Düsseldorf.

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Neanderthal genome project

The Neanderthal genome project is an effort of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome, founded in July 2006.

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Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes

Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes is a book by evolutionary anthropologist Svante Pääbo.

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Neanderthal Museum

Neanderthal Museum is a museum in Mettmann, Germany.

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Neanderthal station

Neanderthal station is a Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn station in the town of Mettmann in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Neanderthals in Gibraltar

The Neanderthals in Gibraltar were among the first to be discovered by modern scientists and may have been among the last of their species according to a number of extinction hypotheses which emphasize regional differences, usually claiming the Iberian Peninsula acted as a “refuge” for the retreating Neanderthal populations and Gibraltar community as having been the last, existing until around 24,000 years ago.

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Neanderthals in Southwest Asia

Southwest Asian Neanderthals are Neanderthals that lived in Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, the southernmost expanse of their known range.

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Neumann

Neumann (German for "new man", and one of the 20 most common German surnames) may refer to.

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New Scientist

New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen,, commonly shortened to NRW) is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area.

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Novosibirsk

Novosibirsk (p) is the third-most populous city in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg.

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Nuclear DNA

Nuclear DNA, or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA), is the DNA contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic organism.

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Occipital bun

An occipital bun is a prominent bulge or projection of the occipital bone at the back of the skull.

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Okladnikov Cave

Okladnikov Cave (Пещера Окладникова) is a paleoanthropological site located in the foothills of the Altai Mountains in Soloneshensky District, Altai Krai in southern Siberia, Russia.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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Origin of the domestic dog

The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.

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Pantheon Books

Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint with editorial independence.

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Paul Mellars

Sir Paul Anthony Mellars, FBA (born 29 October 1939) is a British academic, archaeologist and pre-historian.

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Paul Pettitt

Paul Barry Pettitt, FSA is a British archaeologist and academic.

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Peștera cu Oase

Peștera cu Oase (meaning "The Cave with Bones") is a system of 12 karstic galleries and chambers located near the city Anina, in the Caraș-Severin county, southwestern Romania, where some of the oldest European early modern human (EEMH) remains, between 37,000 42,000 years old, have been found.

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Peștera Muierilor

Peștera Muierilor, or Peștera Muierii (Romanian for "The Women's Cave", or "The Woman's Cave"), is an elaborate cave system located in the Baia de Fier commune, Gorj County, Romania.

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Pelvis

The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).

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Phenotypic trait

A phenotypic trait, or simply trait, is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.

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Philippe-Charles Schmerling

Philippe-Charles or Philip Carel Schmerling (2 March 1791 Delft – 7 November 1836, Liège) was a Dutch/Belgian prehistorian, pioneer in paleontology, and geologist.

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Physical strength

Physical strength is the measure of an animal's exertion of force on physical objects.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Pravda

Pravda (a, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, formerly the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million.

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Principle of Priority

valid name. Priority is a fundamental principle of modern botanical nomenclature and zoological nomenclature.

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Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩

In English, the digraph th represents in most cases one of two different phonemes: the voiced dental fricative (as in this) and the voiceless dental fricative (thing).

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Ralph Solecki

Ralph Stefan Solecki is an American archaeologist.

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Recent African origin of modern humans

In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans, also called the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).

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Red deer

The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species.

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Red hair

Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.

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Reindeer

The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia and North America.

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Rhine Province

The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz), also known as Rhenish Prussia (Rheinpreußen) or synonymous with the Rhineland (Rheinland), was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946.

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Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland, Rhénanie) is the name used for a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

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Rhinoceros

A rhinoceros, commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species.

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Robustness (morphology)

In biology, robustness is used to describe a species with a morphology based on strength and a heavy build.

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Saccopastore skulls

The Saccopastore skulls are a pair of fossilized hominid skulls that were found by the Aniene river in Lazio, Italy.

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San people

No description.

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Scapula

In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas; also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade or wing bone) is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).

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Schöningen spears

The Schöningen spears are a set of eight wooden throwing spears from the Palaeolithic Age that were excavated between 1994 and 1998 in the open-cast lignite mine in Schöningen, Helmstedt district, Germany, together with an associated cache of approximately 16,000 animal bones.

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Schizophyllum commune

Schizophyllum commune is a species of fungus in the genus Schizophyllum.

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Shanidar Cave

Shanidar Cave (Kurdish: Şaneder or Zewî Çemî Şaneder) is an archaeological site located on Bradost Mountain in the Erbil Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan.

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Shuqba cave

Shuqba cave is an archaeological site near the town of Shuqba in the western Judaean Mountains in the West Bank.

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Sidrón Cave

The Sidrón Cave (Cueva del Sidrón) is a non-carboniferous limestone karst cave system located in the Piloña municipality of Asturias, northwestern Spain, where Paleolithic rock art and the fossils of more than a dozen Neanderthals were found.

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Skhul and Qafzeh hominins

The Skhul/Qafzeh hominins or Qafzeh–Skhul early modern humans are hominin fossils discovered in the Qafzeh and Es Skhul Caves in Israel.

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Skull

The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.

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Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.

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Southern Dispersal

In the context of the recent African origin of modern humans, the Southern Dispersal scenario (also the coastal migration hypothesis) refers to the early migration along the southern coast of Asia, from the Arabian peninsula via Persia and India to Southeast Asia and Oceania.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spy Cave

Spy Cave (Grotte de Spy) is located near Spy in the municipality of Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, province of Namur, Belgium above the left bank of the Orneau River.

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Spy, Belgium

Spy is a village in the municipality of Jemeppe-sur-Sambre near Namur, Belgium.

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Stalagmite

A stalagmite (or; from the Greek σταλαγμίτης -, from σταλαγμίας -, "dropping, trickling") is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings.

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Stone tool

A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone.

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Straight-tusked elephant

The straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) is an extinct species of elephant that inhabited Europe during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (781,000–50,000 years before present).

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Svante Pääbo

Svante Pääbo (born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish biologist specializing in evolutionary genetics.

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Tabun Cave

The Tabun Cave is an excavated site located at Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, Israel and is one of Human Evolution sites at Mount Carmel, which were proclaimed as having universal value by UNESCO in 2012.

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TalkOrigins Archive

The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and "intelligent design" creationists.

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Tautavel Man

Tautavel Man (Homo erectus tautavelensis) is a proposed subspecies of Homo erectus, the type specimen being 450,000-year-old fossil remains discovered in the Arago Cave in Tautavel, France.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Teshik-Tash 1

Teshik-Tash 1 is a Neanderthal skeleton discovered in 1938 in Teshik-Tash Cave, in the Bajsuntau mountain range, Uzbek SSR, central Asia.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Thermoluminescence

Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material.

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Thomas Higham

Thomas Higham is an archaeological scientist and radiocarbon dating specialist.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.

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Uranium–thorium dating

Uranium–thorium dating, also called thorium-230 dating, uranium-series disequilibrium dating or uranium-series dating, is a radiometric dating technique established in the 1960s which has been used since the 1970s to determine the age of calcium carbonate materials such as speleothem or coral.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state.

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Vindija Cave

Vindija Cave is an archaeological site associated with Neanderthals and modern humans, located in the municipality of Donja Voća, northern Croatia.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Washington University in St. Louis

Washington University in St.

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Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988), Volume I, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, pp.

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William King (geologist)

William King (22 April 1809 – 24 June 1886), was an Anglo-Irish geologist at Queen's College Galway.

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Year

A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.

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Yoruba people

The Yoruba people (name spelled also: Ioruba or Joruba;, lit. 'Yoruba lineage'; also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, lit. 'Children of Yoruba', or simply as the Yoruba) are an ethnic group of southwestern and north-central Nigeria, as well as southern and central Benin.

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Zagros Mountains

The Zagros Mountains (کوه‌های زاگرس; چیاکانی زاگرۆس) form the largest mountain range in Iran, Iraq and southeastern Turkey.

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30th parallel north

The 30th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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85th meridian east

The meridian 85° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

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Redirects here:

H. neanderthalenis, H. neanderthalensis, H. s. neanderthalensis, Homo Neanderthalensis, Homo Neanderthalis, Homo neandertalensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo neanderthalis, Homo neandrathalensis, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens neanderthalis, Homo stupidus, Neadertal, Neaderthaloid, Neandarthal, Neandertahl, Neandertal, Neandertal Man, Neandertal man, Neandertalensis, Neandertals, Neanderthal Man, Neanderthal man, Neanderthalensis, Neanderthaloid, Neanderthaloids, Neanderthals, Neanderthol, Neandethal, Neandrathal, Neardenthal, Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal

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