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209 relations: Acoela, Acoelomorpha, Algae, Amiskwia, Anatomical terms of location, Animal, Annelid, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Anopla, Anus, Archenteron, Archives of Natural History, Argentinosaurus, Arthropod, Australasia, Australia, Azores, Basal (phylogenetics), Basement membrane, Bathyal zone, Benthic zone, Bilateria, Bivalvia, Blue whale, BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC Genomics, Brachiopod, Brain, British Isles, Bryozoa, Burgess Shale, Burrow, Calcareous, Calcium phosphate, Canary Islands, Carnivore, Cellophane, Central nervous system, Cerebrum, Chemoreceptor, Chordate, Cilium, Circulatory system, Circumesophageal nerve ring, Clade, Cladistics, Clam, Class (biology), Cleavage (embryo), Coelom, ..., Commensalism, Connective tissue, Crustacean, Ctenophora, Cuticle, Deerstalker, Dermis, Deuterostome, Dicyemida, Diffusion, Dinosaur, Diplodocus, DNA, Doris (mythology), Dungeness crab, Ecdysis, Ecdysozoa, Echinoderm, Echiura, Egg cell, Embryo, Emplectonema neesii, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Enopla, Entoprocta, Epidermis (zoology), Epithelium, Evolutionary grade, Family (biology), Filter feeder, Flame cell, Flatworm, Fossil, Frankfurt, Ganglion, Gastrotrich, Gelatin, Genus, Gill, Gland, Gonad, Gonochorism, Gran Canaria, Hawaii (island), Hemoglobin, Hermaphrodite, Heteronemertea, Holdfast, Horseshoe crab, Host (biology), Hydrobiologia, Hypoxia (medical), Illinois, Imaginal disc, Indo-Pacific, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Internal fertilization, Invertebrate, Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Journal of Natural History, Journal of Paleontology, Juvenile (organism), Larva, Lava, Libbie Hyman, Lineus longissimus, Lion's mane jellyfish, Lophophore, Lophotrochozoa, Madeira, Malacobdellidae, Mantle (mollusc), Marine larval ecology, Massachusetts, Max Schultze, Mazon Creek fossil beds, Mesenchyme, Metabolism, Metamorphosis, Microvillus, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Mollusca, Monophyly, Monostilifera, Mucus, Myriapoda, Myzostomida, Nematode, Nemertodermatida, Nephridiopore, Nephridium, Nereus, Nitrogen, Nymph, Olaus Magnus, Order (biology), Osmoregulation, Ovary, Oviparity, Oxygen, Pacific Science, Palaeonemertea, Paraphyly, Parasitism, Parborlasia corrugatus, Pelagic zone, Pennsylvanian (geology), Peristalsis, Pharynx, Phoronid, Phylum, Planula, Platyzoa, Polycladida, Priapulida, Proboscis, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Protostome, Respiration (physiology), Rhabdite, RNA, Romania, Rotifer, San Francisco, São Miguel Island, Scavenger, Sediment, Sequential hermaphroditism, Sessility (motility), Sexual reproduction, Seychelles, Siboglinidae, Simple eye in invertebrates, Sipuncula, Skeleton, Sperm, Spiralia, Springer Science+Business Media, St Andrews, Statocyst, Stylet (anatomy), Synapomorphy and apomorphy, Taxon, Taxonomy (biology), Testicle, The International Journal of Developmental Biology, Tricladida, Tristan da Cunha, Trochophore, Unicellular organism, University of California, Berkeley, Ventral nerve cord, Viviparity, William Borlase, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Zoomorphology, Zygote. Expand index (159 more) »
Acoela
The Acoela or acoels are a class of small and simple invertebrates in the phylum Xenacoelomorpha which resemble flatworms.
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Acoelomorpha
Acoelomorpha is a subphylum of very simple and small soft-bodied animals with planula-like features which live in marine or brackish waters.
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Algae
Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
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Amiskwia
Amiskwia is a genus of large, soft-bodied animals of unknown affinity known from fossils of the Middle Cambrian Lagerstätten both in the Burgess shale formation in British Columbia and the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan Province, China.
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Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Annelid
The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, "little ring"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.
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Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews.
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Anopla
Anopla are a class of marine worms of the phylum Nemertea, characterized by the absence of stylets on the proboscis, the mouth being below or behind the brain, and by having separate openings for the mouth and proboscis.
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Anus
The anus (from Latin anus meaning "ring", "circle") is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth.
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Archenteron
The primary gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing zygote is known as the archenteron or the digestive tube.
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Archives of Natural History
The Archives of Natural History (formerly the Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History) is a peer-reviewed academic journal and the official journal of the Society for the History of Natural History.
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Argentinosaurus
Argentinosaurus (meaning "Argentine lizard") is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered by Guillermo Heredia in Argentina.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Australasia
Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean and, sometimes, the island of New Guinea (which is usually considered to be part of Melanesia).
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Azores
The Azores (or; Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.
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Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
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Basement membrane
The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the lining of an internal or external body surface from underlying connective tissue in metazoans.
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Bathyal zone
The bathyal zone or bathypelagic – from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep – (also known as midnight zone) is the part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface.
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Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
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Bilateria
The Bilateria or bilaterians, or triploblasts, are animals with bilateral symmetry, i.e., they have a head (anterior) and a tail (posterior) as well as a back (dorsal) and a belly (ventral); therefore they also have a left side and a right side.
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Bivalvia
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.
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Blue whale
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the baleen whale parvorder, Mysticeti.
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BMC Evolutionary Biology
BMC Evolutionary Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all fields of evolutionary biology, including phylogenetics and palaeontology.
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BMC Genomics
BMC Genomics is an open-access scientific journal covering all areas of genomics and proteomics.
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Brachiopod
Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of aquatic invertebrate animals.
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Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada.
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Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion.
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Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
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Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.
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Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Cellophane
Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
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Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which transduces (responds to) a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) and generates a biological signal.
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Chordate
A chordate is an animal belonging to the phylum Chordata; chordates possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail, for at least some period of their life cycle.
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Cilium
A cilium (the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Circumesophageal nerve ring
A circumesophageal or circumpharyngeal nerve ring is an arrangement of nerve ganglia around the esophagus/ pharynx of an animal.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Cladistics
Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.
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Clam
Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.
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Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
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Cleavage (embryo)
In embryology, cleavage is the division of cells in the early embryo.
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Coelom
The coelom is the main body cavity in most animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
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Commensalism
Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.
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Connective tissue
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
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Crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.
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Ctenophora
Ctenophora (singular ctenophore, or; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'to carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine waters worldwide.
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Cuticle
A cuticle, or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection.
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Deerstalker
A deerstalker is a type of cap that is typically worn in rural areas, often for hunting, especially deer stalking.
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Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
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Deuterostome
Deuterostomes (taxonomic term: Deuterostomia; meaning "second mouth" in Greek) are any members of a superphylum of animals.
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Dicyemida
Dicyemida, also known as Rhombozoa, is a phylum of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.
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Diplodocus
Diplodocus is an extinct genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Doris (mythology)
Doris (Δωρίς "bounty"), an Oceanid, was a sea nymph in Greek mythology, whose name represented the bounty of the sea.
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Dungeness crab
The Dungeness crab, Metacarcinus magister (the naming convention recognized by WoRMS) or Cancer magister (the naming convention recognized by ITIS), is a species of crab that inhabits eelgrass beds and water bottoms on the west coast of North America.
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Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa.
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Ecdysozoa
Ecdysozoa is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata, crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla.
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Echinoderm
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals.
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Echiura
The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a small group of marine animals.
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Egg cell
The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Emplectonema neesii
Emplectonema neesii is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea.
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Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
eLS (previously known as the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences) is a reference work that spans the entire spectrum of life sciences and is published by Wiley-Blackwell.
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Enopla
Not to be confused with Enoplea, a clade of nematodes or roundworms. Enopla is one of the classes of the worm phylum Nemertea, characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.
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Entoprocta
Entoprocta, whose name means "anus inside", is a phylum of mostly sessile aquatic animals, ranging from long.
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Epidermis (zoology)
In zoology, the epidermis is an epithelium (sheet of cells) that covers the body of an eumetazoan (animal more complex than a sponge).
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Evolutionary grade
In alpha taxonomy, a grade is a taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Filter feeder
Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure.
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Flame cell
A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms (except the turbellarian order Acoela), rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system.
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Flatworm
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Ganglion
A ganglion is a nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system and sensory system.
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Gastrotrich
The gastrotrichs (phylum Gastrotricha), commonly referred to as hairybacks, are a group of microscopic (0.06-3.0 mm), worm-like, pseudocoelomate animals, and are widely distributed and abundant in freshwater and marine environments.
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Gelatin
Gelatin or gelatine (from gelatus meaning "stiff", "frozen") is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless food derived from collagen obtained from various animal body parts.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.
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Gland
A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
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Gonad
A gonad or sex gland or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an organism.
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Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism (Greek offspring + disperse) or unisexualism or gonochory describes the state of having just one of at least two distinct sexes in any one individual organism.
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Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (whose original name Canaria was due to the Canarii inhabitants, was later given the epithet of "great". It is the third island in size of the Canary Islands, an African archipelago which is part of Spain, with a population of (in 2015) that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Located in the Atlantic Ocean about off the northwestern coast of Africa and about from Europe. With an area of km2 (sq. mi) and an altitude of at the Pico de las Nieves, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria was populated by the Canarii, who may have arrived as early as 500 BC. The Canarii called the island Tamarán or Land of the Brave. After over a century of European incursions and attempts at conquest, the island was conquered on April 29, 1483, after a campaign that lasted five years, by the Crown of Castile, with the support of Queen Isabella I, a conquest which turned out to be an important step towards the expansion of the unified Spain. The capital city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria was founded on June 24, 1478, under the name "Real de Las Palmas", by Juan Rejón, head of the invading Castilian army. In 1492, Christopher Columbus anchored in the Port of Las Palmas (and spent some time on the island) on his first trip to the Americas. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is, jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital of the autonomous community of the Canary Islands.
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Hawaii (island)
Hawaiʻi is the largest island located in the U.S. state of Hawaii.
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.
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Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes.
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Heteronemertea
Heteronemertea is a monophyletic order of about 500 species of nemertean worm.
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Holdfast
A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate.
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Horseshoe crab
Horseshoe crabs are marine and brackish water arthropods of the family Limulidae, suborder Xiphosurida, and order Xiphosura.
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Host (biology)
In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.
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Hydrobiologia
Hydrobiologia: The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences is a scientific journal specialising in hydrobiology, including limnology and oceanography, systematics of aquatic organisms and aquatic ecology.
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
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Illinois
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
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Imaginal disc
An imaginal disc is one of the parts of a holometabolous insect larva that will become a portion of the outside of the adult insect during the pupal transformation.
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Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific, is a biogeographic region of Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia.
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Integrative and Comparative Biology
Integrative and Comparative Biology is the scientific journal for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society of Zoologists).
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Internal fertilization
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Johan Ernst Gunnerus
Johan Ernst Gunnerus (26 February 1718 – 23 September 1773) was a Norwegian bishop and botanist.
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Journal of Natural History
The Journal of Natural History is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology.
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Journal of Paleontology
The Journal of Paleontology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of paleontology.
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Juvenile (organism)
A juvenile is an individual organism that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity or size.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Lava
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.
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Libbie Hyman
Libbie Henrietta Hyman (December 6, 1888 – August 3, 1969), was a U.S. zoologist.
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Lineus longissimus
The bootlace worm (Lineus longissimus) is one of the longest known animals, with specimens up to long being reported.
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Lion's mane jellyfish
The lion's mane jellyfish, also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish.
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Lophophore
The lophophore is a characteristic feeding organ possessed by four major groups of animals: the Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Hyolitha, and Phoronida, which collectively constitute the protostome group Lophophorata.
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Lophotrochozoa
Lophotrochozoa ("crest/wheel animals") is a clade of protostome animals within the Spiralia.
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Madeira
Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal.
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Malacobdellidae
Malacobdellidae is a monogeneric family within the phylum Nemertea.
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Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.
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Marine larval ecology
Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing the dispersing larval stage which is exhibited by many marine invertebrates and fishes.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Max Schultze
Schultze was born in Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden).
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Mazon Creek fossil beds
The Mazon Creek fossil beds are a conservation lagerstätte found near Morris, in Grundy County, Illinois.
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Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme, in vertebrate embryology, is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the development of the embryo.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
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Microvillus
Microvilli (singular: microvillus) are microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area for diffusion and minimize any increase in volume, and are involved in a wide variety of functions, including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction.
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Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular Biology and Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
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Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominately in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.
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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics.
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Monostilifera
Monostilifera is a suborder of nemertean worms belonging to the class Enopla, a class of worms characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in their proboscis.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Myriapoda
Myriapoda is a subphylum of arthropods containing millipedes, centipedes, and others.
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Myzostomida
The Myzostomida are an order of small marine polychaete worms, which are parasitic on crinoids.
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Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
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Nemertodermatida
Nemertodermatida is a class of Acoela, comprising about ten species of millimetre-sized 'tubellariform', mostly interstitial worms.
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Nephridiopore
A nephridiopore is part of the nephridium, an excretory organ found in many organisms, such as flatworms and annelids.
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Nephridium
The nephridium (plural nephridia) is an invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney.
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Nereus
In Greek mythology, Nereus (Νηρεύς) was the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), who with Doris fathered the Nereids and Nerites, with whom Nereus lived in the Aegean Sea.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nymph
A nymph (νύμφη, nýmphē) in Greek and Latin mythology is a minor female nature deity typically associated with a particular location or landform.
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Olaus Magnus
Olaus Magnus (October 1490 – 1 August 1557) was a Swedish writer and Catholic ecclesiastic.
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Order (biology)
In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.
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Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
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Ovary
The ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum.
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Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Pacific Science
Pacific Science is an international, multidisciplinary, academic journal devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific basin, focusing especially on biogeography, ecology, evolution, geology and volcanology, oceanography, palaeontology, and systematics.
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Palaeonemertea
Palaeonemertea is an order of primitive nemertean worm.
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Paraphyly
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Parborlasia corrugatus
Parborlasia corrugatus is a proboscis worm in the family Cerebratulidae.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Pennsylvanian (geology)
The Pennsylvanian (also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the younger of two subperiods (or upper of two subsystems) of the Carboniferous Period.
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction.
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Pharynx
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and the larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.
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Phoronid
Phoronids (scientific name Phoronida, sometimes called horseshoe worms) are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore (a "crown" of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies.
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Phylum
In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class.
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Planula
A planula is the free-swimming, flattened, ciliated, bilaterally symmetric larval form of various cnidarian species.
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Platyzoa
The paraphyletic "Platyzoa" are a group of protostome unsegmented animals proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998.
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Polycladida
The Polycladida represents a highly diverse clade of free-living marine flatworms.
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Priapulida
Priapulida (priapulid worms, from Gr. πριάπος, priāpos 'Priapus' + Lat. -ul-, diminutive), sometimes referred to as penis worms, is a phylum of unsegmented marine worms.
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Proboscis
A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.
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Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.
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Protostome
Protostomia (from Greek πρωτο- proto- "first" and στόμα stoma "mouth") is a clade of animals.
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Respiration (physiology)
In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
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Rhabdite
Rhabdites (from Greek, rhabdos, rod) are rodlike structures in the cells of the epidermis or underlying parenchyma in certain turbellarians, and in the epidermis of nemerteans.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Rotifer
The rotifers (Rotifera, commonly called wheel animals) make up a phylum of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.
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São Miguel Island
São Miguel Island (named for the Archangel Michael or, literally, Portuguese for Saint Michael), is also referred to locally as "The Green Island", is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.
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Scavenger
Scavenging is both a carnivorous and a herbivorous feeding behavior in which the scavenger feeds on dead animal and plant material present in its habitat.
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Sequential hermaphroditism
Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants.
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Sessility (motility)
In biology, sessility (in the sense of positional movement or motility) refers to organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Seychelles
Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.
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Siboglinidae
Siboglinidae, also known as the beard worms, is a family of polychaete annelid worms whose members made up the former phyla Pogonophora (the giant tube worms) and Vestimentifera.
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Simple eye in invertebrates
A simple eye (sometimes called a pigment pit) refers to a type of eye form or optical arrangement that contains a single lens.
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Sipuncula
The Sipuncula or Sipunculida (common names sipunculid worms or peanut worms) is a group containing 144–320 species (estimates vary) of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms.
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Skeleton
The skeleton is the body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Spiralia
The Spiralia are a morphologically diverse clade of protostome animals, including within their number the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and other taxa.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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St Andrews
St Andrews (S.; Saunt Aundraes; Cill Rìmhinn) is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Dundee and 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Edinburgh.
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Statocyst
The statocyst is a balance sensory receptor present in some aquatic invertebrates, including molluscs, bivalves, cnidarians, ctenophorans, echinoderms, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
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Stylet (anatomy)
A stylet is a hard, sharp, anatomical structure found in some invertebrates.
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Synapomorphy and apomorphy
In phylogenetics, apomorphy and synapomorphy refer to derived characters of a clade – characters or traits that are derived from ancestral characters over evolutionary history.
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Taxon
In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from taxonomy) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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The International Journal of Developmental Biology
The International Journal of Developmental Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in developmental biology.
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Tricladida
Tricladida (triclads) is an order of free-living flatworms.
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Tristan da Cunha
Tristan da Cunha, colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group.
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Trochophore
A trochophore (also spelled trocophore) is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia.
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Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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Ventral nerve cord
The ventral nerve cord (VNC) makes up a part of the central nervous system of some phyla of the bilaterians, particularly within the nematodes, annelids and the arthropods.
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Viviparity
Among animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the parent, eventually leading to live birth, as opposed to reproduction by laying eggs that complete their incubation outside the parental body.
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William Borlase
William Borlase (2 February 1696 – 31 August 1772), Cornish antiquary, geologist and naturalist.
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Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Woods Hole is a census-designated place in the town of Falmouth in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Zoomorphology
Zoomorphology is a quarterly academic journal published by Springer-Verlag Germany of Berlin, Germany.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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Redirects here:
Nemertean, Nemertean worm, Nemertina, Nemertine, Nemertine worm, Nemertinea, Nemertines, Nemertini, Proboscis worm, Rhynchocoela, Ribbon Worm, Ribbon worm, Ribbon worms.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemertea
