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66 relations: Acetylcysteine, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Antioxidant, Apoptosis, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Caffeine, Calcium, Caspase, Central nervous system, Central nervous system disease, Ciliary neurotrophic factor, Crocin, Cyclooxygenase, Cytochrome P450, Docosahexaenoic acid, Docosanoid, Eicosanoid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Erythropoietin, Erythropoietin in neuroprotection, Estradiol, Excitotoxicity, Fish oil, Ginsenoside, Glutamate receptor, Glutamic acid, Growth factor, Hypoxia (medical), Inflammation, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Lipoxygenase, Lithium (medication), Memantine, Methamphetamine, Minocycline, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid, Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, Neuron, Neuroregeneration, Nicotine, Nicotine patch, NMDA receptor, Omega-3 fatty acid, Oxidative stress, Parkinson's disease, Progesterone, Protectin D1, Protein aggregation, ..., Pyrroloquinoline quinone, Reactive oxygen species, Resolvin, Resveratrol, Saffron, Selegiline, Simvastatin, Spinal cord injury, Stroke, Targeted temperature management, Tetrahydrocannabinol, Traumatic brain injury, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Vinpocetine, Vitamin E, 17α-Estradiol. Expand index (16 more) »
Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND), and Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.
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Antioxidant
Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as BDNF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene.
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Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Caspase
Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death (including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis) and inflammation.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Central nervous system disease
Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS).
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNTF gene.
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Crocin
Crocin is a carotenoid chemical compound that is found in the flowers crocus and gardenia.
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Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina.
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Docosanoid
In biochemistry, docosanoids are signaling molecules made by the metabolism of twenty-two-carbon fatty acids (EFAs), especially the omega-3 fatty acid, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (i.e. 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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Eicosanoid
Eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; also icosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid.
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
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Erythropoietin in neuroprotection
Erythropoietin in neuroprotection is the use of the glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo) for neuroprotection.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Excitotoxicity
Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged or killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.
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Fish oil
Fish oil is oil derived from the tissues of oily fish.
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Ginsenoside
Ginsenosides or panaxosides are a class of natural product steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins.
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Glutamate receptor
Glutamate receptors are synaptic and non synaptic receptors located primarily on the membranes of neuronal and glial cells.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Insulin-like growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.
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Lipoxygenase
Lipoxygenases are a family of (non-heme), iron-containing enzymes most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate the function of nearby cells, and endocrine signals that regulate the function of distant cells.
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Lithium (medication)
Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are primarily used as a psychiatric medication.
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Memantine
Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptors. It was first synthesized by Eli Lilly and Company in 1968 as a potential agent to treat diabetes; the NMDA activity was discovered in the 1980s.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Minocycline
Minocycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, and has a broader spectrum than the other members of the group.
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N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid
N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is inflammation of the nervous tissue.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neuroregeneration
Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products.
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Nicotine
Nicotine is a potent parasympathomimetic stimulant and an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants.
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Nicotine patch
A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin.
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NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells.
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Omega-3 fatty acid
Omega−3 fatty acids, also called ω−3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Protectin D1
Protectin D1 also known as neuroprotectin D1 (when it acts in the nervous system) and abbreviated most commonly as PD1 or NPD1 is a member of the class of specialized proresolving mediators.
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Protein aggregation
Protein aggregation is a biological phenomenon in which mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly.
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Pyrroloquinoline quinone
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is redox cofactor.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Resolvin
Resolvins are metabolic byproducts of omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and clupanodonic acid.
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Resveratrol
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.
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Saffron
Saffron (pronounced or) is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus".
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Selegiline
Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl, is a substituted phenethylamine.
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Simvastatin
Simvastatin, marketed under the trade name Zocor among others, is a lipid-lowering medication.
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Spinal cord injury
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Targeted temperature management
Targeted temperature management (TTM) previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped blood flow to the brain.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of at least 113 cannabinoids identified in cannabis.
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Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
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Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine (brand names: Cavinton, Intelectol; chemical name: ethyl apovincaminate) is a synthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vincamine (sometimes described as "a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine"), an extract from the lesser periwinkle plant.
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
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17α-Estradiol
17α-Estradiol (17α-E2), or 17-epiestradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol, is a minor and weak endogenous steroidal estrogen that is related to 17β-estradiol (better known simply as estradiol).
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Neuroprotectant, Neuroprotective, Neuroprotective agent, Neuroprotective drug.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprotection
