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32 relations: Amino acid, Bacillus cereus, Bacteria, Bacteriocin, Beaminster, Biosynthesis, Cheese, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile (bacteria), Cysteine, Dehydroalanine, E number, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Food additive, Glucose, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillales, Lactococcus lactis, Lanthionine, Lantibiotics, Listeria monocytogenes, Miconazole, Peptide, Post-translational modification, Preservative, Ribosome, Serine, Staphylococcus aureus, Thioether, Threonine, Total synthesis.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, motile, beta hemolytic bacterium commonly found in soil and food.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacteriocin
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous or peptidic toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s).
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Beaminster
Beaminster is a small town and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated in the West Dorset administrative district approximately northwest of the county town Dorchester.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Cheese
Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.
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Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce the neurotoxin botulinum.
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Clostridium difficile (bacteria)
Clostridium difficile (etymology and pronunciation), also known as C. difficile, C. diff, or sometimes CDF/cdf, is a species of Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium.
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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Dehydroalanine
Dehydroalanine (Cα,β-didehydroalanine, (alpha)-(beta)-di-dehydroalanine, or 2,3-didehydroalanine) is a dehydroamino acid.
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E number
E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union and EFTA.
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by several other names, is a chemical originating in multiseasonal plants with dormancy stages as a lipidopreservative which helps to develop the stem, currently used for both industrial and medical purposes.
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Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
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Lactobacillales
Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.
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Lactococcus lactis
Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.
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Lanthionine
Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH).
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Lantibiotics
Lantibiotics are a class of polycyclic peptide antibiotics that contain the characteristic thioether amino acids lanthionine or methyllanthionine, as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine, and 2-aminoisobutyric acid.
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Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.
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Miconazole
Miconazole, sold under the brand name Monistat among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat ring worm, pityriasis versicolor, and yeast infections of the skin or vagina.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Post-translational modification
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
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Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a member of the normal flora of the body, frequently found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin.
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Thioether
A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right.
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Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Total synthesis
Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially available precursors.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisin
