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Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

Index Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to monoclonal antibodies. [1]

107 relations: Abciximab, Adalimumab, Alacizumab pegol, Allergy, Angiogenesis, Antibody, Antibody mimetic, Asthma, B cell, Bacteria, Basiliximab, Benralizumab, Bone, Breast cancer, César Milstein, Chelation, Chemotherapy, Circulatory system, Clearance (pharmacology), Clone (cell biology), Colorectal cancer, Complementarity-determining region, Cytotoxicity, Diagnosis, Diphtheria toxin, Emil von Behring, Fragment antigen-binding, Fragment crystallizable region, Fungus, Fusion protein, Garland Science, Georges J. F. Köhler, German language, Glembatumumab vedotin, Golimumab, Growth factor, Hamster, House mouse, Human, Human musculoskeletal system, Humanized antibody, Hybridoma technology, Immune system, Immunogenicity, Indium (111In) capromab pendetide, Indium-111, Infix, Interleukin, International nonproprietary name, Kitasato Shibasaburō, ..., Lesion, List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, Lumiliximab, Lymphocyte, Macaque, Mammary tumor, Melanoma, Monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibody therapy, Monomethyl auristatin E, Morpheme, Mouse, Muromonab-CD3, Neoplasm, Nervous system, Niels Kaj Jerne, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Olaratumab, Organ system, Ovarian tumor, Pathogen, Paul Ehrlich, PEGylation, Pendetide, Pentetic acid, Platelet, Polyclonal antibodies, Polyethylene glycol, Preventive healthcare, Primate, Prostate cancer, Protein, Protein domain, Protein engineering, Protein primary structure, Radionuclide, Rat, Rozrolimupab, Single-chain variable fragment, Targeted drug delivery, Technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan, Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab, Technetium-99m, Testicular cancer, Tetanospasmin, Therapy, TNF inhibitor, Toxin, Trastuzumab, Trifunctional antibody, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, United States Adopted Name, Vertebrate, Veterinary medicine, Virus, Word stem, World Health Organization. Expand index (57 more) »

Abciximab

Abciximab (previously known as c7E3 Fab), a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist manufactured by Janssen Biologics BV and distributed by Eli Lilly under the trade name ReoPro, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mainly used during and after coronary artery procedures like angioplasty to prevent platelets from sticking together and causing thrombus (blood clot) formation within the coronary artery.

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Adalimumab

Adalimumab, sold under the trade name Humira among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

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Alacizumab pegol

Alacizumab pegol is an antineoplastic agent.

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Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.

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Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antibody mimetic

Antibody mimetics are organic compounds that, like antibodies, can specifically bind antigens, but that are not structurally related to antibodies.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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B cell

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Basiliximab

Basiliximab (trade name Simulect) is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells.

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Benralizumab

Benralizumab (INN, trade name Fasenra) is a monoclonal antibody which developed by MedImmune for the treatment of asthma.

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Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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César Milstein

César Milstein, CH, FRS (8 October 1927 – 24 March 2002) was an Argentinian biochemist in the field of antibody research.

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Chelation

Chelation is a type of bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Clearance (pharmacology)

In pharmacology, the clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time; the usual units are mL/min.

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Clone (cell biology)

A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell.

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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

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Complementarity-determining region

Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are part of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively, where these molecules bind to their specific antigen.

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Cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.

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Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Emil von Behring

Emil von Behring (Emil Adolf von Behring), born as Emil Adolf Behring (15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917), was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one awarded, for his discovery of a diphtheria antitoxin.

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Fragment antigen-binding

The antigen-binding (Fab) fragment is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens.

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Fragment crystallizable region

The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Fusion protein

Fusion proteins or chimeric (\kī-ˈmir-ik) proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.

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Garland Science

Garland Science is a publishing group that specializes in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics.

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Georges J. F. Köhler

Georges Jean Franz Köhler (April 17, 1946 in Munich – March 1, 1995 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German biologist.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Glembatumumab vedotin

Glembatumumab vedotin (also known as CDX-011 and CR011-vcMMAE) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets cancer cells expressing transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB).

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Golimumab

Golimumab (CNTO 148) is a human monoclonal antibody which is used as an immunosuppressive drug and marketed under the brand name Simponi.

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Growth factor

A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.

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Hamster

Hamsters are rodents (order Rodentia) belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, which contains about 25 species classified in six or seven genera.

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House mouse

The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, and a long naked or almost hairless tail.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human musculoskeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.

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Humanized antibody

Humanized antibodies are antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans.

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Hybridoma technology

Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies (also called monoclonal antibodies).

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Immune system

The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.

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Immunogenicity

Immunogenicity is the ability of a particular substance, such as an antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human and other animal.

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Indium (111In) capromab pendetide

Indium (111In) capromab pendetide (trade name Prostascint) is used to image the extent of prostate cancer.

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Indium-111

Indium-111 is an isotope of indium with a radioactive half-life of 2.80 days, making it useful as a radioactive tracer.

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Infix

An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word).

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Interleukin

Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes).

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International nonproprietary name

The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and non-proprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.

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Kitasato Shibasaburō

Baron was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist during the reign of the Empire of Japan, prior to World War 2.

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Lesion

A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.

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List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

This is a list of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies, antibodies that are clones of a single parent cell.

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Lumiliximab

Lumiliximab is an IgG1k monoclonal antibody that targets CD23.

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Lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.

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Macaque

The macaques (or pronunciation by Oxford Dictionaries) constitute a genus (Macaca) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.

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Mammary tumor

A mammary tumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland.

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Melanoma

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.

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Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.

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Monoclonal antibody therapy

Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to bind monospecifically to certain cells or proteins.

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Monomethyl auristatin E

Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is a synthetic antineoplastic agent.

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Morpheme

A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.

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Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

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Muromonab-CD3

Muromonab-CD3 (trade name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant drug given to reduce acute rejection in patients with organ transplants.

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Neoplasm

Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

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Nervous system

The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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Niels Kaj Jerne

Niels Kaj Jerne, FRS (23 December 1911 – 7 October 1994) was a Danish immunologist.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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Olaratumab

Olaratumab (trade name Lartruvo) is a monoclonal antibody developed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of solid tumors.

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Organ system

In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.

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Ovarian tumor

Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors arising from the ovary.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German Jewish physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy.

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PEGylation

PEGylation (often styled pegylation) is the process of both covalent and non-covalent attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycol (PEG, in pharmacy called macrogol) polymer chains to molecules and macrostructures, such as a drug, therapeutic protein or vesicle, which is then described as PEGylated (pegylated).

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Pendetide

Pendetide (GYK-DTPA) is a chelating agent.

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Pentetic acid

Pentetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl groups.

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Platelet

Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

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Polyclonal antibodies

Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are antibodies that are secreted by different B cell lineages within the body (whereas monoclonal antibodies come from a single cell lineage).

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Polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

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Preventive healthcare

Preventive healthcare (alternately preventive medicine, preventative healthcare/medicine, or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment.

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Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein domain

A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain.

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Protein engineering

Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins.

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Protein primary structure

Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.

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Radionuclide

A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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Rozrolimupab

Rozrolimupab is a recombinant antibody mixture, specifically containing 25 Rhesus D, or RhD, human antibodies, and is currently under development by Symphogen for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

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Single-chain variable fragment

A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is not actually a fragment of an antibody, but instead is a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of immunoglobulins, connected with a short linker peptide of ten to about 25 amino acids.

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Targeted drug delivery

Targeted drug delivery, sometimes called smart drug delivery, is a method of delivering medication to a patient in a manner that increases the concentration of the medication in some parts of the body relative to others.

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Technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan

Technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan (trade name Verluma) is a mouse monoclonal antibody derivative used in the diagnosis of lung cancer, gastrointestinal, breast, ovary, pancreas, kidney, cervix, and bladder carcinoma.

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Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab

Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab (INN) is a mouse monoclonal antibody for the imaging of adenocarcinoma.

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Technetium-99m

Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope.

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Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.

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Tetanospasmin

Tetanus toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus.

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Therapy

Therapy (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis.

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TNF inhibitor

A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response.

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Toxin

A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.

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Trastuzumab

Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer.

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Trifunctional antibody

A trifunctional antibody is a monoclonal antibody with binding sites for two different antigens, typically CD3 and a tumor antigen, making it a type of bispecific monoclonal antibody.

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.

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United States Adopted Name

United States Adopted Names are unique nonproprietary names assigned to pharmaceuticals marketed in the United States.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals.

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Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

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Word stem

In linguistics, a stem is a part of a word.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Redirects here:

-amab, -axomab, -emab, -imab, -omab, -umab, -ximab, -xizumab, -zumab, Antibody nomenclature, Monoclonal antibody nomenclature.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_of_monoclonal_antibodies

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