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North American Free Trade Agreement

Index North American Free Trade Agreement

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. [1]

241 relations: AFL–CIO, Agreement on Internal Trade, Agricultural policy of the United States, Agriculture, Alice Desjardins, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Apotex, Appeal, Arlin M. Adams, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Automation, Balance of trade, Base metal, Bernie Sanders, Bill Clinton, Bombardier Aerospace, Brian Mulroney, California, Canada, Canada's Global Markets Action Plan, Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement, Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute, Canadian federal election, 1988, Canadian federal election, 1993, CANAMEX Corridor, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Charles Byron Renfrew, Ciudad Juárez, Commercial policy, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, Congressional Research Service, Constance Hunt, Constitution, Copyright, Copyright law of the United States, Corporation, Council on Foreign Relations, Countervailing duties, Currency intervention, Dani Rodrik, Daniel Trefler, Daniel W. Drezner, Demand, Developing country, Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement, Donald Trump, Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016, Due process, Dumping (pricing policy), ..., Duty, Economic Community of West African States, Economic growth, Economic inequality, Economic Policy Institute, Economy of the United States, Eli Lilly, Emiliano Zapata, Employment, Employment-to-population ratio, Energy industry, English language, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental issue, Environmental law, Environmental protection, Ethyl Corporation, European Economic Area, European Free Trade Association, European Union, Export, Expropriation, Federal tribunals in the United States, Finance, Food and Drug Administration, Foreign direct investment, Form I-94, Fossil fuel, Free trade, Free-trade area, French language, Generic drug, Genetically modified organism, George C. Pratt, George H. W. Bush, Giant sucking sound, Globalization, Good, Gordon Hanson, Government budget balance, Gross domestic product, Grove Press, Guadalcázar, San Luis Potosí, Hazardous waste, Health Canada, Historica Canada, Holding company, House of Representatives, Human migration, Hydraulic fracturing, Hypothesis, Import, Income trust, Infrastructure, Initial public offering, Insurance, Intellectual property, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, International law, International Organization for Migration, Investment, Investor-state dispute settlement, J. Bradford DeLong, Jean Chrétien, Joe Craft, John Ibbitson, John Maxwell Evans, John Richard, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Journal of International Economics, Kansas, Kelly Knight Craft, Kim Campbell, Latin American debt crisis, León, Guanajuato, Liberal Party of Canada, Liberalization, List of Latin phrases (E), List of Latin phrases (I), Maize, Majority government, Manufacturing, Maquiladora, Marc Melitz, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Meat industry, Metalclad, Methanex, Methanol, Methyl tert-butyl ether, Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, Metropolitan area, Mexico, Michigan, Middle class, Mining, Multinational corporation, New Democratic Party, New York Stock Exchange, Noam Chomsky, North America, North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation, North American Leaders' Summit, North American Transportation Statistics Interchange, North–South divide, Office of the United States Trade Representative, Oil sands, Op-ed, Optical fiber, Outsourcing, Pacific Alliance, Pat Roberts, Patent, Permanent normal trade relations, Pesticide, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Petroleum, Political science, Pollution, Poverty, President of the United States, Price, Privatization, Product (business), Production (economics), Productivity, Profit (economics), Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Public domain, Public use, Puebla City, Race to the bottom, Ratification, Recession, Regulation, Reynosa, Right to property, Ronald Reagan, Saint Lawrence Seaway, San Luis Potosí, Sandra Day O'Connor, Settlement (litigation), Sierra Club, Softwood, Spanish language, State-owned enterprise, Subsidy, Susan Christine O'Meara Getzendanner, Tariff, Tax law, Tax rate, Texas, The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Council of Canadians, The Fight for Canada, The Globe and Mail, Tijuana, TN status, Toluca, Toronto, Trade, Trade Act of 1974, Trade agreement, Trade barrier, Trade bloc, Trade-off, Trans-Pacific Partnership, Tufts University, Unintended consequences, United States, United States Chamber of Commerce, United States Congress, United States Court of International Trade, United States Department of Homeland Security, United States dollar, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States House Committee on Ways and Means, United States presidential election, 2016, United States Senate, University of California, University of Toronto, Uruguay Round Agreements Act, US Public Opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement, Vicente Fox, Volume (finance), Wilbur Ross, World Bank, World Integrated Trade Solution, World Trade Organization, Zapatista Army of National Liberation, 60 Minutes. Expand index (191 more) »

AFL–CIO

The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States.

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Agreement on Internal Trade

The Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) entered into force on July 1, 1995, and includes government departments, agencies, commissions and Crown corporations of the 10 Canadian provinces, the three territories and the federal government.

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Agricultural policy of the United States

The agricultural policy of the United States is composed primarily of the periodically renewed federal U.S. farm bills.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Alice Desjardins

Alice Desjardins is a former judge of the Canadian Federal Court of Appeal, having served from June 29, 1987, to August 11, 2009.

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American Journal of Agricultural Economics

The American Journal of Agricultural Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of agricultural, natural resource, and environmental economics, as well as rural and community development.

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Apotex

Apotex Inc. is a Canadian pharmaceutical corporation.

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Appeal

In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed, where parties request a formal change to an official decision.

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Arlin M. Adams

Arlin Marvin Adams (April 16, 1921 – December 22, 2015) was a United States Circuit Judge formerly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration amongst its members, other Asian countries, and globally.

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Automation

Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance.

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Balance of trade

The balance of trade, commercial balance, or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain period.

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Base metal

A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver.

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Bernie Sanders

Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Bombardier Aerospace

Bombardier Aerospace (Bombardier Aéronautique) is a division of Bombardier Inc. It is headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Canada.

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Brian Mulroney

Martin Brian Mulroney (born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canada's Global Markets Action Plan

The Global Markets Action Plan (GMAP) is Prime Minister Stephen Harper's government strategy to generate employment opportunities for Canadians by expanding Canadian businesses and investment in other countries in a highly competitive global environment.

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Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement

The Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA; French: Accord de libre-échange, ALE) is a trade agreement reached by negotiators for Canada and the United States on October 4, 1987 and signed by the leaders of both countries on January 2, 1988.

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Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute

The Canada–U.S. softwood lumber dispute is one of the largest and most enduring trade disputes between both nations.

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Canadian federal election, 1988

The Canadian federal election of 1988 was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 34th Parliament of Canada.

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Canadian federal election, 1993

The Canadian federal election of 1993 (officially, the 35th general election) was held on Monday October 25 of that year to elect members to the House of Commons of Canada of the 35th Parliament of Canada.

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CANAMEX Corridor

The CANAMEX corridor is a series of improvements to freeways and other transportation infrastructure linking Canada to Mexico through the United States.

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Carlos Salinas de Gortari

Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 3 April 1948) is a Mexican economist and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994.

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Charles Byron Renfrew

Charles Byron Renfrew (October 31, 1928 – December 14, 2017) was a United States federal judge, and in 2013 was listed as a NAFTA adjudicator.

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Ciudad Juárez

Ciudad Juárez (Juarez City) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua.

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Commercial policy

A commercial policy (also referred to as a trade policy or international trade policy) is a governmental policy governing economic transactions across international borders.

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Commission for Environmental Cooperation

The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC; Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental; Commission de coopération environnementale) was established by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to implement the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement.

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Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a free-trade agreement between Canada, the European Union and its member states.

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Congressional Research Service

The Congressional Research Service (CRS), known as Congress's think tank, is a public policy research arm of the United States Congress.

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Constance Hunt

Constance Darlene Hunt (born 11 January 1950) is a Canadian lawyer, legal academic, and judge.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Copyright

Copyright is a legal right, existing globally in many countries, that basically grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine and decide whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others.

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Copyright law of the United States

The copyright law of the United States is intended to encourage the creation of art and culture by rewarding authors and artists with a set of exclusive rights.

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Countervailing duties

Countervailing duties (CVDs), also known as anti-subsidy duties, are trade import duties imposed under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules to neutralize the negative effects of subsidies.

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Currency intervention

Currency intervention, also known as foreign exchange market intervention or currency manipulation is a monetary policy operation.

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Dani Rodrik

Dani Rodrik (born August 14, 1957) is a Turkish economist and Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

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Daniel Trefler

Daniel Trefler (born 1959) is a Canadian economist who is currently the J. Douglas and Ruth Grant Chair in Competitiveness and Prosperity at the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto.

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Daniel W. Drezner

Daniel W. Drezner (born August 28, 1968) is an American professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, an author, a blogger, and a commentator.

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Demand

In economics, demand is the quantities of a commodity or a service that people are willing and able to buy at various prices, over a given period of time.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement

The Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) is a free trade agreement (legally a treaty under international law, but not under U.S. law).

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.

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Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016

The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.

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Due process

Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

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Dumping (pricing policy)

Dumping, in economics, is a kind of injuring pricing, especially in the context of international trade.

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Duty

A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; deu, did, past participle of devoir; debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise.

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Economic Community of West African States

The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa.

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Economic growth

Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Economic Policy Institute

The Economic Policy Institute is a 501(c)(3) non-profit American think tank based in Washington, D.C. that carries out economic research and analyzes the economic impact of policies and proposals.

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Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.

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Eli Lilly

Eli Lilly (July 8, 1838 – June 6, 1898) was an American soldier, pharmacist, chemist, and businessman who founded the Eli Lilly and Company pharmaceutical corporation.

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Emiliano Zapata

Emiliano Zapata Salazar (8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, the main leader of the peasant revolution in the state of Morelos, and the inspiration of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo.

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Employment

Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract where work is paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-for-profit organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.

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Employment-to-population ratio

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development defines the employment rate as the employment-to-population ratio.

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Energy industry

The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Environmental impact assessment

Environmental assessment (EA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

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Environmental issue

Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.

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Environmental law

Environmental law, also known as environmental and natural resources law, is a collective term describing the network of treaties, statutes, regulations, common and customary laws addressing the effects of human activity on the natural environment.

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Environmental protection

Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organization controlled or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.

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Ethyl Corporation

Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia in the United States.

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European Economic Area

The European Economic Area (EEA) is the area in which the Agreement on the EEA provides for the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the European Single Market, including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area.

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European Free Trade Association

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Export

The term export means sending of goods or services produced in one country to another country.

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Expropriation

The process of expropriation "occurs when a public agency (for example, the provincial government and its agencies, regional districts, municipalities, school boards, post-secondary institutions and utilities) takes private property for a purpose deemed to be in the public interest".

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Federal tribunals in the United States

The federal tribunals of the United States include both Article III tribunals (federal courts) as well as adjudicative entities which are classified as Article I or Article IV tribunals.

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Finance

Finance is a field that is concerned with the allocation (investment) of assets and liabilities (known as elements of the balance statement) over space and time, often under conditions of risk or uncertainty.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.

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Form I-94

Form I-94, the Arrival-Departure Record Card, is a form used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) intended to keep track of the arrival and departure to/from the United States of people who are not United States citizens or lawful permanent residents (with the exception of those who are entering using the Visa Waiver Program or Compact of Free Association, using Border Crossing Cards, re-entering via automatic visa revalidation, or entering temporarily as crew members).

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Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.

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Free trade

Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.

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Free-trade area

A free-trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement (FTA).

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Generic drug

A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.

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Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).

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George C. Pratt

George Cheney Pratt (born May 22, 1928) is a former United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and in 2013 as a NAFTA adjudicator.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

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Giant sucking sound

The "giant sucking sound" was United States presidential candidate Ross Perot's phrase for what he believed would be the negative effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which he opposed.

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Globalization

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Good

In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be or should be preferred when posed with a choice between a set of possible actions.

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Gordon Hanson

Gordon Howard Hanson (born August 5, 1964) is a professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).

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Government budget balance

A government budget is a financial statement presenting the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Grove Press

Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1947.

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Guadalcázar, San Luis Potosí

Guadalcázar is a Mexican municipality, within the state of San Luis Potosí, Northeastern Mexico.

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Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

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Health Canada

Health Canada (Santé Canada) is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for national public health.

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Historica Canada

Historica Canada is the country's largest organization dedicated to enhancing awareness of Canadian history and citizenship.

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Holding company

A holding company is a company that owns other companies' outstanding stock.

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House of Representatives

House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles.

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Human migration

Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location.

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Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.

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Hypothesis

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

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Import

An import is a good brought into a jurisdiction, especially across a national border, from an external source.

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Income trust

An income trust is an investment that may hold equities, debt instruments, royalty interests or real properties.

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Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.

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Initial public offering

Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also retail (individual) investors; an IPO is underwritten by one or more investment banks, who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges.

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Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.

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Intellectual property

Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, and primarily encompasses copyrights, patents, and trademarks.

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Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-240; ISTEA, pronounced Ice-Tea) is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in the post-Interstate Highway System era.

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International law

International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.

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International Organization for Migration

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental organization that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers.

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Investment

In general, to invest is to allocate money (or sometimes another resource, such as time) in the expectation of some benefit in the future – for example, investment in durable goods, in real estate by the service industry, in factories for manufacturing, in product development, and in research and development.

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Investor-state dispute settlement

Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) or investment court system (ICS) is a system through which investors can sue countries for alleged discriminatory practices.

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J. Bradford DeLong

James Bradford "Brad" DeLong (born June 24, 1960) is an economic historian who is professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Jean Chrétien

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien, is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.

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Joe Craft

Joseph Craft III (born 1950), a Kentucky native, is an American businessman.

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John Ibbitson

John Ibbitson (born 1955 in Gravenhurst, Ontario) is a Canadian journalist.

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John Maxwell Evans

John Maxwell Evans (born August 4, 1942) is a former judge of the Canadian Federal Court of Appeal.

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John Richard

John D. Richard (born July 30, 1934) was the Chief Justice of Canada's Federal Court of Appeal and in 2013, as a NAFTA adjudicator.

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Journal of Economic Perspectives

The Journal of Economic Perspectives (JEP) is an economic journal published by the American Economic Association.

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Journal of International Economics

The Journal of International Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Kelly Knight Craft

Kelly Knight Craft (Guilfoil; born February 24, 1962) is an American businesswoman and diplomat who is the United States Ambassador to Canada; she is the first woman to be the United States Ambassador to Canada.

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Kim Campbell

Avril Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, lawyer and writer who served as the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993.

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Latin American debt crisis

The Latin American debt crisis (Crisis de la deuda latinoamericana) was a financial crisis that originated in the early 1980s (and for some countries starting in the 1970s), often known as the "lost decade", when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it.

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León, Guanajuato

León is the most populous city and municipality in the Mexican state of Guanajuato.

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Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), colloquially known as the Grits, is the oldest federal political party in Canada.

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Liberalization

Liberalization (or liberalisation) is a general term for any process whereby a state lifts restrictions on some private individual activities.

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List of Latin phrases (E)

Additional sources.

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List of Latin phrases (I)

Additional sources.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Majority government

A majority government is a government formed by a governing party that has an absolute majority of seats in the legislature or parliament in a parliamentary system.

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Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.

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Maquiladora

In Mexico, a maquiladora or maquila is a manufacturing operation, where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled, processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw materials' country of origin.

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Marc Melitz

Marc J. Melitz (born January 1, 1968) is an American economist.

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Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) is an online encyclopedia dealing with international law.

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Meat industry

The term meat industry describes modern industrialized livestock agriculture for production, packing, preservation and marketing of meat (in contrast to dairy products, wool, etc.). In economics, it is a fusion of primary (agriculture) and secondary (industry) activity and hard to characterize strictly in terms of either one alone.

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Metalclad

Metalclad is an American landfill management firm.

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Methanex

Methanex Corporation is a Canadian company that supplies, distributes and markets methanol worldwide.

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Methanol

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).

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Methyl tert-butyl ether

Methyl tert-butyl ether (also known as MTBE and tert-butyl methyl ether) is an organic compound with a structural formula (CH3)3COCH3.

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Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT or MCMT) is an organomanganese compound with the formula (C5H4CH3)Mn(CO)3.

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Metropolitan area

A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area or commuter belt, is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Middle class

The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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New Democratic Party

The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a social democraticThe party is widely described as social democratic.

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New York Stock Exchange

The New York Stock Exchange (abbreviated as NYSE, and nicknamed "The Big Board"), is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York.

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Noam Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic and political activist.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation

The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) is an environmental agreement between the United States of America, Canada and Mexico as a side-treaty of the North American Free Trade Agreement.

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North American Leaders' Summit

The North American Leaders' Summit (NALS), sometimes called the Three Amigos Summit in the popular press, is the trilateral annual summit between the Prime Minister of Canada, the President of Mexico, and the President of the United States.

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North American Transportation Statistics Interchange

The North American Transportation Statistics Interchange, established in 1991, is a trilateral forum of government officials from transportation and statistical agencies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

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North–South divide

The North–South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide.

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Office of the United States Trade Representative

The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States trade policy to the President of the United States, conducting trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade policy within the government through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) and Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG).

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Oil sands

Oil sands, also known as tar sands or crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.

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Op-ed

An op-ed (originally short for "opposite the editorial page" although often taken to stand for "opinion editorial") is a written prose piece typically published by a newspaper or magazine which expresses the opinion of a named author usually not affiliated with the publication's editorial board.

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Optical fiber

An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.

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Outsourcing

In business, outsourcing is an agreement in which one company contracts its own internal activity to a different company.

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Pacific Alliance

The Pacific Alliance (Alianza del Pacífico) is a Latin American trade bloc, formed by — Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which all border the Pacific Ocean.

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Pat Roberts

Charles Patrick Roberts (born April 20, 1936) is an American politician of the Republican Party serving as the senior United States Senator from Kansas, a position he has held since 1997.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Permanent normal trade relations

The status of permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) is a legal designation in the United States for free trade with a foreign nation.

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

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Peterson Institute for International Economics

The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE; Peterson Institute), until 2006 the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is a private and non-profit think tank focused on international economics, based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981, and is led by Adam S. Posen.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Political science

Political science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.

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Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.

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Poverty

Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Price

In ordinary usage, a price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for one unit of goods or services.

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Privatization

Privatization (also spelled privatisation) is the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise to private investors.

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Product (business)

In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need.

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Production (economics)

Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs (plans, know-how) in order to make something for consumption (the output).

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Productivity

Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.

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Profit (economics)

In economics, profit in the accounting sense of the excess of revenue over cost is the sum of two components: normal profit and economic profit.

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Progressive Conservative Party of Canada

No description.

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Public domain

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

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Public use

Public use is a legal requirement under the takings clause ("nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation") of the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, that owners of property seized by eminent domain for "public use" be paid "just compensation".

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Puebla City

Puebla (Spanish: Puebla de Zaragoza), formally Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza and also known as Puebla de los Ángeles, is the seat of Puebla Municipality, the capital and largest city of the state of Puebla, and one of the five most important Spanish colonial cities in Mexico.

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Race to the bottom

The race to the bottom is a socio-economic phrase which is used to describe government deregulation of the business environment, or reduction in tax rates, in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions.

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Ratification

Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally.

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Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity.

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Regulation

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends.

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Reynosa

Reynosa is a border city in the northern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

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Right to property

The right to property or right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Saint Lawrence Seaway

The Saint Lawrence Seaway (la Voie Maritime du Saint-Laurent) is a system of locks, canals, and channels in Canada and the United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland as the western end of Lake Superior.

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San Luis Potosí

San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí (Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Sandra Day O'Connor

Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, having served from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until 2006.

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Settlement (litigation)

In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins.

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Sierra Club

The Sierra Club is an environmental organization in the United States.

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Softwood

Scots Pine, a typical and well-known softwood Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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State-owned enterprise

A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business enterprise where the state has significant control through full, majority, or significant minority ownership.

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Subsidy

A subsidy is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or institution, business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.

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Susan Christine O'Meara Getzendanner

Susan Christine O'Meara Getzendanner (born 1939) is a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and in 2013 as a NAFTA adjudicator.

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Tariff

A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.

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Tax law

Tax law is an area of legal study dealing with the constitutional, common-law, statutory, tax treaty, and regulatory rules that constitute the law applicable to taxation.

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Tax rate

In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The Canadian Encyclopedia

The Canadian Encyclopedia (abbreviated as TCE) is a source of information on Canada published by Historica Canada of Toronto.

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The Council of Canadians

The Council of Canadians is a non-profit environmental activist group with left-leaning principles that advocates for clean water, fair trade, green energy, public health care, and a vibrant democracy.

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The Fight for Canada

The Fight for Canada: Four Centuries of Resistance to American Expansionism is a 1993 non-fiction book by David Orchard.

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The Globe and Mail

The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada.

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Tijuana

Tijuana is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and on the Baja California Peninsula, located at the center of the Tijuana and the international San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan areas.

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TN status

TN status or TN visa is a special non-immigrant status in the United States, Canada, and Mexico that offers expedited work authorization to a citizen of these countries.

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Toluca

Toluca, officially called Toluca de Lerdo, is the state capital of the State of Mexico as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca.

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Toronto

Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016.

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Trade

Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.

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Trade Act of 1974

The Trade Act of 1974 (codified at) was passed to help industry in the United States become more competitive or phase workers into other industries or occupations.

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Trade agreement

A trade agreement (also known as trade pact) is a wide ranging taxes, tariff and trade treaty that often includes investment guarantees.

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Trade barrier

Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade.

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Trade bloc

A trade block is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

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Trade-off

A trade-off (or tradeoff) is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one quality, quantity or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects.

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Trans-Pacific Partnership

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and United States signed on 4 February 2016, which was not ratified as required and did not take effect.

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Tufts University

Tufts University is a private research university incorporated in the municipality of Medford, Massachusetts, United States.

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Unintended consequences

In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Chamber of Commerce

The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business-oriented American lobbying group.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Court of International Trade

The United States Court of International Trade (in case citations, Int'l Trade or Intl. Trade), formerly the United States Customs Court, and before that the Board of General Appraisers, is an Article III court, with full powers in law and equity.

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United States Department of Homeland Security

The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government with responsibilities in public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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United States House Committee on Ways and Means

The Committee on Ways and Means is the chief tax-writing committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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United States presidential election, 2016

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of California

The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the US state of California.

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University of Toronto

The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.

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Uruguay Round Agreements Act

The Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) is an Act of Congress in the United States that implemented in U.S. law the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994.

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US Public Opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement

After it officially went into effect on January 1, 1994, U.S. public opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has varied over time.

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Vicente Fox

Vicente Fox Quesada, (born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 55th President of Mexico from December 1, 2000 to November 30, 2006.

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Volume (finance)

In capital markets, volume, or trading volume, is the amount (total number) of a security (or a given set of securities, or an entire market) that was traded during a given period of time.

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Wilbur Ross

Wilbur Louis Ross Jr. (born November 28, 1937) is an American investor and the current United States Secretary of Commerce.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Integrated Trade Solution

The is a trade software provided by the World Bank for users to query several international trade databases.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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Zapatista Army of National Liberation

The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas, is a left-wing revolutionary political and militant group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.

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60 Minutes

60 Minutes is an American newsmagazine television program broadcast on the CBS television network.

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Redirects here:

Accord de Libre-échange Nord-Américain, Criticism of NAFTA, Free Trade Agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico, Mexican truckers, N.A.F.T.A., NAFTA, NAFTA Chapter 11, North America Free Trade Act, North America Free Trade Agreement, North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, North American Free Trade Area, North American Free Trade Association, Provisions of NAFTA, TLCAN, Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement

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