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Numbered Treaties

Index Numbered Treaties

The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada (or First Nations) and the reigning monarch of Canada (Victoria, Edward VII or George V) from 1871 to 1921. [1]

121 relations: Adams George Archibald, Alberta, Alcohol and Native Americans, Alexander Morris (politician), American Indian Movement, Appalachian Mountains, Assembly of First Nations, Attawapiskat First Nation, Beaver First Nation, Big Bear, Blackfeet Nation, Blackfoot Confederacy, Bob Rae, British Columbia, British Columbia Treaty Process, British North America Acts, Canada, Canadian Aboriginal law, Canadian Confederation, Canadian Indian residential school system, Canadian Pacific Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia, Ceremonial pipe, Charlottetown Accord, Chipewyan, Chippewa Cree, Constitution of Canada, Cree, Crowfoot, Daniel G. MacMartin, Daniels v Canada (Indian Affairs and Northern Development), David Laird, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Douglas Treaties, Duncan Campbell Scott, Edward VII, English language, Federal Court of Canada, First Nations, Fur trade, George V, Georgia (U.S. state), Government of Canada, Grand Council of the Crees, Gwich'in, Hare Indian Formation, Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service, Hudson's Bay Company, Idle No More, Indian Act, ..., Indian agent, Indigenous peoples in Canada, James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, James Hamilton Ross, James Macleod, James McKay (Canadian politician), James McKay (fur trader), Klondike Gold Rush, Liberal Party of Canada, Mackenzie River, Manitoba, Matthew Coon Come, Métis, Métis in Canada, Meech Lake Accord, Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Natural resource, Nomad, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ojibway Nation of Saugeen, Ojibwe, Ontario, Oral tradition, Ottawa, Pamela Palmater, Pemmican, Piegan Blackfeet, Pontiac (Ottawa leader), Quebec, Quebec sovereignty movement, Queen Victoria, R v Sparrow, Red River Colony, Robinson Treaty, Royal Proclamation of 1763, Rupert's Land, Rupert's Land Act 1868, Saskatchewan, Saulteaux First Nation, Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, Settler society, Smallpox, Swampy Cree, Tłı̨chǫ, The Crown, Theresa Spence, Treaty, Treaty 1, Treaty 10, Treaty 11, Treaty 2, Treaty 3, Treaty 4, Treaty 5, Treaty 6, Treaty 7, Treaty 8, Treaty 9, Treaty Day (Nova Scotia), Tsuu T'ina Nation, Tuberculosis, Two Row Wampum Treaty, United Nations, United States, Ward (law), Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson, William J. Christie, 1867. Expand index (71 more) »

Adams George Archibald

Sir Adams George Archibald (May 3, 1814 – December 14, 1892) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, and a Father of Confederation.

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Alberta

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

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Alcohol and Native Americans

Native Americans in the United States have historically had extreme difficulty with the use of alcohol.

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Alexander Morris (politician)

Alexander Morris (March 17, 1826 – October 28, 1889) was a Canadian politician.

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American Indian Movement

The American Indian Movement (AIM) is an American Indian advocacy group in the United States, founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.

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Assembly of First Nations

The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is an assembly, modelled on the United Nations General Assembly, of First Nations (Indian bands) represented by their chiefs.

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Attawapiskat First Nation

The Attawapiskat First Nation (Cree: ᐋᐦᑕᐙᐱᐢᑲᑐᐎ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ, "People of the parting of the rocks"; unpointed: ᐊᑕᐗᐱᐢᑲᑐᐎ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ) is an isolated First Nation located in Kenora District in northern Ontario, Canada, at the mouth of the Attawapiskat River on James Bay.

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Beaver First Nation

The Beaver First Nation is a First Nation government or band, made up of members of the Danezaa people, also known as the Beavers.

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Big Bear

Big Bear, also known as Mistahi-maskwa (ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃᒪᐢᑿ; c.1825 – 17 January 1888, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online), was a powerful and popular Cree chief who played many pivotal roles in Canadian history.

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Blackfeet Nation

The Blackfeet Nation also known as the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation and headquarters for the Siksikaitsitapi people in the United States.

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Blackfoot Confederacy

The Blackfoot Confederacy, Niitsitapi or Siksikaitsitapi (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning "the people" or "Blackfoot-speaking real people"Compare to Ojibwe: Anishinaabeg and Quinnipiac: Eansketambawg) is a historic collective name for the four bands that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: three First Nation band governments in the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, and one federally recognized Native American tribe in Montana, United States.

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Bob Rae

Robert Keith Rae, (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian lawyer, negotiator, public speaker, and former politician.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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British Columbia Treaty Process

The British Columbia Treaty Process (BCTP) is a land claims negotiation process started in 1993 to resolve outstanding issues – including claims to un-extinguished Aboriginal rights – with British Columbia's First Nations.

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British North America Acts

The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canadian Aboriginal law

Canadian Aboriginal law is the body of Canadian law that concerns a variety of issues related to Indigenous peoples in Canada.

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Canadian Confederation

Canadian Confederation (Confédération canadienne) was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.

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Canadian Indian residential school system

In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples.

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Canadian Pacific Railway

The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881.

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Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia

The Canadian Pacific Railway is a Canadian Class I railway that stretches from Montreal, Quebec, to Vancouver, British Columbia.

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Ceremonial pipe

A ceremonial pipe is a particular type of smoking pipe, used by a number of Native American cultures in their sacred ceremonies.

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Charlottetown Accord

The Charlottetown Accord (Accord de Charlottetown) was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992.

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Chipewyan

The Chipewyan (Denésoliné or Dënesųłı̨né, meaning "people of the barrens") are an aboriginal Dene ethnolinguistic group of the Athabaskan language family, whose ancestors are identified with the Taltheilei Shale archaeological tradition.

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Chippewa Cree

The Chippewa-Cree Tribe is a federally recognized tribe on the Rocky Boy Reservation in Montana who are descendants of Cree who migrated south from Canada and Chippewa (Ojibwe) who moved west from the Turtle Mountains in North Dakota in the late nineteenth century.

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Constitution of Canada

The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.

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Cree

The Cree (script; Cri) are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members living in Canada.

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Crowfoot

Crowfoot (1830 – 25 April 1890) or Isapo-Muxika (Blackfoot Issapóómahksika, "Crow-big-foot") was a chief of the Siksika First Nation.

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Daniel G. MacMartin

Daniel George MacMartin (9 January 1844 – 12 April 1923 (aged 79) was treaty commissioner for the Government of Ontario for Treaty 9 in 1905 and 1906, along with two Dominion commissioners, Duncan Campbell Scott, of Ottawa, Ontario, Esquire, and Samuel Stewart, of Ottawa, Ontario, Esquire. MacMartin was the sole commissioner nominated by and representing the province of Ontario under provisions which reads: "That any future treaties with the Indians in respect of territory in Ontario to which they have not before the passing of the said Statutes surrendered their claim aforesaid shall be deemed to require the concurrence of the government of Ontario." Under the provisions of this clause, the terms of the treaty were fixed by the governments of the Dominion and Ontario; Daniel G. MacMartin and the two other commissioners "were empowered to offer certain conditions, but were not allowed to alter or add to them in the event of their not being acceptable to the First Nations." MacMartin's role was to protect the interests of the Ontario government whose agreement to make the treaty had to be sought and in whose jurisdiction reserves will be chosen and surveyed. MacMartin was to ensure that no reserves were located in areas with water power or mineral resources with future potential. MacMartin's incomplete 1905 journal was donated to the Queen's University archives in 1968. Although the journal was accessed by other researchers its significance was not fully recognised until c. 2010. Until the contents of diaries were revealed, details about the signing of the constitutionally recognized agreement were known only through the accounts of Duncan Campbell Scott and Samuel Stewart, commissioners appointed by the Government of Canada. The journals of the other two – Samuel Stewart and Duncan Campbell Scott, both former employees of the Department of Indian Affairs, were easily accessible at the National Archives of Canada in Ottawa. MacMartin's diaries provide another perspective on the Treaty 9 tracing the treaty's origins, negotiation, explanation, interpretation, signing, implementation, and recent commemoration. He was a miner from Perth, Ontario and was considered to be an Indian Affairs outsider, albeit someone who was politically well-connected. It was suggested that he probably knew little about the process of treaty negotiations; however, from his journal entries, he seemed to realize that Treaty 9 was an anomaly. He had received the written Treaty prior to negotiations and realized that he had only fixed terms to offer and no authority to bargain. Toronto lawyer Murray Klippenstein, who earlier helped the Mushkegowuk First Nations of western James Bay to challenge the Mike Harris government’s workfare legislation and launch their Rupert’s Land Protection Pledge suit, also discovered the journal. Klippenstein claimed that in MacMartin's diaries oral promises had been made that contradicted the written Treaties and supports Elders' claims. He quoted from Commissioner MacMartin’s diary, "it was explained to them that they could hunt and fish as of old" and "they were not restricted as of territory" and "they could hunt wherever they pleased." Klippenstein argued that oral promises that are part of the Treaty should override legislation like the Far North Act.

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Daniels v Canada (Indian Affairs and Northern Development)

is a case of the Supreme Court of Canada, ruling that Métis and non-status Indians are "Indians" for the purpose of s 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

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David Laird

David Laird, (March 12, 1833 – January 12, 1914) born in New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island into a Presbyterian family noted for its civic activism.

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Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was adopted by the General Assembly on Thursday, 13 September 2007, by a majority of 144 states in favour, 4 votes against (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States) and 11 abstentions (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine).

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Douglas Treaties

The Douglas Treaties, also known as the Vancouver Island Treaties or the Fort Victoria Treaties, were a series of treaties signed between certain indigenous groups on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.

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Duncan Campbell Scott

Duncan Campbell Scott CMG (August 2, 1862 – December 19, 1947) was a Canadian bureaucrat, poet and prose writer.

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Edward VII

Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Federal Court of Canada

The Federal Court of Canada, which succeeded the Exchequer Court of Canada in 1971, was a national court of Canada that had limited jurisdiction to hear certain types of disputes arising under the federal government's legislative jurisdiction.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

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George V

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Government of Canada

The Government of Canada (Gouvernement du Canada), formally Her Majesty's Government (Gouvernement de Sa Majesté), is the federal administration of Canada.

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Grand Council of the Crees

The Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) or the GCC(EI) (ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ in Cree), is the political body that represents the about 18,000 Crees or "Eeyou" ("Eenou", Inland dialect) of the territory called Eeyou Istchee ("The People's Land") in the James Bay and Nunavik regions of Northern Quebec, Canada.

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Gwich'in

The Gwich’in (or Kutchin) are an Athabaskan-speaking First Nations people of Canada and an Alaska Native people.

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Hare Indian Formation

The Hare Indian Formation is a geologic formation in Northwest Territories.

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Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service

Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service (HMDS) is the diplomatic service of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, dealing with foreign affairs, as opposed to the Home Civil Service, which deals with domestic affairs.

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Hudson's Bay Company

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.

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Idle No More

Idle No More is an ongoing protest movement, founded in December 2012 by four women: three First Nations women and one non-Native ally.

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Indian Act

The Indian Act (An Act respecting Indians, Loi sur les Indiens), (the Act) is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves.

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Indian agent

In United States history, an Indian agent was an individual authorized to interact with Native American tribes on behalf of the U.S. government.

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Indigenous peoples in Canada

Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Native Canadians or Aboriginal Canadians, are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of present-day Canada.

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James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement

The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement is an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec, and later slightly modified in 1978 by the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, through which Quebec's Naskapi First Nations joined the treaty.

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James Hamilton Ross

James Hamilton Ross (May 12, 1856 – December 14, 1932) was a Canadian politician, the Yukon Territory's third Commissioner, and an ardent defender of territorial rights.

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James Macleod

Lieutenant-Colonel James Farquharson Macleod (c. September 25, 1836 – September 5, 1894), born in Drynoch, Isle of Skye, Scotland, was a militia officer, lawyer, NWMP officer, magistrate, judge, and politician in Alberta.

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James McKay (Canadian politician)

James McKay (July 12, 1862 – December 1, 1931) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada.

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James McKay (fur trader)

James McKay (1828 – December 2, 1879) was a fur trader, pioneer and pre Canadian confederation politician and interpreter.

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Klondike Gold Rush

The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899.

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Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), colloquially known as the Grits, is the oldest federal political party in Canada.

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Mackenzie River

The Mackenzie River (Slavey language: Deh-Cho, big river or Inuvialuktun: Kuukpak, great river; fleuve (de) Mackenzie) is the longest river system in Canada, and has the second largest drainage basin of any North American river after the Mississippi River.

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Manitoba

Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada.

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Matthew Coon Come

Matthew Coon Come (born 1956) is a Canadian politician and activist of Cree descent.

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Métis

The Métis are members of ethnic groups native to Canada and parts of the United States that trace their descent to indigenous North Americans and European settlers.

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Métis in Canada

The Métis in Canada are a group of peoples in Canada who trace their descent to First Nations peoples and European settlers.

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Meech Lake Accord

The Meech Lake Accord (Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers.

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Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs

The Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs is one of two Ministers of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet responsible for overseeing the federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and administering the Indian Act and other legislation dealing with "Indians and lands reserved for the Indians" under subsection 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

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Monarchy of Canada

The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster-style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy.

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Monarchy of the United Kingdom

The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories.

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Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.

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Nomad

A nomad (νομάς, nomas, plural tribe) is a member of a community of people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another in search of grasslands for their animals.

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Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories (NT or NWT; French: les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, TNO; Athabaskan languages: Denendeh; Inuinnaqtun: Nunatsiaq; Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a federal territory of Canada.

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Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.

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Ojibway Nation of Saugeen

The Ojibway Nation of Saugeen is an Ojibwa First Nation in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Ojibwe

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island.

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Ontario

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.

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Oral tradition

Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication where in knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted orally from one generation to another.

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Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

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Pamela Palmater

Pamela Palmater (born 1970) is a Mi'kmaq lawyer, professor, activist and politician from Mi'kma'ki, New Brunswick, Canada.

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Pemmican

Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food.

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Piegan Blackfeet

The Piegan (Blackfoot: Piikáni) are an Algonquian-speaking people from the North American Great Plains.

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Pontiac (Ottawa leader)

Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769) was an Odawa war chief known for his role in the war named for him, from 1763 to 1766 leading American Indians in a struggle against British military occupation of the Great Lakes region.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Quebec sovereignty movement

The Quebec sovereignty movement (Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement as well as an ideology of values, concepts and ideas that advocates independence for the Canadian province of Quebec.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.

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R v Sparrow

R v Sparrow, 1 S.C.R. 1075 was an important decision of the Supreme Court of Canada concerning the application of Aboriginal rights under section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982.

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Red River Colony

The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up in 1811 by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk on of land.

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Robinson Treaty

Robinson Treaty may refer to one of two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown in 1850.

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Royal Proclamation of 1763

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.

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Rupert's Land

Rupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America comprising the Hudson Bay drainage basin, a territory in which a commercial monopoly was operated by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870.

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Rupert's Land Act 1868

The Rupert's Land Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c.105) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it then was), authorizing the transfer of Rupert's Land from the control of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada.

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Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada, the only province without natural borders.

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Saulteaux First Nation

Saulteaux First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation band government, whose reserves are located near Cochin, Saskatchewan.

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Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982

Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides constitutional protection to the indigenous and treaty rights of indigenous peoples in Canada.

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Settler society

Settler society is a theoretical term in early modern and modern history that describes a common link between modern, predominantly European, attempts to permanently settle in other areas of the world.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Swampy Cree

Swampy Cree, known by themselves as Maskiki Wi Iniwak, Mushkegowuk (or Maškēkowak in common Cree spelling) or Maskekon therefore often known as Muskegon and Muskegoes.

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Tłı̨chǫ

The Tłı̨chǫ people, sometimes spelled Tlicho and also known as the Dogrib, are a Dene First Nations people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group living in the Northwest Territories, Canada.

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The Crown

The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their sub-divisions (such as Crown dependencies, provinces, or states).

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Theresa Spence

Theresa Spence (born 1963) is a former chief of the Attawapiskat First Nation in Canada.

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Treaty

A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.

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Treaty 1

Treaty 1 is an agreement established August 3, 1871, between the newly founded Canadian government and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree Nations.

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Treaty 10

Treaty 10 was an agreement established beginning 19 August 1906, between King Edward VII and various First Nation band governments in northern Saskatchewan and a small portion of eastern Alberta.

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Treaty 11

Treaty 11, the last of the Numbered Treaties, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King George V and various First Nation band governments in what is today the Northwest Territories.

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Treaty 2

Treaty 2 is an agreement signed on August 21, 1871, between the Crown in Right of Canada and various First Nation band governments in southwestern Manitoba and a small part of southeastern Saskatchewan; treaty signatories from this region included the Ojibwe Nations.

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Treaty 3

Treaty 3 was an agreement entered into on October 3, 1873, by the Ojibwe First Nations and Queen Victoria.

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Treaty 4

Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments.

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Treaty 5

Treaty Five is a treaty that was first established in September, 1875, between Queen Victoria and Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty band governments and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin.

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Treaty 6

Treaty 6 is the sixth of seven numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 to 1877.

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Treaty 7

Treaty 7 was an agreement between Queen Victoria and several, mainly Blackfoot, First Nation band governments in what is today the southern portion of Alberta.

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Treaty 8

Treaty 8 was an agreement signed on June 21, 1899, between Queen Victoria and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area.

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Treaty 9

Treaty 9 was an agreement established in July 1905, between the Government of Canada in the name of King Edward VII and various First Nation band governments in northern Ontario.

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Treaty Day (Nova Scotia)

Treaty Day is celebrated by Nova Scotians annually on October 1 in recognition of the Treaties signed between the British Empire and the Mi'kmaq people.

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Tsuu T'ina Nation

The Tsuut'ina Nation (also Tsu T’ina, Tsuu T’ina, Tsúùtínà - "a great number of people"; formerly Sarcee, Sarsi) is a First Nation in Canada.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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Two Row Wampum Treaty

The Two Row Wampum Treaty, also known as Guswenta or Kaswhenta and as the Tawagonshi Agreement of 1613 or the Tawagonshi Treaty, is a mutual treaty agreement, made in 1613 between representatives of the Five Nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) and representatives of the Dutch government in what is now upstate New York.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Ward (law)

In law, a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian.

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Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson

Wemyss Mackenzie (McKenzie) Simpson (March 30, 1824 – March 31, 1894) was a Canadian fur trader and political figure.

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William J. Christie

William Joseph Christie (1824–1899) was an early Canadian politician and prominent Hudson's Bay Company employee.

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1867

No description.

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Redirects here:

Numbered treaties.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbered_Treaties

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