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110 relations: Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Aeration, Aging of wine, Aldehyde, Allier, Amphora, Apple, Arecaceae, Aroma of wine, Austrian wine, Barrel, Beaujolais, Black Sea, Burgundy wine, Cabernet Sauvignon, Caffè mocha, Canadian wine, Caramel, Carbon, Chardonnay, Château Giscours, Cherry, Chestnut, Chilean wine, Cinnamon, Clarification and stabilization of wine, Clove, Coconut, Cooper (profession), Cream, Diacetyl, Eastern United States, Ellagitannin, Ethanol, Eugenol, Euphrates, European Union, Evaporation, Fermentation in winemaking, Flavor, Forest of Tronçais, French wine, Furan, Gallon, Harvest, Herodotus, History of wine, Hogshead, Hydrolysable tannin, Italian wine, ..., Italy, Kiln, Lactic acid, Lactone, Lees (fermentation), Lignin, Limousin, Lophozonia alpina, Mesopotamia, Microoxygenation, Millennium, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebbiolo, Nevers, New World wine, Oil of clove, Oregon, Oxygen, Oxygenation (environmental), Paraffin wax, Phenolic content in wine, Pine, Pinot noir, Plank (wood), Pliable, Portuguese wine, Quercus alba, Quercus garryana, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Redox, Rhône wine, Rioja (wine), Robinia pseudoacacia, Roman Empire, Russian Revolution, Sap, Sequoioideae, Slavonia, Smoke, Spice, Stave (wood), Storage of wine, Supply and demand, Toffee, Ullage (wine), Vanilla, Vanillin, Varietal, Vintage, Vosges, Water, Wine fault, Winemaker, Winemaking, Winery, Wisconsin, Wood grain, Yeast in winemaking. Expand index (60 more) »
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (Адыге́йская автоно́мная о́бласть) was an autonomous oblast within Krasnodar Krai, Soviet Union.
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Aeration
Aeration (also called aerification) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance.
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Aging of wine
The aging of wine (American spelling) or ageing of wine (British spelling) is potentially able to improve the quality of wine.
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Aldehyde
An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
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Allier
Allier; is a French department located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France named after the river Allier.
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Amphora
An amphora (Greek: ἀμφορεύς, amphoréus; English plural: amphorae or amphoras) is a type of container of a characteristic shape and size, descending from at least as early as the Neolithic Period.
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Apple
An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).
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Arecaceae
The Arecaceae are a botanical family of perennial trees, climbers, shrubs, and acaules commonly known as palm trees (owing to historical usage, the family is alternatively called Palmae).
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Aroma of wine
The aromas of wine are more diverse than its flavors.
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Austrian wine
Austrian wines are mostly dry white wines (often made from the Grüner Veltliner grape), though some sweeter white wines (such as dessert wines made around the Neusiedler See) are also produced.
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Barrel
A barrel, cask, or tun is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wooden staves bound by wooden or metal hoops.
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Beaujolais
Beaujolais is a French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) wine generally made of the Gamay grape which has a thin skin and is low in tannins.
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
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Burgundy wine
Burgundy wine (Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône.
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.
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Caffè mocha
A caffè mocha, also called mocaccino, is a chocolate-flavored variant of a caffè latte.
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Canadian wine
Canadian wine is produced in mainly southern British Columbia and southern Ontario.
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Caramel
Caramel is a medium- to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Chardonnay
Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine.
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Château Giscours
Château Giscours is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Labarde.
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Cherry
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).
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Chestnut
The chestnut (Castanea) group is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
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Chilean wine
Chilean wine has a long history for a New World wine region, as it was the 16th century when the Spanish conquistadors brought Vitis vinifera vines with them as they colonized the region.
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Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum.
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Clarification and stabilization of wine
In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling.
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Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.
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Coconut
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus Cocos.
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Cooper (profession)
A cooper is a person trained to make wooden barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs and other staved containers, from timber that was usually heated or steamed to make it pliable.
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Cream
Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.
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Diacetyl
Diacetyl (IUPAC systematic name: butanedione or butane-2,3-dione) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CO)2.
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Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, commonly referred to as the American East or simply the East, is a region roughly coinciding with the boundaries of the United States established in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which bounded the new country to the west along the Mississippi River.
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Ellagitannin
The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Eugenol
Eugenol is a phenylpropene, an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol.
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Euphrates
The Euphrates (Sumerian: Buranuna; 𒌓𒄒𒉣 Purattu; الفرات al-Furāt; ̇ܦܪܬ Pǝrāt; Եփրատ: Yeprat; פרת Perat; Fırat; Firat) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gaseous phase before reaching its boiling point.
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Fermentation in winemaking
The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.
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Flavor
Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.
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Forest of Tronçais
The Forest of Tronçais (Forêt de Tronçais) is a forêt domaniale comprising in the Allier, managed by the National Forests Office.
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French wine
French wine is produced all throughout France, in quantities between 50 and 60 million hectolitres per year, or 7–8 billion bottles.
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Furan
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen.
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Gallon
The gallon is a unit of measurement for fluid capacity in both the US customary units and the British imperial systems of measurement.
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Harvest
Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields.
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Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος, Hêródotos) was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484– 425 BC), a contemporary of Thucydides, Socrates, and Euripides.
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History of wine
The earliest archaeological evidence of grape wine has been found at sites in Georgia (BC), Iran (BC), Greece (BC), and Sicily (BC) although there is earlier evidence of a wine made from fermented grapes among other fruits being consumed in China (c. 7000–5500 BC).
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Hogshead
A hogshead (abbreviated "Hhd", plural "Hhds") is a large cask of liquid (or, less often, of a food commodity).
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Hydrolysable tannin
A hydrolyzable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids.
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Italian wine
Italy is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, and Italian wines are known worldwide for their broad variety.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Kiln
A kiln (or, originally pronounced "kill", with the "n" silent) is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes.
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Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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Lactone
Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
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Lees (fermentation)
Lees are deposits of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging.
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Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form important structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers.
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Limousin
Limousin (Lemosin) is a former administrative region of France.
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Lophozonia alpina
Lophozonia alpina, also called rauli or raulí beech (in Mapuche language) is a species of plant in the Fagaceae family.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Microoxygenation
Micro-oxygenation is a process used in winemaking to introduce oxygen into wine in a controlled manner.
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Millennium
A millennium (plural millennia or, rarely, millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears.
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Minnesota
Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.
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Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.
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Nebbiolo
Nebbiolo (Italian), or Nebieul (Piedmontese) is an Italian red wine grape variety predominantly associated with its native Piedmont region, where it makes the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wines of Barolo, Barbaresco, Roero, Gattinara and Ghemme.
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Nevers
Nevers (Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France.
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New World wine
New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe and the Middle East, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.
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Oil of clove
Oil of clove, also known as clove oil, is an essential oil extracted from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Oxygenation (environmental)
Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem.
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Paraffin wax
Paraffin wax is a white or colourless soft solid, derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms.
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Phenolic content in wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.
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Pine
A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus,, of the family Pinaceae.
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Pinot noir
Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera.
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Plank (wood)
A plank is timber that is flat, elongated, and rectangular with parallel faces that are higher and longer than wide.
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Pliable
No description.
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Portuguese wine
Portuguese wine is the result of traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, and mostly the Romans.
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Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America.
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Quercus garryana
Quercus garryana, the Garry oak, Oregon white oak, Oregon oak, or Hu'dshnam, from the traditional Klamath language, is a tree species with a range stretching from southern California to southwestern British Columbia.
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Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea, commonly known as the sessile oak, Cornish oak, or durmast oak, is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran.
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Quercus robur
Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Rhône wine
The Rhône wine region in Southern France is situated in the Rhône valley and produces numerous wines under various Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) designations.
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Rioja (wine)
Rioja is a wine region in Spain, with Denominación de Origen Calificada (D.O.Ca., "Qualified Designation of Origin").
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Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States, but it has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe, Southern Africa and Asia and is considered an invasive species in some areas.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
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Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.
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Sequoioideae
Sequoioideae (redwoods) is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae.
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Slavonia
Slavonia (Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia.
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Smoke
Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass.
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Spice
A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.
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Stave (wood)
A stave is a narrow length of wood with a slightly bevelled edge to form the sides of barrels, tanks and pipelines, originally handmade by coopers.
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Storage of wine
Storage of wine is an important consideration for wine that is being kept for long-term aging.
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Supply and demand
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.
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Toffee
Toffee is a confection made by caramelizing sugar or molasses (creating inverted sugar) along with butter, and occasionally flour.
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Ullage (wine)
Ullage (from the French ouillage) is a winemaking term that has several meanings but most commonly refers to the headspace of air between wine and the top of the container holding the wine.
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Vanilla
Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia).
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Vanillin
Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3.
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Varietal
A varietal wine is a wine made primarily from a single named grape variety, and which typically displays the name of that variety on the wine label.
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Vintage
Vintage, in winemaking, is the process of picking grapes and creating the finished product (see Harvest (wine)).
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Vosges
The Vosges (or; Vogesen), also called the Vosges Mountains, are a range of low mountains in eastern France, near its border with Germany.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Wine fault
A wine fault or defect is an unpleasant characteristic of a wine often resulting from poor winemaking practices or storage conditions, and leading to wine spoilage.
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Winemaker
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking.
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Winemaking
Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.
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Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the production of wine, such as a wine company.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.
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Wood grain
Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from this.
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Yeast in winemaking
The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from grape juice.
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Aged in barrels, Aged in oak, Aged in wood, American Oak, Barrel (wine), Barrel fermentation, Barrel fermented, Barrel maturation, Barrel oak, Barrel-aged (wine), Barrels (wine), Barrique, Barriqueausbau, Barriques, French Oak, French oak barrels, Limousin oak, Oak & wine, Oak aged (wine), Oak aging, Oak and wine, Oak barrel, Oak barrel aging, Oak barrels, Oak barrels (wine), Oak casks, Oak character, Oak chips, Oak in wine, Oak influence, Oak influences, Oak planks, Oak powder, Oak treatment (wine), Oak wine, Oak wine barrels, Oak-aged, Oaking, Toasted oak, Tonneau (wine barrel), Wine & oak, Wine and oak, Wine barrel, Wine barrels, Wine in oak, Wood (wine), Wood barrels.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_(wine)
