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53 relations: Acetyl-CoA, Actinomyces, Adenosine triphosphate, Aerobic organism, Aerotolerant anaerobe, Anaerobic respiration, Atmosphere of Earth, Bacteria, Bacteroides, Butanediol fermentation, Carbon monoxide, Catalase, Cellular respiration, Citric acid cycle, Clostridium, Electron, Electron acceptor, Electron transport chain, Endospore, Facultative anaerobic organism, Fermentation, Fungus, Fusobacterium, Genus, Glycolysis, Hydrogen peroxide, Iron, Lactic acid fermentation, Manganese, Mercury (element), Microaerophile, Microorganism, Mixed acid fermentation, Molecular orbital, Neocallimastix, Nitrate, Nitrogenase, Obligate aerobe, Oxidative phosphorylation, Oxygen, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Redox, Reduction potential, Rumen, Sulfate, Superoxide, Superoxide dismutase, ..., Thioglycolate broth, Triplet oxygen, Veillonella. Expand index (3 more) »
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Actinomyces
Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinobacteria class of bacteria.
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Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Aerobic organism
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
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Aerotolerant anaerobe
Aerotolerant anaerobes use fermentation to produce ATP.
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Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).
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Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacteroides
Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria.
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Butanediol fermentation
2,3-Butanediol fermentation is anaerobic fermentation of glucose with 2,3-butanediol as one of the end products.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals).
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle (CAC) – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridium difficile.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound.
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Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
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Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.
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Facultative anaerobic organism
The title of this article should be "Facultative Aerobic Organism," as "facultative anaerobe" is a misnomer.
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Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacteria, similar to Bacteroides.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Lactic acid fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.
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Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Microaerophile
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than are present in the atmosphere (i.e. 2; typically 2–10% O2).
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Mixed acid fermentation
Mixed acid fermentation is the biological process by which a six-carbon sugar e.g. glucose is converted into a complex and variable mixture of acids.
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Molecular orbital
In chemistry, a molecular orbital (MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule.
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Neocallimastix
Neocallimastix is a genus of obligately anaerobic rumen fungi in the family Neocallimastigaceae.
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Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula and a molecular mass of 62.0049 u.
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Nitrogenase
Nitrogenases are enzymes that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).
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Obligate aerobe
An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Peptostreptococcus
Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria.
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Porphyromonas
Porphyromonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Porphyromonadaceae.
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Prevotella
Prevotella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Propionibacterium
Propionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Reduction potential
Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pE, ε, or E_) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced.
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Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, forms the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals.
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Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
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Superoxide
A superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide anion, which has the chemical formula.
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Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O2&minus) radical into either ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
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Thioglycolate broth
Thioglycolate broth is a multipurpose, enriched, differential medium used primarily to determine the oxygen requirements of microorganisms.
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Triplet oxygen
Triplet oxygen, 3O2, refers to the S.
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Veillonella
Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligate_anaerobe
