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138 relations: Activin and inhibin, Alpha-fetoprotein, Amniocentesis, Amniotic sac, Anarcha Westcott, Anemia, Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, Antibody, Antiseptic, Asepsis, Auguste Nélaton, Biophysical profile, Bleeding, Blood type, Caesarean section, Cardiotocography, Charles Clay (surgeon), Childbirth, Chlamydia (genus), Chorionic villus sampling, Clinical urine tests, Coitus interruptus, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Complete blood count, Complications of pregnancy, Contraction stress test, CT scan, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Eclampsia, Ectopic pregnancy, Endothelium, Ephraim McDowell, Epileptic seizure, Estriol, Eugène Koeberlé, Female reproductive system, Fetal distress, Fetal pole, Fetus, Foley catheter, Gastrointestinal tract, Gestational age, Gestational diabetes, Gestational sac, Glucose tolerance test, Gonorrhea, Gynaecology, ..., HELLP syndrome, Hematocrit, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Henry Jacques Garrigues, Hepatitis B, HIV, Hospital, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Hydrops fetalis, Hypercoagulability in pregnancy, Hypertension, Ignaz Semmelweis, Infant, Infant respiratory distress syndrome, Intercurrent disease in pregnancy, Ionizing radiation, J. Marion Sims, Jules-Émile Péan, Karyotype, Lecithin, Local anesthesia, Lochia, Lying-in, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mantoux test, Maternal death, Maternal–fetal medicine, Maternity hospital, Medical Act 1858, Midwife, Midwifery, Miscarriage, Misoprostol, Multiple birth, Neonatal lupus erythematosus, Nitrous oxide, Nonstress test, Nurse anesthetist, Obstetric ultrasonography, Obstetrical bleeding, Obstetrical forceps, Obstetrical nursing, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Occupational segregation, Opiate, Oxytocin, Pap test, Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling, Pessary, Placenta, Placenta praevia, Placental abruption, Postpartum bleeding, Postpartum infections, Postpartum period, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, Prostaglandin, Radiation, Rapid plasma reagin, Retained placenta, Rubella, Shoulder dystocia, Soranus of Ephesus, Specialty (medicine), Sphingomyelin, Streptococcus agalactiae, Surfactant, Syphilis, Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy, Teratology, Thomas Spencer Wells, Thrombophilia, Thrombosis, Thyroid disease in pregnancy, Tuberculosis, Umbilical cord, Umbilical cord prolapse, Urinary bladder, Uterine atony, Uterine rupture, Uterus, Vaginal delivery, Vesicovaginal fistula, X-ray, Yolk sac, 3D ultrasound. Expand index (88 more) »
Activin and inhibin
Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects.
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Alpha-fetoprotein
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene.
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Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis (also referred to as amniotic fluid test or AFT) is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, and also for sex determination, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and then the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities.
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Amniotic sac
The amniotic sac, commonly called the bag of waters, sometimes the membranes, is the sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes.
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Anarcha Westcott
Anarcha Westcott was a slave and one of the three (out of a total of eleven) known enslaved women were experimented on and exploited by Dr. J. Marion Sims.
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Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
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Anesthesia
In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.
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Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology (spelled anaesthesiology in UK English), called anaesthetics in UK English according to some sources but not according to others, is the medical speciality concerned with anesthesia (loss of sensation) and anesthetics (substances that cause this loss).
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Antiseptic
Antiseptics (from Greek ἀντί anti, "against" and σηπτικός sēptikos, "putrefactive") are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.
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Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).
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Auguste Nélaton
Auguste Nélaton (17 June 1807 – 21 September 1873) was a French physician and surgeon.
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Biophysical profile
A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, with the score being termed Manning's score. It is often done when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive, or for other obstetrical indications.
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Bleeding
Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.
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Blood type
A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
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Caesarean section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver one or more babies.
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Cardiotocography
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy.
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Charles Clay (surgeon)
Charles Clay (27 December 1801 – 18 September 1893) was an English surgeon, called the "Father of Ovariotomy".
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Childbirth
Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or C-section.
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Chlamydia (genus)
Chlamydia is a genus of pathogenic bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites.
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Chorionic villus sampling
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), sometimes called "chorionic villous sampling" (as "villous" is the adjectival form of the word "villus"), is a form of prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus.
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Clinical urine tests
Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes.
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Coitus interruptus
Coitus interruptus, also known as the rejected sexual intercourse, withdrawal or pull-out method, is a method of birth control in which a man, during sexual intercourse, withdraws his penis from a woman's vagina prior to orgasm (and ejaculation) and then directs his ejaculate (semen) away from the vagina in an effort to avoid insemination.
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College of Physicians and Surgeons
There are several educational institutions that are called the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
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Complete blood count
A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals.
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Complications of pregnancy
Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.
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Contraction stress test
A contraction stress test (CST) is performed near the end of pregnancy to determine how well the fetus will cope with the contractions of childbirth.
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CT scan
A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
For pregnant women with diabetes mellitus some particular challenges for both mother and child.
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels.
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Eclampsia
Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia.
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Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
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Endothelium
Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
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Ephraim McDowell
Ephraim McDowell (November 11, 1771 – June 25, 1830) was an American physician and pioneer surgeon.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Estriol
Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Eugène Koeberlé
Eugène Koeberlé (4 January 1828, Sélestat - 13 June 1915, Strasbourg) was a French surgeon to the Faculté de médecine in Strasbourg, earning his agrégation in 1853.
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Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring.
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Fetal distress
In medicine (obstetrics), the term fetal distress refers to the presence of signs in a pregnant woman—before or during childbirth—that suggest that the fetus may not be well.
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Fetal pole
The fetal pole is a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac of a fetus during pregnancy.
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Fetus
A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.
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Foley catheter
In urology, a Foley catheter (named for Frederic Foley, who produced the original design in 1929) is a flexible tube which a clinician passes through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Gestational age
Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available.
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Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
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Gestational sac
The gestational sac is the large cavity of fluid surrounding the embryo.
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Glucose tolerance test
The glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood.
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Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea, also spelled gonorrhoea, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Gynaecology
Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts.
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HELLP syndrome
HELLP syndrome is a well-known variant of pre-eclampsia pregnancy complication.
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Hematocrit
The hematocrit (Ht or HCT), also known by several other names, is the volume percentage (vol%) of red blood cells in blood.
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a peripartum fetus, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.
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Henry Jacques Garrigues
Henry Jacques Garrigues (June 6, 1831 July 7, 1913) was a Danish-born American doctor considered to have introduced antiseptic obstetrics to the United States.
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Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.
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HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.
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Hydrops fetalis
Hydrops fetalis is a condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments.
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Hypercoagulability in pregnancy
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy is the propensity of pregnant women to develop thrombosis (blood clots).
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician of ethnic-German ancestry, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures.
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Infant
An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.
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Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
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Intercurrent disease in pregnancy
An intercurrent (or concurrent, concomitant or, in most cases, pre-existing) disease in pregnancy is a disease that is not directly caused by the pregnancy (in contrast to a complication of pregnancy), but which may become worse or be a potential risk to the pregnancy (such as causing pregnancy complications).
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Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.
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J. Marion Sims
James Marion Sims (January 25, 1813 – November 13, 1883) was an American physician and a pioneer in the field of surgery, known as the "father of modern gynecology".
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Jules-Émile Péan
Jules-Émile Péan (29 November 1830 – 20 January 1898) was one of the great French surgeons of the 19th century.
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Karyotype
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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Lecithin
Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.
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Local anesthesia
Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well.
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Lochia
In the field of obstetrics, lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth (puerperium) containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue.
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Lying-in
Lying-in (or confinement) is an old childbirth practice involving a woman having a period of bed rest in the postpartum period, i.e. after giving birth.
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Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.
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Mantoux test
The Mantoux test or Mendel-Mantoux test (also known as the Mantoux screening test, tuberculin sensitivity test, Pirquet test, or PPD test for purified protein derivative) is a tool for screening for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculosis diagnosis.
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Maternal death
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes." There are two performance indicators that are sometimes used interchangeably: maternal mortality ratio and maternal mortality rate, which confusingly both are abbreviated "MMR".
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Maternal–fetal medicine
Maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) (also known as perinatology) is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy.
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Maternity hospital
A maternity hospital specializes in caring for women during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Medical Act 1858
The Medical Act (21 & 22 Vict c 90), An Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery, also referred to as the Medical Act 1858, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the General Medical Council to regulate doctors in the UK.
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Midwife
A midwife is a professional in midwifery, specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, women's sexual and reproductive health (including annual gynecological exams, family planning, menopausal care and others), and newborn care.
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Midwifery
Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives.
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Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
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Misoprostol
Misoprostol, sold under the brandname Cytotec among others, is a medication used to start labor, cause an abortion, prevent and treat stomach ulcers, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus.
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Multiple birth
A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring.
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Neonatal lupus erythematosus
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is the occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) symptoms in an infant born from a mother with SLE, most commonly presenting with a rash resembling subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and sometimes with systemic abnormalities such as complete heart block or hepatosplenomegaly.
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Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.
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Nonstress test
A nonstress test (NST) is a screening test used in pregnancy.
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Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is a registered nurse (RN) with advanced educational credentials and significant clinical training (Sines).
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Obstetric ultrasonography
Obstetric ultrasonography is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb).
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Obstetrical bleeding
Obstetrical bleeding also known as obstetrical hemorrhage and maternal hemorrhage, refers to heavy bleeding during pregnancy, labor, or the postpartum period.
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Obstetrical forceps
Obstetrical Forceps is an instrument that can be used to assist the delivery of a baby as an alternative to the ventouse (vacuum extraction) method.
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Obstetrical nursing
Obstetrical nursing, also called perinatal nursing, is a nursing specialty that works with patients who are attempting to become pregnant, are currently pregnant, or have recently delivered.
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Obstetrics and gynaecology
Obstetrics and gynecology (commonly known as OB-GYN, OBG, O&G or obs and gynae in the USA, and referred to as gynae in the UK) is the medical specialty that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (obstetrics) and the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts (gynecology).
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Occupational segregation
Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender.
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Opiate
Opiate is a term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium.
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Oxytocin
Oxytocin (Oxt) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.
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Pap test
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear, cervical smear, or smear test) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb).
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Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling
For other uses see PUBS (disambiguation page) Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that examines blood from the fetal umbilical cord to detect fetal abnormalities.
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Pessary
A pessary is a prosthetic device inserted into the vagina to reduce the protrusion of pelvic structures into the vagina.
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Placenta
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
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Placenta praevia
Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but near or over the cervical opening.
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Placental abruption
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth.
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Postpartum bleeding
Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood within the first 24 hours following childbirth.
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Postpartum infections
Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage.
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Postpartum period
A postpartum (or postnatal) period begins immediately after the birth of a child as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state.
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Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
Pappalysin-1, also known as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, is a protein encoded by the PAPPA gene in humans.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Rapid plasma reagin
The rapid plasma reagin test (RPR test or RPR titer) is a type of rapid diagnostic test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate a syphilis infection.
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Retained placenta
Retained placenta is a condition in which all or part of the placenta or membranes remain in the uterus during the third stage of labour.
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Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus.
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Shoulder dystocia
Shoulder dystocia is a specific case of obstructed labour whereby after the delivery of the head, the anterior shoulder of the infant cannot pass below, or requires significant manipulation to pass below, the pubic symphysis.
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Soranus of Ephesus
Soranus of Ephesus (Σωρανός ὁ Ἑφέσιος; 1st/2nd century AD) was a Greek physician.
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Specialty (medicine)
A specialty, or speciality, in medicine is a branch of medical practice.
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Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons.
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Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus).
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Surfactant
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid.
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Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy
For women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pregnancy can present some particular challenges for both mother and child.
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Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.
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Thomas Spencer Wells
Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, 1st Baronet (3 February 1818 – 31 January 1897) was surgeon to Queen Victoria, a medical professor and president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
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Thrombophilia
Thrombophilia (sometimes hypercoagulability or a prothrombotic state) is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis (blood clots in blood vessels).
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Thrombosis
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
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Thyroid disease in pregnancy
Thyroid disease in pregnancy can affect the health of the mother as well as the child before and after delivery.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Umbilical cord
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta.
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Umbilical cord prolapse
Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the fetus.
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Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
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Uterine atony
Uterine atony is a loss of tone in the uterine musculature.
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Uterine rupture
Uterine rupture is a serious event during childbirth by which the integrity of the myometrial wall is breached.
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Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.
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Vaginal delivery
A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring (babies in humans) in mammals through the vagina.
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Vesicovaginal fistula
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a subtype of female urogenital fistula (UGF).
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X-ray
X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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Yolk sac
The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, formed by cells of the hypoblast adjacent to the embryonic disk.
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3D ultrasound
3D ultrasound is a medical ultrasound technique, often used in fetal, cardiac, trans-rectal and intra-vascular applications.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics
