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Foreign government advisors in Meiji Japan

Index Foreign government advisors in Meiji Japan

The foreign government advisors in Meiji Japan, known in Japanese as oyatoi gaikokujin (Kyūjitai: 御雇ひ外國人, Shinjitai: 御雇い外国人, "hired foreigners"), were those foreign advisors hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji period. [1]

109 relations: Albert Mosse, Alice Mabel Bacon, Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder, Antonio Fontanesi, Archibald Lucius Douglas, Baseball, Basil Hall Chamberlain, Benjamin Smith Lyman, Cargill Gilston Knott, Charles Dickinson West, Charles Otis Whitman, Christian, Curt Netto, David Murray (educator), Edmund Morel (railway engineer), Edoardo Chiossone, Education in Japan, Edward Bramwell Clarke, Edward S. Morse, Edwin Dun, Ernest Fenollosa, Erwin Bälz, Extraterritoriality, Foreign cemeteries in Japan, Foreign relations of Japan, France–Japan relations, France–Japan relations (19th century), Francis Brinkley, Franz Eckert, Gaijin, Georg Michaelis, George Arnold Escher, Georges Appert, Georges Hilaire Bousquet, Germany–Japan relations, Government of Japan, Guido Verbeck, Gustave Boissonade, Heinrich Botho Scheube, Heinrich Edmund Naumann, Heinrich Waentig, Henry Dyer, Henry Spencer Palmer, Henry Walton Grinnell, Henry Willard Denison, Hermann Ende, Hermann Roesler, Horace Capron, Horace Wilson (professor), Horatio Nelson Lay, ..., Jakob Meckel, James Alfred Ewing, James Summers, Japan, Japan–United Kingdom relations, Japan–United States relations, Japanese language, Japanese yen, Jean Francisque Coignet, Jeremiah Richard Wasson, Johannes Ludwig Janson, Johannis de Rijke, John Alexander Low Waddell, John Milne, John William Fenton, Josiah Conder (architect), Jules Brunet, Julius Scriba, Karl Rathgen, Kobe, Kyūjitai, Lafcadio Hearn, Léonce Verny, Leroy Lansing Janes, Ludwig Riess, Luther Whiting Mason, Marion McCarrell Scott, Max Fesca, Meiji period, Missionary, Modernization theory, Oscar Loew, Oskar Kellner, Otfried Nippold, Ottmar von Mohl, Professional sports, Raphael von Koeber, Richard Henry Brunton, Romanization of Japanese, Rudolf Dittrich, Russians in Japan, Seismology, Shinjitai, Technology transfer, Thomas Blake Glover, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, Thomas Waters, Tokugawa shogunate, Viktor Holtz, Vincenzo Ragusa, W. K. Burton, Wilhelm Böckmann, William Edward Ayrton, William Elliot Griffis, William Gowland, William P. Brooks, William S. Clark, Yokohama, Yokosuka Naval Arsenal. Expand index (59 more) »

Albert Mosse

Isaac Albert Mosse (1 October 1846 – 31 May 1925) was a German judge and legal scholar.

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Alice Mabel Bacon

Alice Mabel Bacon (February 26, 1858 – May 1, 1918) was an American writer, women's educator and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in Meiji period Japan.

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Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder

Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder (28 April 1848 – 6 March 1901) was a Dutch engineer and foreign advisor specializing in hydraulic engineering in Meiji period Empire of Japan.

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Antonio Fontanesi

Antonio Fontanesi (23 February 1818 – 17 April 1882) was an Italian painter who lived in Meiji period Japan between 1876 and 1878.

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Archibald Lucius Douglas

Admiral Sir Archibald Lucius Douglas, (8 February 1842 – 12 March 1913) was a Royal Navy officer of the 19th century.

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Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding.

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Basil Hall Chamberlain

Basil Hall Chamberlain (18 October 1850 – 15 February 1935) was a professor of Japanese at Tokyo Imperial University and one of the foremost British Japanologists active in Japan during the late 19th century.

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Benjamin Smith Lyman

Benjamin Smith Lyman (11 December 1835 – 30 August 1920) was an American mining engineer, surveyor, and an amateur linguist and anthropologist.

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Cargill Gilston Knott

Prof Cargill Gilston Knott FRS, FRSE LLD (30 June 1856 – 26 October 1922) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was a pioneer in seismological research.

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Charles Dickinson West

Charles Dickinson West (January 1847 – 10 January 1908) was an Irish mechanical engineer and naval architect, who worked for many years at the Imperial College of Engineering, in Meiji era Japan.

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Charles Otis Whitman

Charles Otis Whitman (December 6, 1842 – December 14, 1910) was an American zoologist, who was influential to the founding of classical ethology.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Curt Netto

Curt Adolph Netto (August 21, 1847 – February 7, 1909) was a German metallurgist and educator.

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David Murray (educator)

was an American educator and government adviser in Meiji period Japan.

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Edmund Morel (railway engineer)

Edmund Morel (17 November 1840 – 5 November 1871) was a British civil engineer who was engaged in railway construction in many countries, including New Zealand, Australia, and Japan.

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Edoardo Chiossone

Edoardo Chiossone (January 21, 1833 - April 11, 1898) was an Italian engraver and painter, noted for his work as a foreign advisor to Meiji period Japan, and for his collection of Japanese art.

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Education in Japan

Education in Japan is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels.

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Edward Bramwell Clarke

Edward Bramwell Clarke (31 January 1874 – 28 April 1934) was an educator in Meiji period Japan, who is credited with introducing the sport of rugby to Japan.

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Edward S. Morse

Edward Sylvester Morse (June 18, 1838 – December 20, 1925) was an American zoologist and orientalist.

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Edwin Dun

Edwin Dun (June 19, 1848 – May 15, 1931) was a rancher from Ohio who was employed as an o-yatoi gaikokujin in Hokkaidō by the Hokkaidō Development Commission (Kaitakushi) and advised the Japanese government on modernizing agricultural techniques during the Meiji modernization period.

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Ernest Fenollosa

Ernest Francisco Fenollosa (February 18, 1853 – September 21, 1908) was an American art historian of Japanese art, professor of philosophy and political economy at Tokyo Imperial University.

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Erwin Bälz

Erwin Bälz (13 January 1849 – 31 August 1913) was a German internist, anthropologist, personal physician to the Japanese Imperial Family and cofounder of modern western medicine in Japan.

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Extraterritoriality

Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.

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Foreign cemeteries in Japan

in Japan are chiefly located in Tokyo and at the former treaty ports of Kobe, Hakodate, Nagasaki, and Yokohama.

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Foreign relations of Japan

The are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

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France–Japan relations

The history of relations between France and Japan goes back to the early 17th century, when a Japanese samurai and ambassador on his way to Rome landed for a few days in Saint-Tropez and created a sensation.

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France–Japan relations (19th century)

The development of France-Japan relations in the 19th century coincided with Japan's opening to the Western world, following two centuries of seclusion under the "Sakoku" system and France's expansionist policy in Asia.

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Francis Brinkley

Francis Brinkley (30 December 1841 – 12 October 1912) was an Anglo-Irish newspaper owner, editor and scholar who resided in Meiji period Japan for over 40 years, where he was the author of numerous books on Japanese culture, art and architecture, and an English-Japanese Dictionary.

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Franz Eckert

Franz Eckert (April 5, 1852August 6, 1916) was a German composer and musician who composed the harmony for Japan's national anthem, "Kimigayo" and the anthem of the Korean Empire, "Aegukga".

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Gaijin

is a Japanese word for foreigners and non-Japanese.

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Georg Michaelis

Georg Michaelis (8 September 1857 – 24 July 1936) was Chancellor of Germany for a few months in 1917.

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George Arnold Escher

George Arnold Escher (10 May 1843 – 14 June 1939) was a Dutch civil engineer and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government during the Meiji period.

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Georges Appert

Georges Appert (1850–1934) was a French historian, academic, writer and Japanologist.

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Georges Hilaire Bousquet

Georges Hilaire Bousquet (March 3, 1845 – January 15, 1937) was a French legal scholar who contributed to the development of the legal codes of the Empire of Japan.

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Germany–Japan relations

The relations between Germany and Japan (Nichidokukankei, Deutsch-japanische Beziehungen) were officially established in 1861 with the first ambassadorial visit to Japan from Prussia (which predated the formation of the German Empire in 1866/1870).

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Government of Japan

The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties.

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Guido Verbeck

Guido Herman Fridolin Verbeck (born Verbeek) (23 January 1830 – 10 March 1898) was a Dutch political advisor, educator, and missionary active in Bakumatsu and Meiji period Japan.

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Gustave Boissonade

Gustave Émile Boissonade de Fontarabie (7 June 1825 – 27 June 1910) was a French legal scholar, responsible for drafting much of Japan's civil code during the Meiji Era, and honored as one of the founders of modern Japan's legal system.

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Heinrich Botho Scheube

Heinrich Botho Scheube (August 18, 1853 – 4 March 1923) was a German physician born in Zeitz.

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Heinrich Edmund Naumann

Heinrich Edmund Naumann (September 11, 1854 – February 1, 1927) was a German geologist, regarded as the "father of Japanese geology" in Meiji period Japan.

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Heinrich Waentig

Heinrich Eugen Waentig (21 March 1870 – 22 December 1943) was a German economist and politician.

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Henry Dyer

Henry Dyer (23 August 1848 – 25 September 1918) was a Scottish engineer who contributed much to founding Western-style technical education in Japan and Anglo-Japanese relations.

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Henry Spencer Palmer

Major General Henry Spencer Palmer (30 April 1838 – 10 February 1893) was a British army military engineer and surveyor, noted for his work in developing Yokohama harbor in the Empire of Japan as a foreign advisor to the Japanese government.

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Henry Walton Grinnell

Henry Walton Grinnell (November 19, 1843 – September 2, 1920), known as Walton Grinnell, was a naval veteran of the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War.

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Henry Willard Denison

Henry Willard Denison (May 11, 1846 – July 3, 1914) was an American diplomat and lawyer, active in Meiji period Japan.

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Hermann Ende

Hermann Gustav Louis Ende (4 March 1829 – 10 August 1907) was a German architect noted for his work in Germany, Japan and elsewhere.

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Hermann Roesler

Carl Friedrich Hermann Roesler (18 December 1834 – 2 December 1894) was a German legal scholar, economist, and foreign advisor to the Meiji period Empire of Japan.

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Horace Capron

Horace Capron (August 31, 1804 – February 22, 1885) was an American businessman and agriculturalist, a founder of Laurel, Maryland, a Union officer in the American Civil War, the United States Commissioner of Agriculture under U.S. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, and an advisor to Japan's Hokkaidō Development Commission.

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Horace Wilson (professor)

Horace Wilson (February 10, 1843 – March 4, 1927) was an American expatriate educator in late 19th century Empire of Japan.

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Horatio Nelson Lay

Horatio Nelson Lay (23 January 1832 – 4 May 1898, Forest Hill, Kent, England) was a British diplomat, noted for his role in the ill-fated "Lay-Osborn Flotilla" during the Taiping Rebellion.

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Jakob Meckel

Klemens Wilhelm Jacob Meckel (28 March 1842 – 5 July 1905) was a general in the Prussian army and foreign advisor to the government of Meiji period Japan.

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James Alfred Ewing

Sir James Alfred Ewing KCB FRS FRSE MInstitCE (27 March 1855 − 7 January 1935) was a Scottish physicist and engineer, best known for his work on the magnetic properties of metals and, in particular, for his discovery of, and coinage of the word, hysteresis.

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James Summers

James A. Summers (5 June 1828 – 1 February 1891) was a British scholar of English literature, hired by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to establish an English language curriculum at the Kaisei Gakuin (the forerunner of Tokyo Imperial University in 1873).

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japan–United Kingdom relations

are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between Japan and the United Kingdom.

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Japan–United States relations

refers to international relations between Japan and the United States of America.

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Japanese language

is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.

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Japanese yen

The is the official currency of Japan.

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Jean Francisque Coignet

Jean Francisque Coignet (1835 – 18 June 1902) was a French mining engineer and government advisor in Bakumatsu and Meiji period Japan noted for his modernization of the Ikuno Silver Mine at Ikuno, Hyōgo Prefecture, near Kobe.

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Jeremiah Richard Wasson

Jeremiah Richard Wasson (1855–1913) was an American hired by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan as an foreign advisor to help train and develop the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army.

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Johannes Ludwig Janson

Johannes Ludwig Janson (1 September 1849 – 28 October 1914) was a German specialist in veterinary science.

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Johannis de Rijke

Johannis de Rijke (December 5, 1842 – January 20, 1913) was a Dutch civil engineer and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in Meiji period Japan.

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John Alexander Low Waddell

John Alexander Low Waddell (1854 – March 3, 1938, often shortened to J.A.L. Waddell and sometimes known as John Alexander Waddell) was an American civil engineer and prolific bridge designer, with more than a thousand structures to his credit in the United States, Canada, as well as Mexico, Russia, China, Japan, and New Zealand.

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John Milne

John Milne (30 December 1850 – 31 July 1913) was a British geologist and mining engineer who worked on a horizontal seismograph.

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John William Fenton

John William Fenton (12 March 1828 – 28 April 1890) was an Irish musician of Scottish descent and the leader of a military band in Japan at the start of the Meiji period.

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Josiah Conder (architect)

Josiah Conder (28 September 1852 – 21 June 1920) was a British architect who worked as a foreign adviser to the government of Meiji period Japan.

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Jules Brunet

Jules Brunet (2 January 1838 – 12 August 1911) was a French Army officer who played a famous role in the Japanese Boshin War.

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Julius Scriba

Julius Karl Scriba (5 June 1848 – 3 January 1905) was a German surgeon serving as a foreign advisor in Meiji period Japan, where he was an important contributor to the development of Western medicine in Japan.

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Karl Rathgen

Karl Rathgen (December 6, 1856, Weimar - November 4, 1921, Hamburg) was a German Economist.

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Kobe

is the sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture.

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Kyūjitai

, are the traditional forms of kanji, Chinese written characters used in Japanese.

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Lafcadio Hearn

Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χερν; 27 June 1850 – 26 September 1904), known also by the Japanese name, was a writer, known best for his books about Japan, especially his collections of Japanese legends and ghost stories, such as Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.

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Léonce Verny

François Léonce Verny, (2 December 1837 – 2 May 1908) was a French officer and naval engineerSims, Richard.

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Leroy Lansing Janes

Leroy Lansing Janes (1838–1909) was an American educator, hired by Kumamoto Domain in early Meiji period Japan.

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Ludwig Riess

Ludwig Riess (December 1, 1861 – December 27, 1928) was a German-born historian and educator, noted for his work in late 19th century Japan.

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Luther Whiting Mason

Luther Whiting Mason (3 April 1818 – 14 July 1896) was an American music educator who was hired by the Meiji period government of Japan as a foreign advisor to introduce Western classical music into the Japanese educational curriculum.

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Marion McCarrell Scott

Marion McCarrell Scott (21 August 1843 - 23 May 1922) was an American educator and government advisor in Meiji period Japan.

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Max Fesca

Max Fesca (31 March 1846 – 31 October 1917) was a German specialist in agricultural science and agronomy, hired by the Meiji government of Japan as a foreign advisor from 1882-1894.

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Meiji period

The, also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from October 23, 1868, to July 30, 1912.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Modernization theory

Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies.

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Oscar Loew

Oscar Loew (2 April 1844 – 26 January 1941) was a German agricultural chemist, active in Germany, the United States, and Japan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Oskar Kellner

Oskar (Oscar) Johann Kellner (13 May 1851, Tillowitz, Upper Silesia - 12 September 1911, Karlsruhe) was a German agricultural scientist (Agrikulturchemiker, Tierphysiologe).

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Otfried Nippold

Otfried Nippold (May 21, 1864 – July 27, 1938) was a German–Swiss jurist, pacifist and internationalist.

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Ottmar von Mohl

Ottmar von Mohl (17 January 1846 – 23 March 1922) was a German diplomat and government advisor in Meiji period Japan.

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Professional sports

Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance.

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Raphael von Koeber

Raphael von Koeber (Рафаэль Густавович фон Кёбер, January 15, 1848 in Nizhny Novgorod - June 14, 1923 in Yokohama) was a notable Russian-German teacher of philosophy at the Tokyo Imperial University in Japan.

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Richard Henry Brunton

Richard Henry Brunton FRGS MICE (26 December 1841 – 24 April 1901) was the so-called "Father of Japanese lighthouses".

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Romanization of Japanese

The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language.

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Rudolf Dittrich

Rudolf Dittrich (April 25, 1861 – January 16, 1919) was an Austrian musician.

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Russians in Japan

The first recorded landing of Russians in Japan (在日ロシア人 Zai-Nichi Roshia-jin) was in 1739 in Kamogawa, Chiba during the times of Japanese seclusion of the Edo period, not counting landings in Hokkaidō, which was not under Japanese administration at these times.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.

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Shinjitai

are the simplified forms of kanji used in Japan since the promulgation of the Tōyō Kanji List in 1946.

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Technology transfer

Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the places and ingroups of its origination to wider distribution among more people and places.

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Thomas Blake Glover

Thomas Blake Glover (6 June 1838 – 16 December 1911) was a Scottish merchant in Bakumatsu and Meiji period Japan.

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Thomas Corwin Mendenhall

Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 – March 23, 1924) was an American autodidact physicist and meteorologist.

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Thomas Waters

Thomas James Waters (July 17, 1842 – February 5, 1898) was an Irish civil engineer and architect.

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Tokugawa shogunate

The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1600 and 1868.

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Viktor Holtz

Viktor Holtz (3 May 1846 – 3 September 1919) was a German educator and a pioneer of German-Japanese academic and cultural relations.

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Vincenzo Ragusa

Vincenzo Ragusa (8 July 1841 – 13 March 1927) was an Italian sculptor who lived in Meiji period Japan from 1876–1882.

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W. K. Burton

William Kinnimond Burton (11 May 1856 – 5 August 1899) was a British engineer, photographer and photography writer, born in Edinburgh, Scotland, who lived most of his career in Meiji period Japan.

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Wilhelm Böckmann

Wilhelm Böckmann (January 29, 1832 – October 22, 1902) was a German architect who worked briefly as a foreign advisor to the government of Meiji period Japan.

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William Edward Ayrton

William Edward Ayrton, FRS (14 September 18478 November 1908) was an English physicist and electrical engineer.

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William Elliot Griffis

William Elliot Griffis (September 17, 1843 – February 5, 1928) was an American orientalist, Congregational minister, lecturer, and prolific author.

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William Gowland

William Gowland (16 December 1842 – 9 June 1922) was an English mining engineer who carried out archaeological work at Stonehenge and in Japan.

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William P. Brooks

William Penn Brooks (November 19, 1851 – March 8, 1938) was an American agricultural scientist, who worked as a foreign advisor in Meiji period Japan during the colonization project for Hokkaidō.

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William S. Clark

William Smith Clark (July 31, 1826 – March 9, 1886) was an American professor of chemistry, botany and zoology, a colonel during the American Civil War, and a leader in agricultural education.

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Yokohama

, literally "Port to the side" or "Beside the port", is the second largest city in Japan by population, after Tokyo, and the most populous municipality of Japan.

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Yokosuka Naval Arsenal

was one of four principal naval shipyards owned and operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy, and was located at Yokosuka, Kanagawa prefecture on Tokyo Bay, south of Yokohama.

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Redirects here:

Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji period Japan, Foreign employees, Hired foreigners, O-yatoi gaikokujin, Oiatoi gaikokujin, Oyatoi gaikokujin, 御雇ひ外國人.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_government_advisors_in_Meiji_Japan

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