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165 relations: Aleph, All Nippon Airways Flight 857, Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist), Anime, Anthrax, Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo, Arabic alphabet, Armageddon, Assassination, Automatic rifle, Banjawarn Station, Bible prophecy, Biological warfare, Book of Revelation, British royal family, Buddhism, Buddhism in Japan, Canada, Capital punishment in Japan, Cell culture, Center for a New American Security, Chemical weapon, Christ (title), Christianity, Continuum International Publishing Group, Cult, David Kaplan (author), Doomsday cult, Dutch people, Ebola virus disease, Electroconvulsive therapy, End time, Extortion, Federal Security Service, Fertilizer, Foundation series, Freedom of religion in Japan, Freemasonry, Fumihiro Joyu, Greenwood Publishing Group, Guhyasamāja Tantra, Hallucinogen, Happy Science, Haruki Murakami, Hebrew alphabet, Hideo Murai, Hikari no Wa, Hinduism, Hiroshi Nakamura (dissident), History of Buddhism in India, ..., Hydrogen cyanide, Ikuo Hayashi, IMDb, Intentional community, Investigative Committee of Russia, Isaac Asimov, Japan, Japanese language, Japanese new religions, Jews, Jiji Press, Juridical person, Kamikuishiki, Yamanashi, Kanji, Karaoke, Kazakhstan, Kōki Ishii, Kyodo News, Lake Kawaguchi, Lamb of God, Lawsuit, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of designated terrorist groups, List of people claimed to be Jesus, Loudspeaker, Lysergic acid diethylamide, M. E. Sharpe, Mainichi Shimbun, Manga, Marc Sageman, Masaki Kito, Matsumoto sarin attack, Matsumoto, Nagano, Meditation, Mercedes-Benz, Methamphetamine, Metropolis (free magazine), Microwave, Mil Mi-17, Millenarianism, Minivan, Moscow, Mount Fuji, Nagano, Nagano, National Diet, National Health Insurance (Japan), National Police Agency (Japan), New religious movement, North Korea, Nostradamus, Nuclear weapon, Om, Organophosphate, Osaka, Oxford University Press, Pali, Phoenician alphabet, Phowa, Political party, Prefecture, Princeton University Press, Protection of sources, Public Security Intelligence Agency, RAND Corporation, Random House, Religion in Japan, Religious organization, Richard Danzig, Robert Jay Lifton, Russia, Rutgers University Press, Saint Petersburg, Sakamoto family murder, Salvation, Sankei Shimbun, Sanskrit, Sarin, Sermon, Shibuya, Shinjuku Station, Shiva, Shoko Asahara, Sin, Sino-Xenic pronunciations, Soka Gakkai, Surveillance, Sutra, Syncretism, TASS, Terrorism, The Beast (Revelation), The Guardian, The Japan Times, Three Ages of Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Tokyo, Tokyo subway, Tokyo subway sarin attack, Tomomitsu Niimi, Truth serum, Underground (Murakami book), United States, Universe, University of Hawaii Press, Uyoku dantai, Vajrayana, VX (nerve agent), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Yamaguchi-gumi, Yoga, Yokohama, Yoshihiro Yasuda, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki Kōno (victim), Yukio Aoshima. Expand index (115 more) »
Aleph
Aleph (or alef or alif) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician 'Ālep 𐤀, Hebrew 'Ālef א, Aramaic Ālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾĀlap̄ ܐ, Arabic ا, Urdu ا, and Persian.
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All Nippon Airways Flight 857
All Nippon Airways Flight 857 was a scheduled flight from Tokyo Haneda Airport to Hakodate Airport that was hijacked by a lone individual on June 21, 1995.
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Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist)
Andrew R.C. Marshall (born 1967) is a British journalist and author living in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Anime
Anime is a style of hand-drawn and computer animation originating in, and commonly associated with, Japan.
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Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
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Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo
is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods of Tokyo, located in the northwest portion of Minato Ward.
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Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الأَبْجَدِيَّة العَرَبِيَّة, or الحُرُوف العَرَبِيَّة) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing Arabic.
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Armageddon
According to the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Bible, Armageddon (from Ἁρμαγεδών Harmagedōn, Late Latin: Armagedōn, from Hebrew: Har Megiddo) is the prophesied location of a gathering of armies for a battle during the end times, variously interpreted as either a literal or a symbolic location.
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Assassination
Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.
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Automatic rifle
An automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that is capable of automatic fire.
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Banjawarn Station
Banjawarn Station is a remote cattle station that previously operated as a sheep station in Western Australia.
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Bible prophecy
Bible prophecy or biblical prophecy comprises the passages of the Bible that reflect communications from God to humans through prophets.
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Biological warfare
Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
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Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation or Apocalypse (and often misquoted as Revelations), is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology.
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British royal family
The British royal family comprises Queen Elizabeth II and her close relations.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism in Japan has been practiced since its official introduction in 552 CE according to the Nihon Shoki from Baekje, Korea, by Buddhist monks.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Capital punishment in Japan
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Japan.
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Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment.
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Center for a New American Security
The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank established in 2007 by co-founders Michèle Flournoy and Kurt M. Campbell.
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Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
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Christ (title)
In Christianity, Christ (Greek Χριστός, Christós, meaning "the anointed one") is a title for the saviour and redeemer who would bring salvation to the Jewish people and humanity.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.
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Cult
The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by its religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal.
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David Kaplan (author)
David E. Kaplan (born 1955) is an investigative reporter and former director of the Center for Public Integrity's International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
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Doomsday cult
Doomsday cult is an expression used to describe groups who believe in apocalypticism and millenarianism, and can refer both to groups that predict disaster, and to those that attempt to bring it about.
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Dutch people
The Dutch (Dutch), occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, "Nederlanders"—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands.
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Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.
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Electroconvulsive therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, and often referred to as shock treatment, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from mental disorders.
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End time
The end time (also called end times, end of time, end of days, last days, final days, or eschaton) is a future time-period described variously in the eschatologies of several world religions (both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic), which believe that world events will reach a final climax.
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Extortion
Extortion (also called shakedown, outwrestling and exaction) is a criminal offense of obtaining money, property, or services from an individual or institution, through coercion.
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Federal Security Service
The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB; fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə ˈsluʐbə bʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪ rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjɪ) is the principal security agency of Russia and the main successor agency to the USSR's Committee of State Security (KGB).
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Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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Foundation series
The Foundation series is a science fiction book series written by American author Isaac Asimov.
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Freedom of religion in Japan
The Article 20 of the Japanese Constitution provides for freedom of religion in Japan, and the government generally respects this right in practice.
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Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.
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Fumihiro Joyu
is a former spokesperson and public relations manager of the controversial Japanese Buddhist group Aum Shinrikyo, and served as the de facto chief of the organization from 1999 to 2007, when he split and formed a new group.
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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Guhyasamāja Tantra
The Guhyasamāja Tantra (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud (Toh 442); Tantra of the Secret Community) is one of the most important scriptures of Tantric Buddhism.
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Hallucinogen
A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.
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Happy Science
, formerly known as The Institute for Research in Human Happiness, is a controversial new religious and spiritual movement, founded in Japan on 6 October 1986 by Ryuho Okawa, that is widely criticized as a cult.
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Haruki Murakami
is a Japanese writer.
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Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language, also adapted as an alphabet script in the writing of other Jewish languages, most notably in Yiddish (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-German), Djudío (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-Spanish), and Judeo-Arabic.
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Hideo Murai
Hideo Murai (村井 秀夫 Murai Hideo, December 5, 1958 - April 23, 1995) was a member of the Aum Shinrikyo cult and one of the perpetrators responsible for the Sakamoto family murder.
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Hikari no Wa
is a breakaway group started in 2007 by (the previous spokesperson and public relations manager of the Japanese Buddhist new religious group and doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo), Manon Larue, and his son Antoine Larue.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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Hiroshi Nakamura (dissident)
is a Japanese dissident.
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History of Buddhism in India
Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One").
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Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HCN.
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Ikuo Hayashi
is a former Aum Shinrikyo member convicted for his participation in the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway.
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IMDb
IMDb, also known as Internet Movie Database, is an online database of information related to world films, television programs, home videos and video games, and internet streams, including cast, production crew and personnel biographies, plot summaries, trivia, and fan reviews and ratings.
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Intentional community
An intentional community is a planned residential community designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork.
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Investigative Committee of Russia
The Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation (Следственный комитет Российской Федерации) has since January 2011 been the main federal investigating authority in Russia.
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Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Japanese language
is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.
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Japanese new religions
Japanese new religions are new religious movements established in Japan.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Jiji Press
Jiji Press Ltd. (株式会社 時事通信社 Kabushiki gaisha Jiji Tsūshinsha) is a news agency in Japan.
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Juridical person
A juridical person is a non-human legal entity, in other words any organization that is not a single natural person but is authorized by law with duties and rights and is recognized as a legal person and as having a distinct identity.
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Kamikuishiki, Yamanashi
was a village located in Nishiyatsushiro District, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.
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Kanji
Kanji (漢字) are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the Japanese writing system.
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Karaoke
Karaoke, is a form of interactive entertainment or video game developed in Japan in which an amateur singer sings along with recorded music (a music video) using a microphone.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.
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Kōki Ishii
Kōki Ishii (石井 紘基 Ishii Kōki, November 6, 1940 – October 25, 2002) was a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) born in Setagaya, Tokyo.
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Kyodo News
is a nonprofit cooperative news agency based in Minato, Tokyo.
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Lake Kawaguchi
is located in the border Fujikawaguchiko and Minobu, southern Yamanashi Prefecture near Mount Fuji, Japan.
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Lamb of God
Lamb of God (Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, Amnos tou Theou; Agnus Deī) is a title for Jesus that appears in the Gospel of John.
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Lawsuit
A lawsuit (or suit in law) is "a vernacular term for a suit, action, or cause instituted or depending between two private persons in the courts of law." A lawsuit is any proceeding by a party or parties against another in a court of law.
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List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
Predictions of apocalyptic events that would result in the extinction of humanity, a collapse of civilization, or the destruction of the planet have been made since at least the beginning of the Common Era.
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List of designated terrorist groups
This is a list of designated terrorist groups by national governments, former governments, and inter-governmental organizations, where the proscription has a significant effect on the group's activities.
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List of people claimed to be Jesus
This is a partial list of notable people who have been claimed, either by themselves or by their followers, in some way to be the reincarnation or incarnation of Jesus, or the Second Coming of Christ.
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Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker (or loud-speaker or speaker) is an electroacoustic transducer; which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.
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Lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which may include altered awareness of one's surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not.
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M. E. Sharpe
M.E. Sharpe, Inc., an academic publisher, was founded by Myron Sharpe in 1958 with the original purpose of publishing translations from Russian in the social sciences and humanities.
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Mainichi Shimbun
The is one of the major newspapers in Japan, published by.
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Manga
are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century.
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Marc Sageman
Marc Sageman, M.D., Ph.D., is a former CIA Operations Officer (covered as a Foreign Service officer) who was based in Islamabad from 1987 to 1989, where he worked closely with Afghanistan's mujahedin.
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Masaki Kito
is a Japanese attorney at law who specializes in consumer affairs, investment frauds and cases involving religious cults, especially Aleph (formerly known as Aum Shinrikyo) and Unification church.
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Matsumoto sarin attack
The Matsumoto sarin attack was an attempted assassination perpetrated by members of the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult in Matsumoto, in Japan's Nagano prefecture, on the night of June 27, 1994.
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Matsumoto, Nagano
is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
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Meditation
Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual uses a technique, such as focusing their mind on a particular object, thought or activity, to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.
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Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is a global automobile marque and a division of the German company Daimler AG.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Metropolis (free magazine)
Metropolis is a 32-to-48-page free monthly city guide, news and classified ads glossy magazine published by Japan Partnership KK targeting English-speaking foreigners in Tokyo, Japan.
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Microwave
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and.
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Mil Mi-17
The Mil Mi-17 (NATO reporting name: Hip) is a Russian helicopter in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude.
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Millenarianism
Millenarianism (also millenarism), from Latin ''mīllēnārius'' "containing a thousand", is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society, after which all things will be changed.
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Minivan
A minivan (American English), people carrier (British English),, MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) or MUV (multi-utility vehicle) is a vehicle size classification describing a high-roof vehicle with a flexible interior layout.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Mount Fuji
, located on Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft), 2nd-highest peak of an island (volcanic) in Asia, and 7th-highest peak of an island in the world.
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Nagano, Nagano
is the capital city of Nagano Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.
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National Diet
The is Japan's bicameral legislature.
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National Health Insurance (Japan)
is one of the two major types of insurance programs available in Japan.
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National Police Agency (Japan)
The is an agency administered by the National Public Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office of the Cabinet of Japan, and is the central agency of the Japanese police system, and the central coordinating agency of law enforcement in situations of national emergency in Japan.
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New religious movement
A new religious movement (NRM), also known as a new religion or an alternative spirituality, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and which occupies a peripheral place within its society's dominant religious culture.
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North Korea
North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
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Nostradamus
Michel de Nostredame (depending on the source, 14 or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), usually Latinised as Nostradamus was a French physician and reputed seer, who is best known for his book Les Propheties, a collection of 942 poetic quatrains allegedly predicting future events. The book was first published in 1555 and has rarely been out of print since his death. Nostradamus's family was originally Jewish, but had converted to Catholicism before he was born. He studied at the University of Avignon, but was forced to leave after just over a year when the university closed due to an outbreak of the plague. He worked as an apothecary for several years before entering the University of Montpellier, hoping to earn a doctorate, but was almost immediately expelled after his work as an apothecary (a manual trade forbidden by university statutes) was discovered. He first married in 1531, but his wife and two children were killed in 1534 during another plague outbreak. He fought alongside doctors against the plague before remarrying to Anne Ponsarde, who bore him six children. He wrote an almanac for 1550 and, as a result of its success, continued writing them for future years as he began working as an astrologer for various wealthy patrons. Catherine de' Medici became one of his foremost supporters. His Les Propheties, published in 1555, relied heavily on historical and literary precedent and initially received mixed reception. He suffered from severe gout towards the end of his life, which eventually developed in edema. He died on 2 July 1566. Many popular authors have retold apocryphal legends about his life. In the years since the publication of his Les Propheties, Nostradamus has attracted a large number of supporters, who, along with much of the popular press, credit him with having accurately predicted many major world events. Most academic sources reject the notion that Nostradamus had any genuine supernatural prophetic abilities and maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations (sometimes deliberate). These academics argue that Nostradamus's predictions are characteristically vague, meaning they could be applied to virtually anything, and are useless for determining whether their author had any real prophetic powers. They also point out that English translations of his quatrains are almost always of extremely poor quality, based on later manuscripts, produced by authors with little knowledge of sixteenth-century French, and often deliberately mistranslated to make the prophecies fit whatever events the translator believed they were supposed to have predicted.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Om
Om (IAST: Auṃ or Oṃ, Devanagari) is a sacred sound and a spiritual symbol in Hindu religion.
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Organophosphate
Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O.
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Osaka
() is a designated city in the Kansai region of Japan.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pali
Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet, called by convention the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for inscriptions older than around 1050 BC, is the oldest verified alphabet.
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Phowa
Phowa (Tibetan: འཕོ་བ་; Wylie: 'pho ba; also spelled Powa phonetically; Sanskrit: saṃkrānti) is a Vajrayāna Buddhist meditation practice.
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Political party
A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.
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Prefecture
A prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) is an administrative jurisdiction or subdivision in any of various countries and within some international church structures, and in antiquity a Roman district governed by an appointed prefect.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Protection of sources
The protection of sources, sometimes also referred to as the confidentiality of sources or in the U.S. as the reporter's privilege, is a right accorded to journalists under the laws of many countries, as well as under international law.
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Public Security Intelligence Agency
The is the national intelligence agency of Japan.
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RAND Corporation
RAND Corporation ("Research ANd Development") is an American nonprofit global policy think tank created in 1948 by Douglas Aircraft Company to offer research and analysis to the United States Armed Forces.
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Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.
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Religion in Japan
Religion in Japan is dominated by Shinto (the ethnic religion of the Japanese people) and by Buddhism.
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Religious organization
Religious activities generally need some infrastructure to be conducted.
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Richard Danzig
Richard Jeffrey Danzig (born September 8, 1944) is an American lawyer who served as the 71st Secretary of the Navy under President Bill Clinton.
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Robert Jay Lifton
Robert Jay Lifton (born May 16, 1926) is an American psychiatrist and author, chiefly known for his studies of the psychological causes and effects of wars and political violence and for his theory of thought reform.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Sakamoto family murder
On November 4, 1989, Tsutsumi Sakamoto (坂本 堤 Sakamoto Tsutsumi April 8, 1956 – November 4, 1989), a lawyer working on a class action lawsuit against Aum Shinrikyo, a controversial new religious movement in Japan, was murdered, along with his wife and child, by perpetrators who broke into his apartment.
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Salvation
Salvation (salvatio; sōtēría; yāšaʕ; al-ḵalaṣ) is being saved or protected from harm or being saved or delivered from a dire situation.
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Sankei Shimbun
, literally "Industrial and Economic Newspaper", is a daily newspaper in Japan published by the.The Sankei is abbreviation name of Sangyō Keizai.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sarin
Sarin, or NATO designation GB (G-series, 'B'), is a highly toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound.
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Sermon
A sermon is an oration, lecture, or talk by a member of a religious institution or clergy.
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Shibuya
, literally "Astringent Valley", is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan.
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Shinjuku Station
is a major railway station in the Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo, Japan.
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Shiva
Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव, IAST: Śiva, lit. the auspicious one) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.
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Shoko Asahara
is the founder of the Japanese doomsday cult group Aum Shinrikyo.
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Sin
In a religious context, sin is the act of transgression against divine law.
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Sino-Xenic pronunciations
Sino-Xenic or Sinoxenic pronunciations are regular systems for reading Chinese characters in Japan, Korea and Vietnam, originating in medieval times and the source of large-scale borrowings of Chinese words into the Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese languages, none of which are genetically related to Chinese.
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Soka Gakkai
is a Japanese Buddhist religious movement based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese priest Nichiren as taught by its first three presidents Tsunesaburō Makiguchi, Jōsei Toda and Daisaku Ikeda.
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Surveillance
Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or other changing information for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting people.
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Sutra
A sutra (Sanskrit: IAST: sūtra; Pali: sutta) is a religious discourse (teaching) in text form originating from the spiritual traditions of India, particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
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Syncretism
Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought.
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TASS
Russian News Agency TASS (Informatsionnoye agentstvo Rossii TASS), abbr.
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Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
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The Beast (Revelation)
The Beast (Θηρίον, Thērion) may refer to one of two beasts described in the Book of Revelation.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Japan Times
The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper.
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Three Ages of Buddhism
The Three Ages of Buddhism, also known as the Three Ages of the Dharma, are three divisions of time following Buddha's passing in East Asian Buddhism.
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Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.
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Tokyo
, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.
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Tokyo subway
The is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in the Greater Tokyo area of Japan.
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Tokyo subway sarin attack
The Tokyo subway sarin attack (was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated on March 20, 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the cult movement Aum Shinrikyo. Aum Shinrikyo was a religious movement and doomsday cult led by Shoko Asahara. The group believed in a doctrine revolving around a syncretic mixture of Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, as well as Christian and Hindu beliefs, especially relating to the Hindu god Shiva. They believed that Armageddon is inevitable in the form of a global war involving the United States and Japan; that non-members were doomed to eternal hell, but that they could be saved if they were killed by cult members; and that only members of the cult would survive the apocalypse, and would afterwards build the Kingdom of Shambhala. The group had already carried out several assassinations and terrorist attacks using sarin, including the Matsumoto sarin attack nine months earlier. They had also produced several other nerve agents, including VX. The cult had attempted to produce botulinum toxin and had perpetrated several failed acts of bioterrorism. Asahara had been made aware of a police raid scheduled for March 22 and had planned the Tokyo subway attack in order to hinder police investigations into the cult and perhaps to spark the global apocalypse. In five coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin on three lines of the Tokyo Metro (then part of the Tokyo subway) during rush hour, killing 12 people, severely injuring 50, and causing temporary vision problems for nearly 1,000 others. The attack was directed against trains passing through Kasumigaseki and Nagatachō, Tokyo, home of the Japanese government. In the raid following the attack, police arrested many senior members of the cult. Police activity continued throughout the summer, eventually arresting over 200 members, including Asahara himself. Thirteen of the senior Aum management have been sentenced to death, with many others given prison sentences up to life. The attack shocked the Japanese, who had widely thought their nation to be free from crime and unrest. It was the deadliest incident to occur in Japan since the end of World War II until the Myojo 56 building fire on September 1, 2001. The attack remains the deadliest terrorist incident in Japan, and Aum Shinrikyo remain the only group in Japan to have utilized biological and chemical weapons.
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Tomomitsu Niimi
is a former Aum Shinrikyo member convicted for his participation in the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway and a number of other crimes.
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Truth serum
"Truth serum" is a colloquial name for any of a range of psychoactive drugs used in an effort to obtain information from subjects who are unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise.
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Underground (Murakami book)
is a book by Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami about the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
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University of Hawaii Press
The University of Hawaii Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiokinai.
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Uyoku dantai
are Japanese ultranationalist far-right groups.
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Vajrayana
Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.
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VX (nerve agent)
VX is an extremely toxic synthetic chemical compound in the organophosphorus class, specifically, a thiophosphonate.
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William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
Wm.
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Yamaguchi-gumi
is Japan's largest yakuza organization.
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Yoga
Yoga (Sanskrit, योगः) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.
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Yokohama
, literally "Port to the side" or "Beside the port", is the second largest city in Japan by population, after Tokyo, and the most populous municipality of Japan.
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Yoshihiro Yasuda
Yoshihiro Yasuda (安田 好弘 Yasuda Yoshihiro, born December 4, 1947) is a famed and controversial lawyer in Japan who is known for his anti-death penalty activism.
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Yoshinori Kobayashi
is a Japanese manga artist noted for his controversial political commentary manga Gōmanism Sengen.
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Yoshiyuki Kōno (victim)
Yoshiyuki Kōno (河野 義行, born February 1950) was a victim of the Matsumoto incident, a sarin attack that killed seven people and sickened many more in Matsumoto, Japan, on the evening of 27 June and the following morning on 28 June, 1994.
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Yukio Aoshima
was a Japanese politician who served as Governor of Tokyo from 1995 to 1999.
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A.I.C. Comprehensive Research Institute, A.I.C. Sogo Kenkyusho, A.I.C. Sogo Kenkyusyo, AIC Comprehensive Research Institute, AIC Sogo Kenkyusho, AUM Shinrikyo, Aleph (Buddhist group), Aleph (cult), Aleph (religion), Aleph (religious group), Aleph (religious movement), Aleph Cult, Aum Sect, Aum Senricyo, Aum Shinri Kyo, Aum Shinri Kyô, Aum Shinri-kyo, Aum Shinriko, Aum Shinrikyo Scandal, Aum Shinrikyō, Aum Shinryko, Aum Shirikyo, Aum Shrinkyo, Aum Sin Rikyo, Aum Sinrikyo, Aum Supreme Truth, Aum cult, Aum doomsday cult, Aun Shinriko, Aun Shinrikyo, Cult of the Supreme Truth, Om Shin Rikio, Om Shin Rikyo, Supreme Truth, Supreme Truth Sect, Ōmu Shinrikyō.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aum_Shinrikyo
