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82 relations: Aberrations of the eye, Allvar Gullstrand, Angle, Aperture, Apochromat, Arthur König, Astigmatism (optical systems), Azimuth, Cardinal point (optics), Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carl Zeiss, Caustic (optics), Chromatic aberration, Coefficient, Coma (optics), Constantin Carathéodory, Crown glass (optics), Curve fitting, Cylinder, Defocus aberration, Diffraction, Dispersion (optics), Distortion (optics), Ernst Abbe, Even and odd functions, Flint glass, Focal length, Fourier analysis, Fractal, Fraunhofer lines, Frits Zernike, Geometrical optics, George Biddell Airy, Gradient, Integer, Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Jena, Joseph Petzval, Joseph von Fraunhofer, Lens (optics), Light, Linear independence, Long-focus lens, Low-pass filter, Luneburg lens, Mean, Mercury (element), Moritz von Rohr, Normal lens, ..., Numerical aperture, Optical instrument, Optics, Orthogonality, Parabola, Paraxial approximation, Pencil (optics), Petzval field curvature, Philipp Ludwig von Seidel, Pinhole camera model, Piston (optics), Radian, Ray (optics), Reflection (physics), Refraction, Refractive index, Robert Blair (astronomer), Sine, Singular-value decomposition, Spatial frequency, Spectral color, Spherical aberration, Telescope, Three-dimensional space, Tilt (optics), Trigonometric functions, Turbulence, Wave propagation, Wavefront coding, Wavelength, Wide-angle lens, Zernike polynomials. Expand index (32 more) »
Aberrations of the eye
The eye, like any other optical system, suffers from a number of specific optical aberrations.
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Allvar Gullstrand
Allvar Gullstrand (5 June 1862 – 28 July 1930) was a Swedish ophthalmologist and optician.
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Angle
In plane geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
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Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
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Apochromat
An apochromat, or apochromatic lens (apo), is a photographic or other lens that has better correction of chromatic and spherical aberration than the much more common achromat lenses.
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Arthur König
Arthur Peter König (September 13, 1856, Krefeld – October 26, 1901, Berlin) devoted his short life to physiological optics.
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Astigmatism (optical systems)
An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci.
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Azimuth
An azimuth (from the pl. form of the Arabic noun "السَّمْت" as-samt, meaning "the direction") is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system.
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Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß; Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields, including algebra, analysis, astronomy, differential geometry, electrostatics, geodesy, geophysics, magnetic fields, matrix theory, mechanics, number theory, optics and statistics.
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Carl Zeiss
Carl Zeiss (11 September 1816 – 3 December 1888) was a German scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman who founded the workshop of Carl Zeiss in 1846 which is still in business today as Carl Zeiss AG.
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Caustic (optics)
In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection of that envelope of rays on another surface.
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Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration (abbreviated CA; also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point.
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Coefficient
In mathematics, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor in some term of a polynomial, a series or any expression; it is usually a number, but may be any expression.
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Coma (optics)
In optics (especially telescopes), the coma, or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail (coma) like a comet.
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Constantin Carathéodory
Constantin Carathéodory (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή Konstantinos Karatheodori; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany.
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Crown glass (optics)
Crown glass is a type of optical glass used in lenses and other optical components.
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Curve fitting
Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints.
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Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek κύλινδρος – kulindros, "roller, tumbler"), has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes.
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Defocus aberration
In optics, defocus is the aberration in which an image is simply out of focus.
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Diffraction
--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
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Dispersion (optics)
In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency.
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Distortion (optics)
In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.
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Ernst Abbe
Ernst Karl Abbe HonFRMS (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German physicist, optical scientist, entrepreneur, and social reformer.
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Even and odd functions
In mathematics, even functions and odd functions are functions which satisfy particular symmetry relations, with respect to taking additive inverses.
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Flint glass
Flint glass is optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number (high dispersion).
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Focal length
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light.
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Fourier analysis
In mathematics, Fourier analysis is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions.
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Fractal
In mathematics, a fractal is an abstract object used to describe and simulate naturally occurring objects.
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Fraunhofer lines
In physics and optics, the Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral lines named after the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826).
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Frits Zernike
Frits Zernike (16 July 1888 – 10 March 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope.
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Geometrical optics
Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays.
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George Biddell Airy
Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.
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Gradient
In mathematics, the gradient is a multi-variable generalization of the derivative.
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Integer
An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer 's first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.
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Jena
Jena is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia.
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Joseph Petzval
Joseph Petzval (6 January 1807 – 19 September 1891) was a mathematician, inventor, and physicist best known for his work in optics.
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Joseph von Fraunhofer
Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer (6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826) was a Bavarian physicist and optical lens manufacturer.
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Lens (optics)
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.
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Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Linear independence
In the theory of vector spaces, a set of vectors is said to be if one of the vectors in the set can be defined as a linear combination of the others; if no vector in the set can be written in this way, then the vectors are said to be.
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Long-focus lens
In photography, a long-focus lens is a camera lens which has a focal length that is longer than the diagonal measure of the film or sensor that receives its image.
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Low-pass filter
A low-pass filter (LPF) is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
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Luneburg lens
A Luneburg lens (originally Lüneburg lens, often incorrectly spelled Luneberg lens) is a spherically symmetric gradient-index lens.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Moritz von Rohr
Moritz von Rohr (4 April 1868 – 20 June 1940) was an optical scientist at Carl Zeiss in Jena, Germany.
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Normal lens
In photography and cinematography, a normal lens is a lens that reproduces a field of view that appears "natural" to a human observer.
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Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.
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Optical instrument
An optical instrument either processes light waves to enhance an image for viewing, or analyzes light waves (or photons) to determine one of a number of characteristic properties.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Orthogonality
In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms.
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Parabola
In mathematics, a parabola is a plane curve which is mirror-symmetrical and is approximately U-shaped.
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Paraxial approximation
In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system (such as a lens).
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Pencil (optics)
In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow cone or cylinder.
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Petzval field curvature
Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane.
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Philipp Ludwig von Seidel
Philipp Ludwig von Seidel (23 October 1821 in Zweibrücken, Germany – 13 August 1896 in Munich, German Empire) was a German mathematician.
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Pinhole camera model
The pinhole camera model describes the mathematical relationship between the coordinates of a point in three-dimensional space and its projection onto the image plane of an ideal pinhole camera, where the camera aperture is described as a point and no lenses are used to focus light.
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Piston (optics)
In optics, piston is the mean value of a wavefront or phase profile across the pupil of an optical system.
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Radian
The radian (SI symbol rad) is the SI unit for measuring angles, and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics.
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Ray (optics)
In optics a ray is an idealized model of light, obtained by choosing a line that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.
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Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
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Refraction
Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.
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Refractive index
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
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Robert Blair (astronomer)
Prof Robert Blair FRSE (1748–1828) was a Scottish astronomer.
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Sine
In mathematics, the sine is a trigonometric function of an angle.
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Singular-value decomposition
In linear algebra, the singular-value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix.
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Spatial frequency
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space.
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Spectral color
A spectral color is a color that is evoked in a normal human by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, also known as monochromatic light.
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Spherical aberration
Spherical aberration is an optical effect observed in an optical device (lens, mirror, etc.) that occurs due to the increased refraction of light rays when they strike a lens or a reflection of light rays when they strike a mirror near its edge, in comparison with those that strike close to the centre.
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Telescope
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
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Three-dimensional space
Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point).
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Tilt (optics)
In optics, tilt is a deviation in the direction a beam of light propagates.
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Trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are functions of an angle.
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Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
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Wave propagation
Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel.
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Wavefront coding
In optics and signal processing, wavefront coding refers to the use of a phase modulating element in conjunction with deconvolution to extend the depth of field of a digital imaging system such as a video camera.
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Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
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Wide-angle lens
In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane.
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Zernike polynomials
In mathematics, the Zernike polynomials are a sequence of polynomials that are orthogonal on the unit disk.
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Aberration (optics), Aberration in optical systems, Aberration, optical, Actinic Rays, Curvature of field, Curvature of image, Lens Aberrations, Lens aberration, Lens aberrations, Optical Aberrations, Optical abberation, Optical abberration, Optical aberrations, Seidel aberration, Seidel aberrations.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_aberration
