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Orange Revolution

Index Orange Revolution

The Orange Revolution (Помаранчева революція, Pomarancheva revolyutsiya) was a series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005, in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and direct electoral fraud. [1]

171 relations: A Just Russia, Act Zluky, Adam Roberts (scholar), Alexander Lukashenko, All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", Anders Åslund, Andreas Umland, Andrei Zagdansky, Andrew Wilson (historian), Andrey Vladimirovich Kolesnikov, Anti-Russian sentiment, Askold Krushelnycky, BBC News, Belarus, Blue, Borys Tarasyuk, Business oligarch, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Cassette Scandal, Caucasus, Central Asia, Central Election Commission (Ukraine), Central Intelligence Agency, Central Ukraine, Chechen War, Civil disobedience, Civil resistance, Colour revolution, Commander-in-chief, Communist Party of Ukraine, Constitution of Ukraine, Constitutional Court of Ukraine, Demonstration (protest), Dmitry Medoyev, Dnieper, Eastern Ukraine, Economy of Ukraine, Electoral fraud, EUobserver, Eurasian Customs Union, Euromaidan, Exit poll, Far-right politics, Fascism, Federalism, First Monday (journal), First Yanukovych government, Foreign electoral intervention, General strike, Georgia (country), ..., Georgiy Gongadze, Giuseppe D'Amato, Government of Ukraine, Harvard University, Hillary Clinton, Inauguration, Incumbent, Interfax-Ukraine, International Relations and Security Network, Internet in Ukraine, Izvestia, Jamestown Foundation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Journal of Democracy, Kateryna Yushchenko, KGB, Kiev, Kyiv Post, Leonid Kuchma, Lviv, M. E. Sharpe, Maidan Nezalezhnosti, Mayor of Kiev, Michael McFaul, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine), Motion of no confidence, Mykola Riabchuk, Myocardial infarction, Nataliya Vitrenko, News media, Novaya Gazeta, Oath of office, Oleksandr Moroz, Oligarchy, Opposition (politics), Orange (colour), Orange Revolution (film), Order of Princess Olga, Orest Subtelny, Our Ukraine (political party), Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc, Oxford University Press, Paraska Korolyuk, Party of Regions, Paul D'Anieri, Peter Lang (publisher), Petro Poroshenko, Petro Symonenko, Political corruption, Political faction, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, PORA, Post-Soviet states, President of Belarus, President of Ukraine, Prime Minister of Russia, Prime Minister of Ukraine, Protest, Quorum, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, RIA Novosti, Rinat Akhmetov, Rise up, Ukraine!, Rose Revolution, Routledge, Russia, Russian nationalism, Security Service of Ukraine, Separatism, Sergey Glazyev, Silovik, Sit-in, Socialist Party of Ukraine, South Ossetia, South Ossetian presidential election, 2011, Southern Ukraine, Soviet Union, State Duma, Strike action, Supreme Court of Ukraine, Svoboda (political party), Taras Kuzio, Telephone tapping, Term limit, The Moscow Times, The New York Times, The Times, The Washington Post, Time (magazine), Timothy Garton Ash, Tulip Revolution, Two-round system, Ukraine, Ukraine without Kuchma, Ukraine–European Union relations, Ukrainian Americans, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency, Ukrainian nationalism, Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012, Ukrainian presidential election, 2004, Ukrainian presidential election, 2010, Ukrayinska Pravda, United States, United States presidential election, 2016, University of Ottawa, University of Toronto Press, Verkhovna Rada, Verkhovna Rada building, Viktor Yanukovych, Viktor Yushchenko, Vladimir Putin, Vzglyad (newspaper), Western Ukraine, Western world, Wireless sensor network, Yale University Press, Yulia Tymoshenko, Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, 2011–2013 Russian protests, 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Expand index (121 more) »

A Just Russia

A Just Russia (Справедливая Россия, СР, Spravedlivaya Rossiya, SR, esers (эсеры)) also translated as Fair Russia, or A Fair and Just Russia, is a social democratic political party in Russia currently holding 23 of the 450 seats in the State Duma.

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Act Zluky

The Act Zluky (Акт Злуки,, "Unification Act") was an agreement signed on January 22, 1919, by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic on the St. Sophia Square in Kiev.

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Adam Roberts (scholar)

Sir Adam Roberts (born 29 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, a senior research fellow in Oxford University's Department of Politics and International Relations, and an emeritus fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.

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Alexander Lukashenko

Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko (translit,; ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ɫʊkɐˈʂɛnkə; born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician serving as President of Belarus since the office was created on 20 July 1994.

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All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"

The All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" or Batkivshchyna (Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Батьківщина", Vseukrayins'ke Obyednannya Bat'kivshchyna) is a political party in Ukraine, led by Yulia Tymoshenko.

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Anders Åslund

Per Anders Åslund (born 17 February 1952) is a Swedish economist and a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council.

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Andreas Umland

Andreas Umland (born 1967 in Jena, Germany) is a German political scientist, historian and Russian interpreter, specializing in contemporary Russian and Ukrainian history.

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Andrei Zagdansky

Andrei Zagdansky (born March 9, 1956) is an transnational independent documentary filmmaker and producer originally from Ukraine.

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Andrew Wilson (historian)

Andrew Wilson (born 1961) is a British historian and political scientist specializing in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine.

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Andrey Vladimirovich Kolesnikov

Andrey Vladimirovich Kolesnikov (Андрей Владимирович Колесников) is a Russian journalist, an author of a series of books about Anatoly Chubais.

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Anti-Russian sentiment

Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians or Russian culture.

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Askold Krushelnycky

Askold Krushelnycky is a journalist.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Belarus

Belarus (Беларусь, Biełaruś,; Беларусь, Belarus'), officially the Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь; Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Белоруссия, Byelorussiya), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.

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Blue

Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.

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Borys Tarasyuk

Borys Ivanovych Tarasyuk (Борис Іванович Тарасюк; born 1 January 1949) is a Ukrainian politician who twice served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and is now an MP.

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Business oligarch

The term business oligarch is almost a synonym of the term business magnate, borrowed by the English-speaking and western media from post-Soviet parlance to label those businessmen who quickly acquired huge wealth in post-Soviet states (mostly Russia and Ukraine) during the privatization in Russia and in other post-Soviet states in the 1990s.

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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a foreign-policy think tank with centers in Washington D.C., Moscow, Beirut, Beijing, Brussels, and New Delhi.

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Cassette Scandal

The Cassette Scandal (Касетний скандал), also known as Tapegate or Kuchmagate, erupting in 2000, so named due to tape recordings of Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma apparently ordering the kidnap of a journalist, was one of the main political events in Ukraine's post-independence history.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Central Election Commission (Ukraine)

The Central Election Commission of Ukraine (Центральна виборча комісія України, commonly abbreviated in Ukrainian as ЦВК (Tse-Ve-Ka); sometimes referred to as the Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine) is a permanent and independent collegiate body of the Ukrainian government.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Central Ukraine

Central Ukraine (Центральна Україна, Tsentralna Ukrayina) consists of historic regions of left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine that reference to the Dnieper river.

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Chechen War

Chechen War may refer to.

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Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government or occupying international power.

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Civil resistance

Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.

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Colour revolution

Map of colour revolutions from 2000 to 2005. Colour revolution (sometimes called the coloured revolution) is a term that was widely used by worldwide media to describe various related movements that developed in several countries of the former Soviet Union and the Balkans during the early 2000s.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Communist Party of Ukraine

The Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України, Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny, KPU) is a political party founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine, which was banned in 1991 and again in 2015.

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Constitution of Ukraine

The Constitution of Ukraine (Конституція України) is the nation's fundamental law.

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Constitutional Court of Ukraine

The Constitutional Court of Ukraine (Конституційний Суд України) is the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Dmitry Medoyev

Dmitry Nikolayevich Medoyev (Дмитрий Николаевич Медоев), born 15 May 1960, is the Ambassador of South Ossetia to the Russian Federation.

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Dnieper

The Dnieper River, known in Russian as: Dnepr, and in Ukrainian as Dnipro is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising near Smolensk, Russia and flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Eastern Ukraine

Eastern Ukraine or East Ukraine (Східна Україна, Skhidna Ukrayina; Восточная Украина, Vostochnaya Ukraina) generally refers to territories of Ukraine east of the Dnieper river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts.

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Economy of Ukraine

The economy of Ukraine is an emerging free market.

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Electoral fraud

Electoral fraud, election manipulation, or vote rigging is illegal interference with the process of an election, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both.

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EUobserver

EUobserver is a European online newspaper, launched in 2000 by the Brussels-based organisation EUobserver.com ASBL.

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Eurasian Customs Union

The Eurasian Customs Union (EACU) is a customs union which consists of all the Member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

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Euromaidan

Euromaidan (Євромайдан, Евромайдан,, literally "Euro Square") was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti ("Independence Square") in Kiev.

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Exit poll

An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Federalism

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.

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First Monday (journal)

First Monday is a monthly peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering research on the Internet.

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First Yanukovych government

The first Yanukovych Government was the Ukrainian cabinet of ministers between 21 November 2002 and 5 January 2005, led by Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych.

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Foreign electoral intervention

Foreign electoral interventions are attempts by governments, covertly or overtly, to influence elections in another country.

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General strike

A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgiy Gongadze

Georgiy Ruslanovich Gongadze (Георгій Русланович Ґонґадзе; გიორგი ღონღაძე; 21 May 1969 – 17 September 2000) was a Georgian politician and Ukrainian journalist and film director who was kidnapped and murdered in 2000.

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Giuseppe D'Amato

Giuseppe D’Amato is an Italian historian, specializing in Russia and the former USSR, and a columnist of international politics.

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Government of Ukraine

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (Кабінет Міністрів України, Kabinet ministriv Ukrayiny; shortened to CabMin), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (Уряд України, Uryad Ukrayiny), is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

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Inauguration

An inauguration is a formal ceremony or special event to mark either.

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Incumbent

The incumbent is the current holder of a political office.

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Interfax-Ukraine

The Interfax-Ukraine News Agency (Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Kiev-based Ukrainian news agency founded in 1992.

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International Relations and Security Network

The International Relations and Security Network (ISN) was part of the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, which is located in Zurich, Switzerland.

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Internet in Ukraine

The Internet in Ukraine is well developed and steadily growing, mostly uninfluenced by the global financial crisis; in April 2012 rapid growth was forecast for at least two more years.

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Izvestia

Izvestia (p) is a long-running high-circulation daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia.

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Jamestown Foundation

The Jamestown Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based institute for research and analysis, founded in 1984 as a platform to support Soviet defectors.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Journal of Democracy

The Journal of Democracy is a quarterly academic journal established in 1990 and an official publication of the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies.

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Kateryna Yushchenko

Kateryna Mykhaylivna Yushchenko (Катерина Михайлівна Ющенко; born September 1, 1961 in Chicago) is the wife of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko and former First Lady of Ukraine.

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KGB

The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.

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Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

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Kyiv Post

The Kyiv Post is Ukraine's oldest English language newspaper.

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Leonid Kuchma

Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (Леонід Данилович Кучма, born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.

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M. E. Sharpe

M.E. Sharpe, Inc., an academic publisher, was founded by Myron Sharpe in 1958 with the original purpose of publishing translations from Russian in the social sciences and humanities.

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Maidan Nezalezhnosti

Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності, literally: Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine.

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Mayor of Kiev

Mayor of Kiev (Київський міський голова, Kyivskyi miskyi holova; literally Head of the Kiev City) is an elected by popular vote head of the Kiev city (the capital of Ukraine) and chairperson the Kiev City Council.

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Michael McFaul

Michael Anthony McFaul (born October 1, 1963) is an American academic who served as the United States Ambassador to Russia from 2012 to 2014.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (Міністерство закордонних справ України) is the Ukrainian government authority that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Ministerstvo vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrayiny, MVS) executes state policy for the protection of rights and liberties of citizens, investigates unlawful acts against the interest of society and state, fights crime, provides civil order, ensures civil security, traffic safety, and protects the security and protection of important individuals.

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Motion of no confidence

A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.

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Mykola Riabchuk

Mykola Riabchuk (Рябчук Микола Юрійович; born September 27, 1953 in Lutsk) - Ukrainian public intellectual, journalist, political analyst, literary critic, translator and writer.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Nataliya Vitrenko

Nataliya Mikhailivna Vitrenko (Натáлія Михáйлівна Вітрéнко) (born December 28, 1951 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian politician and scientist.

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News media

The news media or news industry are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public or a target public.

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Novaya Gazeta

Novaya Gazeta (p) is a Russian newspaper well known in its country for its critical and investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs.

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Oath of office

An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations.

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Oleksandr Moroz

Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Moroz (Олександр Олександрович Мороз, born 29 February 1944, in Buda, Taraschanskyi Raion of the Kiev Oblast) is a Ukrainian politician.

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Oligarchy

Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people.

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Opposition (politics)

The political party that has the majority is called ruling party and all other parties or their members are called the Opposition.

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Orange (colour)

Orange is the colour between yellow and red on the spectrum of visible light.

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Orange Revolution (film)

Orange Revolution is a 2007 feature-length documentary produced by York Zimmerman Inc.

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Order of Princess Olga

The Order of Princess Olga (Орден княгині Ольги) is a Ukrainian civil decoration, featuring Olga of Kiev and bestowed to women for "personal merits in state, production, scientific, educational, cultural, charity and other spheres of social activities, for upbringing children in families".

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Orest Subtelny

Orest Subtelny (О́рест Субте́льний, 7 May 1941 – 24 July 2016) was a Polish-Canadian historian.

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Our Ukraine (political party)

The Our Ukraine (Наша Україна) (prior to mid-July 2009 known as People's Union "Our Ukraine" (Народний Союз «Наша Україна»)) is a centre-right political party of Ukraine formed in 2005.

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Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc

The Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc (Блок Наша Україна–Народна Самооборона, Blok Nasha Ukrayina-Narodna Samooborona, NUNS; until 2007 named Our Ukraine Bloc) was an electoral alliance active in Ukraine from 2001 until 2012, associated with former President Viktor Yushchenko.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Paraska Korolyuk

Paraska Vasylivna Korolyuk (Параска Василівна Королюк, commonly known as Baba Paraska (Granny Paraska; баба Параска); 3 May 1939 – 26 November 2010, Ukrayinska Pravda (November 27, 2010)) was a Ukrainian political activist and one of the iconic figures of Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution'.

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Party of Regions

The Party of Regions (Партія регіонів, pronounced; Партия регионов) is a pro-Russia political party of Ukraine created in late 1997 that then grew to be the biggest party of Ukraine between 2006 and 2014.

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Paul D'Anieri

Paul J. D'Anieri is Professor of Public Policy and Political Science and former Executive Vice Chancellor & Provost of University of California, Riverside.

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Peter Lang (publisher)

Peter Lang is an academic publisher specializing in the humanities and social sciences.

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Petro Poroshenko

Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko (Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко,; born 26 September 1965) is the fifth and current President of Ukraine (excluding acting president Oleksandr Turchynov), in office since 2014.

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Petro Symonenko

Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko (Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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Political faction

A political faction is a group of individuals within a larger entity, such as a political party, a trade union or other group, or simply a political climate, united by a particular common political purpose that differs in some respect to the rest of the entity.

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Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins, are a group of polyhalogenated organic compounds that are significant environmental pollutants.

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PORA

Pora! (Пора!), meaning It's time! in Ukrainian, is a civic youth organization (Black Pora!) and political party in Ukraine (Yellow Pora!) espousing nonviolent resistance and advocating increased national democracy.

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Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also collectively known as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or former Soviet Republics, are the states that emerged and re-emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991, with Russia internationally recognised as the successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War.

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President of Belarus

The President of the Republic of Belarus (Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь, Президент Республики Беларусь) is the head of state of Belarus.

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President of Ukraine

The President of Ukraine (Президент України, Prezydent Ukrayiny) is the Ukrainian head of state.

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Prime Minister of Russia

The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (translit), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister (translit) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation.

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Prime Minister of Ukraine

The Prime Minister of Ukraine (Прем'єр-міністр України, Prem'ier-ministr Ukrayiny) is Ukraine's head of government, presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government.

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Protest

A protest (also called a remonstrance, remonstration or demonstration) is an expression of bearing witness on behalf of an express cause by words or actions with regard to particular events, policies or situations.

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Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature) necessary to conduct the business of that group.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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RIA Novosti

RIA Novosti (РИА Новости), sometimes RIA (РИА) for short, was Russia's international news agency until 2013 and continues to be the name of a state-operated domestic Russian-language news agency.

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Rinat Akhmetov

Rinat Leonidovych Akhmetov (Ріна́т Леоні́дович Ахме́тов, Рина́т Леони́дович Ахме́тов, Ринат Леонид улы Әхмәтов; Rinat Leonid ulı Äxmätov; born on 21 September 1966) is a Ukrainian businessman, philanthropist, and oligarch.

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Rise up, Ukraine!

"Rise up, Ukraine!" ("Вставай, Україно!") was a nationwide series of political protests by opposition parties All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", UDAR and All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" against the government of the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych that have taken place in Ukraine since 14 March 2013.

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Rose Revolution

The Revolution of Roses, often translated into English as the Rose Revolution (ვარდების რევოლუცია vardebis revolutsia), describes a pro-Western peaceful change of power in Georgia in November 2003.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian nationalism

Russian nationalism is a form of nationalism that asserts that Russians are a nation and promotes their cultural unity.

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Security Service of Ukraine

The Security Service of Ukraine (Служба Безпеки України (СБУ); Sluzhba Bezpeky Ukrayiny) or SBU, is Ukraine's law-enforcement authority and main government security agency in the areas of counterintelligence activity and combatting terrorism.

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Separatism

A common definition of separatism is that it is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.

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Sergey Glazyev

Sergey Yurievich Glazyev (Серге́й Юрьевич Глазьев) (born January 1, 1961, in Zaporozhye, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and economist, advisor to the president of the Russian Federation on regional economic integration, member of the National Financial Council of the Bank of Russia, and, since 2008, a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr.

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Silovik

Silovik (p; plural: siloviki, p) is a Russian word for politicians from the security or military services, often the officers of the former KGB, GRU, FSB, SVR, the Federal Drug Control or other security services who came into power.

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Sit-in

A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.

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Socialist Party of Ukraine

The Socialist Party of Ukraine (Соціалістична Партія України, Sotsialistychna Partiya Ukrainy, SPU) is a social democratic political party in Ukraine.

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South Ossetia

South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region, is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, in the northern part of the internationally recognised Georgian territory.

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South Ossetian presidential election, 2011

Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 13 November 2011.

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Southern Ukraine

Southern Ukraine (Південна Україна, Pivdenna Ukrayina) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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State Duma

The State Duma (r), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Госду́ма (Gosduma), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Council of the Federation.

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Strike action

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.

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Supreme Court of Ukraine

The Supreme Court of Ukraine (Верховний Суд України, Verkhovny Sud Ukrayiny) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.

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Svoboda (political party)

The All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" (Всеукраїнське об’єднання «Свобода», Vseukrayinske obyednannia "Svoboda"), translated as Freedom, is a Ukrainian nationalist political party.

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Taras Kuzio

Taras Kuzio (born 1958 in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England) is a British academic and expert in Ukrainian political, economic and security affairs.

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Telephone tapping

Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means.

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Term limit

A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office.

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The Moscow Times

The Moscow Times is an English-language weekly newspaper published in Moscow, with a circulation of 55,000 copies.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Timothy Garton Ash

Timothy Garton Ash CMG FRSA (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator.

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Tulip Revolution

The Tulip Revolution or First Kyrgyz Revolution led to President of Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev's fall from power.

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Two-round system

The two-round system (also known as the second ballot, runoff voting or ballotage) is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Ukraine without Kuchma

Ukraine without Kuchma (Україна без Кучми; Ukrayina bez Kuchmy) was a mass protest campaign that took place in Ukraine in 2000–2001, demanding the resignation of President Leonid Kuchma, and preceding the Orange Revolution.

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Ukraine–European Union relations

Relations between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine are shaped through the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA).

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Ukrainian Americans

Ukrainian Americans (translit) are Americans who are of Ukrainian ancestry.

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Ukrainian Independent Information Agency

The UNIAN or Ukrainian Independent Information Agency of News (Українське Незалежне Інформаційне Агентство Новин, УНІАН; Ukrayins'ke Nezalezhne Informatsiyne Ahentstvo Novyn) is a Kiev-based Ukrainian news agency.

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Ukrainian nationalism

Ukrainian nationalism refers to the Ukrainian version of nationalism.

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Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012

The Ukrainian parliamentary election of 2012 took place on 28 October 2012.

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Ukrainian presidential election, 2004

The Ukrainian presidential election, 2004 was held on October 31, November 21 and December 26, 2004.

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Ukrainian presidential election, 2010

The Ukrainian presidential election of 2010 was Ukraine's fifth presidential election since declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Ukrayinska Pravda

Ukrayinska Pravda (Українська правда, literally Ukrainian Truth) is a popular Ukrainian Internet newspaper, founded by Georgiy R. Gongadze in April, 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum).

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States presidential election, 2016

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.

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University of Ottawa

The University of Ottawa (uOttawa or U of O) (Université d'Ottawa) is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

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University of Toronto Press

The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian scholarly publisher and book distributor founded in 1901.

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Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, Ukrainian abbreviation ВРУ; literally Supreme Council of Ukraine), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

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Verkhovna Rada building

The Verkhovna Rada building (Будинок Верховної Ради) is located in the center of Kiev, the Pecherskyi District.

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Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ві́ктор Фе́дорович Януко́вич,; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine on 7 February 2010.

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Viktor Yushchenko

Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko (Віктор Андрійович Ющенко,; born February 23, 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third President of Ukraine from January 23, 2005 to February 25, 2010.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Vzglyad (newspaper)

Vzglyad (a) is a Russian online newspaper, established in 2005.

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Western Ukraine

Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (Західна Україна) is a geographical and historical relative term used in reference to the western territories of Ukraine.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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Wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Yulia Tymoshenko

Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (Ю́лія Володи́мирівна Тимоше́нко,, née Hrihyan, Грігян, by Askold Krushelnycky, Harvill Secker, 2006,, p. 169. born 27 November 1960) is a Ukrainian politician.

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Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc

The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (Блок Юлії Тимошенко, БЮТ; Blok Yuliyi Tymoshenko, BYuT) was since 2001 the name of the bloc of political parties in Ukraine led by Yulia Tymoshenko.

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2011–2013 Russian protests

The 2011–2013 Russian protests (which some English language media referred to as the Snow Revolution) began in 2011 (as protests against the 2011 Russian legislative election results) and continued into 2012 and 2013.

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2014 Ukrainian revolution

The Ukrainian revolution of 2014 (also known as the Euromaidan Revolution or Revolution of Dignity; Революція гідності, Revoliutsiia hidnosti) took place in Ukraine in February 2014, when a series of violent events involving protesters, riot police, and unknown shooters in the capital, Kiev, culminated in the ousting of the democratically elected Ukrainian President, Viktor Yanukovych, and the overthrow of the Ukrainian Government.

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Redirects here:

Chestnut Revolution, Maidan Crisis, Orange revolution, Pomarancheva revolyutsiya, Ukraine Orange Revolution, Ukrainian Revolution of 2004, Ukrainian Revolution of 2004-05, Ukrainian Revolution of 2004-2005, Ukrainian Revolution of 2004–05, Ukrainian Revolution of 2004–2005, Ukrainian Revolution of 2005, Помаранчева революція.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution

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