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205 relations: Attrition warfare, Backyard furnace, Battle of Onjong, Battle of Unsan, Beijing, Beijing Normal University, Cao Cao, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Central Military Commission (China), Central Security Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Changsha, Chekiang Province, Republic of China, Chen Geng, Chengdu, Chiang Kai-shek, China, Chinese Civil War, Chinese Red Army, Chongchon River, Communist International, Communist party, Communist Party of China, Confucianism, Constitution of the Communist Party of China, Constitutional Protection Movement, Cultural Revolution, Cultural Revolution Group, Czechoslovakia, Deng Hua, Deng Xiaoping, Dixie Mission, Dongting Lake, Duan Dechang, Dunce, East Germany, Edgar Snow, Eighth Route Army, Empire of Japan, Encirclement Campaigns, Fifth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet, Fireteam, Foot binding, Formosa Resolution of 1955, Fourth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet, Fujian, Gansu, Gao Gang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Georgy Zhukov, Great Leap Forward, ..., Guangdong, Guangzhou, Guizhou, Hai Rui Dismissed from Office, Han dynasty, Harrison Salisbury, He Jian, He Long, Hebei, History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976), Hu Zongnan, Huang Kecheng, Huang Yongsheng, Hubei, Hunan, Hundred Flowers Campaign, Hundred Regiments Offensive, Hungarian People's Republic, Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia, Józef Cyrankiewicz, Jiang Qing, Jiangxi, Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, Jinggang Mountains, Kaoliang wine, Kim Il-sung, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Korean War, Kuomintang, Kuomintang Islamic insurgency, Lei Feng, Li Lisan, Lianxi District, Lieutenant general, Lin Biao, Lin Boqu, List of generals of the People's Republic of China, Liu Bocheng, Liu Shaoqi, Long March, Luo Ronghuan, Lushan Conference, Ma Bufang, Mao Zedong, Maoism, March of the Volunteers, Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Marxism, Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution, Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, Mongolian People's Republic, Mount Wutai, Nan County, National Congress of the Communist Party of China, National People's Congress, National Revolutionary Army, Nikita Khrushchev, Ningxia, North Korea, Northern Expedition, Northwest China, Order of Bayi, Order of Independence and Freedom, Order of Liberation (China), Panmunjom, Paramount leader, Peng (surname), Peng Shaohui, Peng Zhen, People's Liberation Army, People's Republic of Bulgaria, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, People's Volunteer Army, Pingjiang County, Polish People's Republic, Political commissar, Pyongyang, Qing dynasty, Qinghai, Rao Shushi, Red Army, Red Guards, Red Star Over China, Renminbi, Republic of China (1912–1949), Ruijin, Second Sino-Japanese War, Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, Second United Front, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanghai French Concession, Shanghai massacre, Shanxi, Shenyang, Sichuan, Socialist Republic of Romania, South Korea, Southwest China, Soviet Union, Stalinism, State Council of the People's Republic of China, Struggle session, Su Yu, Sun Yat-sen, Taihang Mountains, Taiping Rebellion, Taiwan, Taiyuan, Tan Yankai, Tang Shengzhi, Tang Xiangming, The East Is Red (song), Third Front (China), Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns, Thrombosis, Tiananmen Square, Tibet, Tongxin County, Tuberculosis, United Nations, United States, Wang Jingwei, Wang Ming, Wang Zhen (general), Warsaw Pact, Wilhelm Pieck, Wu Peifu, Wuhan, Wuhan incident, Xi'an, Xiangtan, Xiangtan County, Xinhai Revolution, Xinjiang, Xiong Xianghui, Yan Xishan, Yan'an, Yan'an Rectification Movement, Yuan shuai, Yunnan, Zhang Fei, Zhang Guotao, Zhang Wentian, Zhang Zongxun, Zhongnanhai, Zhou Enlai, Zhou Xiaozhou, Zhu De, Zunyi Conference, 28 Bolsheviks, 38th parallel north, 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Expand index (155 more) »
Attrition warfare
Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel.
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Backyard furnace
Backyard furnaces were small steel blast furnaces used by the people of China during the Great Leap Forward (1958–62).
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Battle of Onjong
The Battle of Onjong (온정리 전투), also known as the Battle of Wenjing, was one of the first engagements between Chinese and United Nations forces during the Korean War.
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Battle of Unsan
The Battle of Unsan, also known as the Battle of Yunshan, was a series of engagements of the Korean War that took place from 25 October to 4 November 1950 near Unsan, North Pyongan province in present-day North Korea.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Beijing Normal University
Beijing Normal University (BNU), colloquially known as 北师大 or Beishida, is a public research university located in Beijing, China, with a strong emphasis on basic disciplines of the humanities and sciences.
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Cao Cao
Cao Cao (– 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty who rose to great power in the final years of the dynasty.
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Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a political body that comprises the top leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
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Central Military Commission (China)
The Central Military Commission (CMC) refers to the parallel national defense organizations of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China: the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, a Party organ under the CPC Central Committee, and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China, a central state organ under the National People's Congress, being the military branch of the national government.
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Central Security Bureau of the Communist Party of China
The Central Security Bureau (is the chief Security Detail military bureau responsible for the security of senior Chinese government, Communist Party, and military leaders. The Bureau controls the People's Liberation Army's Central Guard Unit (sometimes as the Central Guard Regiment; also called Unit 8341, and less commonly, Unit 57001).
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Changsha
Changsha is the capital and most populous city of Hunan province in the south central part of the People's Republic of China.
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Chekiang Province, Republic of China
Chekiang Province, Republic of China (1912–1955) was abolished after the ROC Forces, ROC government officials and local residents were evacuated from Tachen to Taiwan in 1955 following the military defeat of ROC by People's Republic of China's People's Liberation Army forces during the Battle of Tachen Archipelago.
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Chen Geng
Chen Geng (February 27, 1903 – March 16, 1961) was a Chinese Communist military leader, one of the ten grand generals of the People's Liberation Army.
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Chengdu
Chengdu, formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.
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Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC).
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Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, renamed Chinese People's Red Army in 1936, commonly known as the Chinese Red Army, or simply the Red Army, was the armed forces of the Communist Party of China from 1928 to 1937.
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Chongchon River
The Ch'ŏngch'ŏn is a river of North Korea having its source in the Rangrim Mountains of Chagang Province and emptying into the Yellow Sea at Sinanju.
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Communist International
The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.
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Communist party
A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy.
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Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
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Constitution of the Communist Party of China
The Constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program, Membership, Organization System, Central Organizations, Local Organizations, Primary Organizations, Party Cadres, Party Discipline, Party Organs for Discipline Inspection, Leading Party Members' Groups, Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League, Party Emblem and Flag.
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Constitutional Protection Movement
The Constitutional Protection Movement was a series of movements led by Sun Yat-sen to resist the Beiyang Government between 1917 and 1922, in which Sun established another government in Guangzhou as a result. It was known as the Third Revolution by the Kuomintang. The constitution that it intended to protect refers to the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China.
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Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.
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Cultural Revolution Group
The (Central) Cultural Revolution Group (CRG or CCRG) was formed in May 1966 as a replacement organisation to the Central Committee Secretariat and the "Five Man Group", and was initially directly responsible to the Standing Committee of the Politburo.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
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Deng Hua
Deng Hua (28 April 1910 – 3 July 1980) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
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Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), courtesy name Xixian (希贤), was a Chinese politician.
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Dixie Mission
The United States Army Observation Group, commonly known as the Dixie Mission, was the first U.S. effort to establish official relations with the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army, then headquartered in the mountainous city of Yan'an.
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Dongting Lake
Dongting Lake is a large, shallow lake in northeastern Hunan province, China.
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Duan Dechang
Duan Dechang (August 19, 1904 – May 1, 1933) was a member of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
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Dunce
A dunce is a person considered incapable of learning.
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East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.
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Edgar Snow
Edgar Parks Snow (17 July 1905 – 15 February 1972) was an American journalist known for his books and articles on Communism in China and the Chinese Communist revolution.
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Eighth Route Army
The Eighth Route Army, officially known as the '''18th Army Group''' of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, was a group army under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, nominally within the structure of the Chinese military headed by the Chinese Nationalist Party during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Empire of Japan
The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.
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Encirclement Campaigns
Encirclement Campaigns were the campaigns launched by forces of the Chinese Nationalist Government against forces of the Communist Party of China during the early stage of the Chinese Civil War.
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Fifth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet
The Fifth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet was a series of battles fought during the Chinese Civil War from 25 September 1933, to October 1934 between Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang (nationalist) and the Chinese communists.
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Fireteam
A fireteam or fire team is a small military sub-subunit of infantry designed to optimize "bounding overwatch" and "fire and movement" tactical doctrine in combat.
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Foot binding
Foot binding was the custom of applying tight binding to the feet of young girls to modify the shape of their feet.
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Formosa Resolution of 1955
The Formosa Resolution was a bill enacted by the U.S. Congress on 29 January 1955 that established an American commitment to defend Formosa (now called Taiwan).
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Fourth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet
The Fourth Encirclement Campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet was the fourth campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in hope to destroy the Red Army in Jiangxi.
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Fujian
Fujian (pronounced), formerly romanised as Foken, Fouken, Fukien, and Hokkien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China.
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Gansu
Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.
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Gao Gang
Gao Gang (1905 – August 1954) was a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader during the Chinese Civil War and the early years of the People's Republic of China (PRC), before becoming the victim of the first major purge within the CCP since before 1949.
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is head of the Communist Party of China and the highest-ranking official within the People's Republic of China.
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Georgy Zhukov
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (– 18 June 1974) was a Soviet Red Army General who became Chief of General Staff, Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Minister of Defence and a member of the Politburo.
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Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1962.
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Guangdong
Guangdong is a province in South China, located on the South China Sea coast.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong.
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Guizhou
Guizhou, formerly romanized as Kweichow, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country.
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Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
Hai Rui Dismissed from Office is a theatre play notable for its involvement in Chinese politics during the Cultural Revolution.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Harrison Salisbury
Harrison Evans Salisbury (November 14, 1908 – July 5, 1993), was an American journalist and the first regular New York Times correspondent in Moscow after World War II.
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He Jian
He Jian (10 April 1887 - 25 April 1956) was a Chinese Nationalist (KMT) general and politician in the Republic of China.
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He Long
He Long (March 22, 1896 – June 9, 1969) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and one of the ten marshals of the People's Liberation Army.
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Hebei
Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.
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History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)
The history of the People's Republic of China is often divided distinctly by historians into the "Mao era" and the "post-Mao era".
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Hu Zongnan
Hu Zongnan (16 May 1896 – 14 February 1962), courtesy name Shoushan (壽山), native of Zhenhai, Ningbo.
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Huang Kecheng
Huang Kecheng (October 1, 1902 – December 28, 1986) was a senior general (大将) in the People's Liberation Army.
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Huang Yongsheng
Huang Yongsheng (1910–1983) was a general of the China's People's Liberation Army.
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Hubei
Hubei is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the Central China region.
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Hunan
Hunan is the 7th most populous province of China and the 10th most extensive by area.
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Hundred Flowers Campaign
The Hundred Flowers Campaign, also termed the Hundred Flowers Movement, was a period in 1956 in the People's Republic of China during which the Communist Party of China (CPC) encouraged its citizens to openly express their opinions of the communist regime.
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Hundred Regiments Offensive
The Hundred Regiments Offensive (20 August – 5 December 1940) was a major campaign of the Communist Party of China's National Revolutionary Army divisions commanded by Peng Dehuai against the Imperial Japanese Army in Central China.
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Hungarian People's Republic
The Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a one-party socialist republic (communist state) from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989.
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Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
The incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China in 1949, also known in Chinese historiography as the Peaceful Liberation of Xinjiang, refers to the takeover of Xinjiang by the Chinese Communists and the People's Liberation Army, largely through political means, in the waning days of the Chinese Civil War.
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Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Ѳвѳр Монголын Ѳѳртѳѳ Засах Орон in Mongolian Cyrillic), is one of the autonomous regions of China, located in the north of the country.
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Józef Cyrankiewicz
Józef Cyrankiewicz (April 23, 1911 – January 20, 1989) was a Polish Socialist (PPS) and after 1948 Communist politician.
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Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing (March 19, 1914May 14, 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary, Chinese actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76).
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Jiangxi
Jiangxi, formerly spelled as Kiangsi Gan: Kongsi) is a province in the People's Republic of China, located in the southeast of the country. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest. The name "Jiangxi" derives from the circuit administrated under the Tang dynasty in 733, Jiangnanxidao (道, Circuit of Western Jiangnan; Gan: Kongnomsitau). The short name for Jiangxi is 赣 (pinyin: Gàn; Gan: Gōm), for the Gan River which runs across from the south to the north and flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also alternately called Ganpo Dadi (贛鄱大地) which literally means the "Great Land of Gan and Po".
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Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet
The Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (commonly called the Jiangxi Soviet) was the largest component territory of the Chinese Soviet Republic, an unrecognized state established in November 1931 by Mao Zedong and Zhu De during the Chinese civil war.
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Jinggang Mountains
The Jinggang Mountains are a mountain range of the Luoxiao Mountains System (罗霄山), in the remote border region of Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces.
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Kaoliang wine
Kaoliang wine, Gaoliang wine or sorghum wine is a strong distilled liquor of Chinese origin made from fermented sorghum.
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Kim Il-sung
Kim Il-sung (or Kim Il Sung) (born Kim Sŏng-ju; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the first leader of North Korea, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994.
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Konstantin Rokossovsky
Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky (December 21, 1896 – August 3, 1968) was a Soviet officer of Polish origin who became Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October.
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Korean War
The Korean War (in South Korean, "Korean War"; in North Korean, "Fatherland: Liberation War"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States).
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Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China (KMT; often translated as the Nationalist Party of China) is a major political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.
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Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
The Kuomintang Islamic insurgency refers to a continuation of the Chinese Civil War by Muslim Kuomintang Republic of China Army forces in Northwest China, in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and another insurgency in Yunnan.
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Lei Feng
Léi Fēng (18 December 1940 – 15 August 1962) was a soldier in the People's Liberation Army and is a communist legend in China.
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Li Lisan
Lǐ Lìsān (November 18, 1899 – June 22, 1967) was an early leader of the Chinese communists, and the top leader of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1930, member of the Politburo, and later a member of the Central Committee.
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Lianxi District
Lianxi is a district in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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Lin Biao
Lin Biao (December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Marshal of the People's Republic of China who was pivotal in the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeast China.
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Lin Boqu
Lin Boqu (Wade-Giles: Lin Po-ch'u; March 20, 1886 – May 29, 1960) was a Chinese politician and poet.
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List of generals of the People's Republic of China
This is a list of marshals and full generals of the People's Republic of China, including the People's Liberation Army Ground Force and the People's Armed Police.
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Liu Bocheng
Liu Bocheng (December 4, 1892 – October 7, 1986) was a Chinese Communist military commander and Marshal of the People's Liberation Army.
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Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi (24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and theorist.
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Long March
The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army.
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Luo Ronghuan
Luo Ronghuan (November 26, 1902 – December 16, 1963) was a Chinese communist military leader.
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Lushan Conference
The Lushan Conference was a meeting of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China held between July and August 1959.
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Ma Bufang
Ma Bufang (1903 – 31 July 1975) (Xiao'erjing: ما بوفنگ) was a prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai.
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), commonly known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
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Maoism
Maoism, known in China as Mao Zedong Thought, is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong, whose followers are known as Maoists.
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March of the Volunteers
The "March of the Volunteers".
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Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known by several other names, was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution
Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution or China People's Revolution Military Museum is located in Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
The Ministry of National Defence of the People's Republic of China or for short the "National Defence Ministry" is a ministry under the State Council.
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Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic (Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс (БНМАУ), Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls (BNMAU)), commonly known as Outer Mongolia, was a unitary sovereign socialist state which existed between 1924 and 1992, coterminous with the present-day country of Mongolia in East Asia.
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Mount Wutai
Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China.
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Nan County
Nan County, or Nanxian is a county in the Province of Hunan, China, it is under the administration of Yiyang Prefecture-level City.
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National Congress of the Communist Party of China
The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NCCPC;; literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years.
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National People's Congress
The National People's Congress (usually abbreviated NPC) is the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. With 2,980 members in 2018, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature, with the power to legislate, the power to oversee the operations of the government, and the power to elect the major officers of state. However, the NPC has been described as a "rubber stamp," having "never rejected a government proposal" in its history. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The NPC's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups. As the NPC and the CPPCC are the main deliberative bodies of China, they are often referred to as the Lianghui (Two Assemblies). According to the NPC, its annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation.
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National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army (NRA), sometimes shortened to Revolutionary Army (革命軍) before 1928, and as National Army (國軍) after 1928, was the military arm of the Kuomintang (KMT, or the Chinese Nationalist Party) from 1925 until 1947 in the Republic of China.
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Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964.
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Ningxia
Ningxia (pronounced), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest part of the country.
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North Korea
North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
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Northern Expedition
The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the Nationalists, against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.
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Northwest China
Northwestern China includes the autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Ningxia and the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai.
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Order of Bayi
Order of Bayi or Bayi Order was a Chinese military award awarded to heroes of the Liberation of China during the First Chinese Civil War.
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Order of Independence and Freedom
Order of Independence and Freedom was a military award from the People's Republic of China.
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Order of Liberation (China)
Order of Liberation was a Chinese military award awarded to heroes of the Liberation of mainland China during the Second Chinese Civil War between 3 September 1945 and 30 June 1950.
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Panmunjom
Panmunjeom, now located in Kaesong, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea, was a village just north of the de facto border between North and South Korea, where the 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement that paused the Korean War was signed.
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Paramount leader
In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader of the Communist Party of China and the State is an informal term that refers to the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China.
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Peng (surname)
Peng (Chinese: 彭; pinyin: Péng), alternative forms of romanization include Pang and Phang (Cantonese, Hakka), Pangestu or Pangestoe (Indonesian), Banh (Vietnamese) is a common Chinese family name, ranking 35th most common in 2006.
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Peng Shaohui
Peng Shaohui (6 September 1906 - 25 April 1978) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China, who served two separate terms as deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army, from 1954 to 1967 and from 1969 to 1978.
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Peng Zhen
Peng Zhen (pronounced; October 12, 1902 – April 26, 1997) was a leading member of the Communist Party of China.
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People's Liberation Army
The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).
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People's Republic of Bulgaria
The People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; Народна република България (НРБ) Narodna republika Bǎlgariya (NRB)) was the official name of Bulgaria when it was a socialist republic.
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People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia, Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), was a Marxist-Leninist government that ruled Albania from 1946 to 1992.
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People's Volunteer Army
The (Chinese) People's Volunteer Army (PVA or CPVA) was the armed forces deployed by the People's Republic of China during the Korean War.
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Pingjiang County
Pingjiang County is a county in Hunan province, China, it is under the administration of Yueyang City.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Political commissar
In the military, a political commissar or political officer (or politruk, from политический руководитель, "political leader"), is a supervisory officer responsible for the political education (ideology) and organization of the unit they are assigned to, and intended to ensure civilian control of the military.
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Pyongyang
Pyongyang, or P'yŏngyang, is the capital and largest city of North Korea.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Qinghai
Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.
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Rao Shushi
Rao Shushi (1903—1975) like his confederate Gao Gang, was a senior leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC), who once enjoyed great power and fame that then quickly evaporated, leaving behind many mysteries about his rise and fall.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Red Guards
Red Guards were a student mass paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution.
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Red Star Over China
Red Star Over China, a 1937 book by Edgar Snow, is an account of the Communist Party of China that was written when it was a guerrilla army and still obscure to Westerners.
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Renminbi
The renminbi (Ab.: RMB;; sign: 元; code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.
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Republic of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.
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Ruijin
Ruijin is a county-level city of Ganzhou in the mountains bordering Fujian Province in south-eastern Jiangxi.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.
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Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict that took place between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) in which the PRC shelled the islands of Kinmen and the nearby Matsu Islands along the east coast of the PRC (in the Taiwan Strait) to "liberate" Taiwan from the Chinese Nationalist Party, also called Kuomintang (KMT), and probe the extent of the United States defense of Taiwan's territory.
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Second United Front
The Second United Front was the alliance between the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) and Communist Party of China (CPC) to resist the Japanese invasion during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1941.
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Shaanxi
Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.
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Shanghai
Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.
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Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Concession (Concession française de Changhaï) was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1943, which progressively expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Shanghai massacre
The Shanghai massacre of April 12, 1927, known commonly as the April 12 Incident, was the violent suppression of Communist Party of China (CPC) organizations in Shanghai by the military forces of Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party, or KMT).
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Shanxi
Shanxi (postal: Shansi) is a province of China, located in the North China region.
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Shenyang
Shenyang, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population.
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Sichuan
Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.
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Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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Southwest China
Southwest China is a region of the People's Republic of China defined by governmental bureaus that includes the municipality of Chongqing, the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and the Tibet Autonomous Region.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).
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State Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China.
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Struggle session
A struggle session was a form of public humiliation and torture used by the Communist Party of China in the Mao Zedong era, particularly during the Cultural Revolution, to shape public opinion and to humiliate, persecute, or execute political rivals and class enemies.
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Su Yu
Su Yu (August 10, 1907 – February 5, 1984) was a Chinese Communist military leader.
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Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily.
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Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces.
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Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Taiyuan
Taiyuan (also known as Bīng (并), Jìnyáng (晋阳)) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China.
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Tan Yankai
Tan Yankai (January 25, 1880 – September 22, 1930) was a Chinese politician.
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Tang Shengzhi
Tang Shengzhi (Wade-Giles: Tang Sheng-chih; 12 October 1889 – 6 April 1970) was a Chinese warlord during the Warlord Era, a military commander during the Second Sino-Japanese War and a politician after World War II.
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Tang Xiangming
Tang Xiangming (1885–1975) was a Chinese naval officer.
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The East Is Red (song)
"The East Is Red" is a song that was the de facto national anthem of the People's Republic of China during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s.
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Third Front (China)
The Third Front Movement was a massive industrial development by China in its interior starting in 1964.
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Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
The Three-anti Campaign (1951) and Five-anti Campaign (1952) were reform movements originally issued by Mao Zedong a few years after the founding of the People's Republic of China in an effort to rid Chinese cities of corruption and enemies of the state.
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Thrombosis
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
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Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square is a city square in the centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen ("Gate of Heavenly Peace") located to its north, separating it from the Forbidden City.
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Tibet
Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.
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Tongxin County
Tongxin County is a county under the administration of Wuzhong city in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei (Wang Ching-wei; 4 May 1883 – 10 November 1944); born as Wang Zhaoming (Wang Chao-ming), but widely known by his pen name "Jingwei", was a Chinese politician.
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Wang Ming
Wang Ming (May 23, 1904 – March 27, 1974) was a senior leader of the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the mastermind of the famous 28 Bolsheviks group.
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Wang Zhen (general)
Wang Zhen (April 11, 1908 – March 12, 1993) was a Chinese political figure and one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China.
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Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
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Wilhelm Pieck
Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (3 January 1876 – 7 September 1960) was a German politician and Communist.
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Wu Peifu
Wu Peifu or Wu P'ei-fu (April 22, 1874 – December 4, 1939), was a major figure in the struggles between the warlords who dominated Republican China from 1916-27.
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Wuhan
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China.
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Wuhan incident
The Wuhan incident was an armed conflict in the People's Republic of China between two hostile groups who were fighting for control over the city of Wuhan in July 1967, at the height of the Cultural Revolution.
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Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.
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Xiangtan
Xiangtan is a prefecture-level city in Hunan province, China.
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Xiangtan County
Xiangtan County is a county in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Xiangtan City.
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Xinhai Revolution
The Xinhai Revolution, also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Revolution of 1911, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty (the Qing dynasty) and established the Republic of China (ROC).
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.
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Xiong Xianghui
Xiong Xianghui (April 12, 1919 – September 9, 2005) was a Chinese Communist spy during the Chinese Civil War, and later diplomat.
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Yan Xishan
Yan Xishan; 8 October 1883 – 22 July 1960) was a Chinese warlord who served in the government of the Republic of China. He effectively controlled the province of Shanxi from the 1911 Xinhai Revolution to the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. As the leader of a relatively small, poor, remote province, he survived the machinations of Yuan Shikai, the Warlord Era, the Nationalist Era, the Japanese invasion of China and the subsequent civil war, being forced from office only when the Nationalist armies with which he was aligned had completely lost control of the Chinese mainland, isolating Shanxi from any source of economic or military supply. He has been viewed by Western biographers as a transitional figure who advocated using Western technology to protect Chinese traditions, while at the same time reforming older political, social and economic conditions in a way that paved the way for the radical changes that would occur after his rule.Gillin The Journal of Asian Studies 289.
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Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west.
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Yan'an Rectification Movement
The Yan'an Rectification Movement, also known as Zhengfeng or Cheng Feng, was the first ideological mass movement initiated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), going from 1942 to 1944.
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Yuan shuai
Yuan Shuai (元帥) was a Chinese military rank that corresponds to a marshal in other nations.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.
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Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei (died July or August 221), courtesy name Yide, was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China.
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Zhang Guotao
Zhang Guotao (November 26, 1897 – December 3, 1979) was a founding member and important leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and bitter rival to Mao Zedong.
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Zhang Wentian
Zhang Wentian (30 August 1900 – 1 July 1976), also known as Luo Fu, was a high-ranking leader of the Communist Party of China.
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Zhang Zongxun
Zhang Zongxun (1908–1998) was a general of the People's Liberation Army of China.
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Zhongnanhai
Zhongnanhai is a former imperial garden in the Imperial City, Beijing, adjacent to the Forbidden City; it serves as the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China and the State Council (Central government) of China.
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Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976.
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Zhou Xiaozhou
Zhou Xiaozhou (1912 – December 26, 1966) was a Chinese politician and communist revolutionary, who served as Communist Party Secretary of Hunan from 1953 to 1957.
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Zhu De
Zhu De ((also Chu Teh; 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, warlord, politician, revolutionary and one of the pioneers of the Communist Party of China. Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan, he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine; this prosperity provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy. After his time at the academy, he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord. It was after this period that he adopted communism. He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation. By the time China was under Mao's control, Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Communist Party of China. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1955 he became one of the Ten Marshals of the People's Liberation Army, of which he is regarded as the principal founder. Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976. As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1975-76, Zhu was the head of state of the People's Republic of China.
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Zunyi Conference
The Zunyi Conference was a meeting of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in January 1935 during the Long March.
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28 Bolsheviks
The 28 Bolsheviks (二十八个半布尔什维克） were a group of Chinese students who studied at the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University from the late 1920s until early 1935, also known as the "Returned Students". The university was founded in 1925 as a result of Kuomintang's founder Sun Yat-Sen's policy of alliance with the Soviet Union, and was named after him. The university had an important influence on modern Chinese history by educating many prominent Chinese political figures. The most famous of these were collectively called the 28 Bolsheviks.
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38th parallel north
The 38th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
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3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978.
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8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1956 to 1969.
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Redirects here:
Deng Dehuai, Marshal Peng Dehuai, P'eng Te-huai, Peng Te-huai, Peng Teh-huai, Péng Déhuái, Te Huai Peng, 彭德怀, 彭德懷.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng_Dehuai
