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Pap test

Index Pap test

The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear, cervical smear, or smear test) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb). [1]

74 relations: Adenocarcinoma, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Cancer Society, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Amoxicillin, Anaerobic organism, Aurel Babeș, Bethesda system, Biomedical scientist, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Research UK, Candida (fungus), Candida albicans, Cell (biology), Cervical canal, Cervical cancer, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Cervical screening, Cervicography, Cervix, Choosing Wisely, Coccus, Colposcopy, Cytotechnology, DNA virus, Endometrial cancer, Endometrium, Epithelium, Georgios Papanikolaou, Gestational age, Gold standard (test), Greek Americans, Herpes simplex virus, HPV vaccines, Human papillomavirus infection, Hysterectomy, Laboratory, Lidocaine, Liquid-based cytology, MedlinePlus, Menopause, Metronidazole, Micrograph, Microscope, Miscarriage, National Cancer Institute, National Health Service, Papanicolaou stain, Pathology, ..., Preterm birth, Radiumhemmet, Romania, Sensitivity and specificity, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Spectroscopy, Speculoscopy, Speculum (medical), Squamous cell carcinoma, Squamous intraepithelial lesion, Stenosis of uterine cervix, Streptococcus, Taiwan, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Tincture, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomoniasis, Triple smear, United Kingdom, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Vaginal discharge, Vaginal flora, Vaginismus, Well-woman examination. Expand index (24 more) »

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body.

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American Academy of Family Physicians

The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) was founded in 1947 to promote the science and art of family medicine.

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American Cancer Society

The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer.

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American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States.

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American Society for Clinical Pathology

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) is a professional association based in Chicago, Illinois encompassing 130,000 pathologists and laboratory professionals.

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Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin, also spelled amoxycillin, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

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Aurel Babeș

Aurel (A.) Babeș was a Romanian scientist and one of the discoverers of the vaginal smear as screening test for cervical cancer.

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Bethesda system

The Bethesda system (TBS) is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, used for reporting Pap smear results.

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Biomedical scientist

A biomedical scientist is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medicine.

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Cancer Council Victoria

Cancer Council Victoria is a not-for-profit organisation which aims to reduce the impact of cancer in Victoria.

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Cancer Research UK

Cancer Research UK is a cancer research and awareness charity in the United Kingdom and Isle of Man, formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund.

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Candida (fungus)

Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide.

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Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cervical canal

The cervical canal is the spindle-shaped, flattened canal of the cervix, the neck of the uterus.

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Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix.

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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer.

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Cervical screening

Cervical screening is the process of detecting and removing abnormal tissue or cells in the cervix before cervical cancer develops.

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Cervicography

Cervicography is a diagnostic medical procedure in which a non-physician takes pictures of the cervix and submits them to a physician for interpretation.

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Cervix

The cervix or cervix uteri (neck of the uterus) is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive system.

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Choosing Wisely

Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).

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Coccus

A coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape.

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Colposcopy

Colposcopy (hollow, womb, vagina + skopos "look at") is a medical diagnostic procedure to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva.

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Cytotechnology

Cytotechnology is the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and other abnormalities.

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DNA virus

A DNA virus is a virus that has DNA as its genetic material and replicates using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

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Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).

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Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

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Epithelium

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

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Georgios Papanikolaou

Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou; Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the "Pap smear".

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Gestational age

Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available.

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Gold standard (test)

In medicine and statistics, gold standard test is usually diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.

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Greek Americans

Greek Americans (Ελληνοαμερικανοί, Ellinoamerikanoi) are Americans of full or partial Greek ancestry.

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Herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans.

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HPV vaccines

Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus.

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Human papillomavirus infection

Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV).

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Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Lidocaine

Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area.

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Liquid-based cytology

Liquid-based cytology is a method of preparing samples for examination in cytopathology.

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MedlinePlus

MedlinePlus is an online information service produced by the United States National Library of Medicine.

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Menopause

Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.

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Metronidazole

Metronidazole, marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.

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Micrograph

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item.

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Microscope

A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Miscarriage

Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.

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National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the name used for each of the public health services in the United Kingdom – the National Health Service in England, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland – as well as a term to describe them collectively.

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Papanicolaou stain

Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic staining cytological technique developed by George Papanikolaou, the father of cytopathology.

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Pathology

Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.

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Radiumhemmet

Radiumhemmet is a non-surgical cancer treatment and radiotherapy research institution in Solna, Sweden.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.

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Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) is a national medical society in Canada, representing over 3,000 obstetricians/gynecologists, family physicians, nurses, midwives, and allied health professionals in the field of sexual reproductive health.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Speculoscopy

Speculoscopy is a procedure in which a special blue-white light (Speculite) is used to examine the cervix for cancerous or pre-cancerous lesions.

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Speculum (medical)

A speculum (Latin for "mirror"; plural specula or speculums) is a medical tool for investigating body orifices, with a form dependent on the orifice for which it is designed.

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Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinomas, also known as epidermoid carcinoma are a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells.

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Squamous intraepithelial lesion

A squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells on the surface of the cervix, commonly called squamous cells.

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Stenosis of uterine cervix

Cervical stenosis means that the opening in the cervix (the endocervical canal) is more narrow than is typical.

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Streptococcus

Streptococcus (term coined by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) from strepto- "twisted" + Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos meaning "berry") is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria).

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

The Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) is a multi-campus institution based in Lubbock, Texas with additional campuses located in Abilene, Amarillo, Dallas, El Paso and the Permian Basin.

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Tincture

A tincture is typically an alcoholic extract of plant or animal material or solution of such, or of a low volatility substance (such as iodine and mercurochrome).

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis.

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Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

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Triple smear

Triple smear or vaginal-cervical-endocervical (VCE) smear is a cytopathology technique for identifying lesions of the female genital tract.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Preventive Services Task Force

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".

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Vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricates and protects the vagina.

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Vaginal flora

Vaginal flora or vaginal microbiota are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina.

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Vaginismus

Vaginismus, sometimes called vaginism, is a condition that affects a woman's ability to engage in vaginal penetration, including sexual intercourse, manual penetration, insertion of tampons or menstrual cups, and the penetration involved in gynecological examinations (pap tests).

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Well-woman examination

A well woman examination is an exam offered to women to review elements of their reproductive health.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap_test

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