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154 relations: Agnes of Antioch, Albarracín, Alcoy, Spain, Alfonso II of Aragon, Alfonso III of Aragon, Alfonso VII of León and Castile, Alfonso X of Castile, Aljama, Almogavars, Andrew II of Hungary, Arbalest, Álvaro, Count of Urgell, Balaguer, Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, Balearic Islands, Battle of Benevento, Battle of Les Formigues, Battle of Malta, Battle of Tagliacozzo, Battle of the Col de Panissars, Béla III of Hungary, Bernart d'Auriac, Bordeaux, Calabria, Capcir, Capetian House of Anjou, Cardona, Spain, Catalan counties, Catalan Courts, Catholic Church, Charles I of Anjou, Charles, Count of Valois, Collo, Conradin, Constance of Antioch, Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon, Constantine, Algeria, Constantinople, Count of Barcelona, County of Conflent, County of Roussillon, County of Urgell, Crown of Aragon, Dante Alighieri, Denis of Portugal, Divine Comedy, Dysentery, Edward I of England, Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar, Elizabeth of Aragon, ..., Elne, Empire of Nicaea, Ermengol X, Count of Urgell, Eudokia Komnene, wife of William VIII of Montpellier, Eudoxia Laskarina, Euphrosyne of Kiev, Florence, Frederick III of Sicily, Géza II of Hungary, Giovanni Villani, Girona, Gozo, Hafsid dynasty, Hohenstaufen, House of Barcelona, Iberian Peninsula, Isaac Komnenos (son of John II), James I of Aragon, James II of Aragon, James II of Majorca, John of Procida, Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Majorca, Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Sicily, Kingdom of Valencia, Lance, Languedoc, List of Aragonese monarchs, List of Byzantine emperors, List of monarchs of Naples, List of monarchs of Sicily, List of Navarrese monarchs, List of Portuguese monarchs, List of Valencian monarchs, Lleida, Lords of Montpellier, Malta, Manfred, King of Sicily, Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, Maria of Montpellier, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Montpellier, Moors, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Narbonne, Nuño Sánchez, Nuova Cronica, Palermo, Peironet, Pere Salvatge, Perpignan, Peter I of Courtenay, Peter II of Aragon, Peter II of Courtenay, Petronilla of Aragon, Philip III of France, Philip IV of France, Pope Clement IV, Pope Martin IV, Pope Nicholas III, Porphyry (geology), Principality of Catalonia, Purgatory, Pyrenees, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, Raynald of Châtillon, Reconquista, Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile, Robert, King of Naples, Roger of Lauria, Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix, Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona, Royal Courts of Justice, Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon, Sancho IV of Castile, Santarém, Portugal, Santes Creus, Sicilian Vespers, Sicily, Sirventes, Solidus (coin), Southern Italy, Strait of Messina, Tarragona, Theodore II Laskaris, Trapani, Troubadour, Tudela, Navarre, Tunis, Tunisia, Union of Aragon, Valencia, Vilafranca del Penedès, Violant of Hungary, William VII of Montpellier, William VIII of Montpellier, Yolanda de Courtenay, Yolanda of Flanders, Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria, Zaragoza. Expand index (104 more) »
Agnes of Antioch
Agnes of Antioch (1154 – c. 1184) was a Queen of Hungary from 1172 until 1184 as the first wife of Béla III.
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Albarracín
Albarracín is a Spanish town, in the province of Teruel, part of the autonomous community of Aragon.
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Alcoy, Spain
Alcoy or Alcoi is an industrial and university city, region and municipality located in the province of Alicante, Spain.
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Alfonso II of Aragon
Alfonso II (1–25 March 1157Benito Vicente de Cuéllar (1995),, p. 630-631; in Hidalguía. XLIII (252) pp. 619–632."Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980).. Universitat Barcelona, p. 546.,.Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1987).. Zaragoza: Anúbar, § "El nacimiento y nombre de Alfonso II de Aragón".. – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and, as Alfons I, the Count of Barcelona from 1164 until his death.
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Alfonso III of Aragon
His grave Alfonso III (4 November 1265, in Valencia – 18 June 1291), called the Liberal (el Liberal) or the Free (also "the Frank," from el Franc), was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona (as Alfons II) from 1285.
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Alfonso VII of León and Castile
Alfonso VII (1 March 110521 August 1157), called the Emperor (el Emperador), became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126.
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Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X (also occasionally Alphonso, Alphonse, or Alfons, 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284), called the Wise (el Sabio), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284.
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Aljama
Aljama is a term of Arabic origin used in old official documents in Spain and Portugal to designate the self-governing communities of Moors and Jews living under Christian rule in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Almogavars
Almogavars (almogávares, almugávares, almogàvers and almogávares) is the name of a class of soldier from many Christian Iberian kingdoms in the later phases of the Reconquista, during the 13th and 14th centuries.
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Andrew II of Hungary
Andrew II (II., Andrija II., Ondrej II., Андрій II; 117721 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235.
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Arbalest
The arbalest (also arblast) was a late variation of the crossbow coming into use in Europe during the 12th century.
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Álvaro, Count of Urgell
Álvaro (1239 in Burgos – 1268 in Foix), called Àlvar el Castellà ("the Castilian") in Catalan, was the Count of Urgell and Viscount of Àger from 1243.
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Balaguer
Balaguer is the capital of the comarca of Noguera, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
Baldwin V of Hainaut (1150 – 17 December 1195) was count of Hainaut (1171–1195), margrave of Namur as Baldwin I (1189–1195) and count of Flanders as Baldwin VIII (1191–1195).
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Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears,; Islas Baleares) are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Battle of Benevento
The Battle of Benevento was fought on 26 February 1266 near Benevento, in present-day Southern Italy.
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Battle of Les Formigues
The naval Battle of Les Formigues (Catalan) took place probably in the early morning of 4 September 1285 near Les Formigues Islands, Catalonia, about 85 km northeast of Barcelona, when a Catalan-Sicilian galley fleet commanded by Roger of Lauria defeated a French and Genoese galley fleet commanded by Guilhem de Lodeva, Henry di Mari, and John de Orrea.
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Battle of Malta
The Battle of Malta took place on 8 July 1283 in the entrance to the Grand Harbour, the principal harbour of Malta, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
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Battle of Tagliacozzo
The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on 23 August 1268 between the Ghibellines supporters of Conradin of Hohenstaufen and the army of Charles of Anjou.
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Battle of the Col de Panissars
The Battle of the Col de Panissars was fought on 30 September and 1 October 1285 between the forces of Philip III of France and Peter III of Aragon.
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Béla III of Hungary
Béla III (III., Bela III, Belo III; 114823 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196.
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Bernart d'Auriac
Bernat or Bernart d'Auriac was a minor troubadour notable mainly for initiating a cycle of five short sirventes in the summer of 1285.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Calabria
Calabria (Calàbbria in Calabrian; Calavría in Calabrian Greek; Καλαβρία in Greek; Kalavrì in Arbëresh/Albanian), known in antiquity as Bruttium, is a region in Southern Italy.
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Capcir
Capcir is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, now part of the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales.
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Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty.
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Cardona, Spain
Cardona is a town ìn Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardener, a branch of the Llobregat.
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Catalan counties
The Catalan counties (Els Comtats Catalans) were the administrative divisions of the eastern Carolingian Marca Hispanica and southernmost part of the March of Gothia created after its Frankish conquest.
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Catalan Courts
The Catalan Courts or General Court of Catalonia (Corts Catalanes or Cort General de Catalunya) was the policymaking and parliamentary body of the Principality of Catalonia from the 13th to the 18th century.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles I of Anjou
Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou.
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Charles, Count of Valois
Charles of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon, was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, whose rule over France would start in 1328.
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Collo
Collo (القل) was an ancient Roman–Berber city in the northern Skikda Province, Algeria.
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Conradin
Conrad (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (Konradin, Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254–1268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254–1268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (1254–1258, de jure until 1268, as Conrad II).
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Constance of Antioch
Constance of Hauteville (1128–1163) was the ruling Princess of Antioch from 1130 to 1163.
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Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon
Constance of Sicily (1249 – 9 April 1302) was Queen of Aragon as the wife of King Peter III and a pretender to the Kingdom of Sicily (as Constance II) from 1268 to 1285.
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Constantine, Algeria
Not to be confused with Constantinople, the historical city from 330 to 1453 in Thrace, now Istanbul, Turkey. Constantine (قسنطينة, ⵇⵙⴻⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Count of Barcelona
The Count of Barcelona (Comte de Barcelona, Conde de Barcelona) was the ruler of Catalonia for much of Catalan history, from the 9th century until the 15th century.
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County of Conflent
The County of Conflent or Confluent was one of the Catalan counties of the Marca Hispanica in the ninth century.
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County of Roussillon
The County of Roussillon (Comtat de Rosselló,, Comitatus Ruscinonensis) was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages.
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County of Urgell
The County of Urgell (Comtat d'Urgell,,; Comitatus Urgellensis) is one of the historical Catalan counties, bordering on the counties of Pallars and Cerdanya.
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Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon (Corona d'Aragón, Corona d'Aragó, Corona de Aragón),Corona d'AragónCorona AragonumCorona de Aragón) also referred by some modern historians as Catalanoaragonese Crown (Corona catalanoaragonesa) or Catalan-Aragonese Confederation (Confederació catalanoaragonesa) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy (a state with primarily maritime realms) controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name. In 1469, a new dynastic familial union of the Crown of Aragon with the Crown of Castile by the Catholic Monarchs, joining what contemporaries referred to as "the Spains" led to what would become the Kingdom of Spain under King Philip II. The Crown existed until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716 as a consequence of the defeat of Archduke Charles (as Charles III of Aragon) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
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Dante Alighieri
Durante degli Alighieri, commonly known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante (c. 1265 – 1321), was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages.
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Denis of Portugal
Denis (9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325 in Santarém), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal and the Algarve.
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Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is a long narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed in 1320, a year before his death in 1321.
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Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
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Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
Eleanor of England (18 June 1269 – 29 August 1298) was an English princess, the eldest surviving daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Queen Eleanor of Castile.
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Elizabeth of Aragon
Elizabeth of Aragon, also known as Elizabeth of Portugal, T.O.S.F. (1271 – 4 July 1336; Elisabet in Catalan, Isabel in Aragonese, Portuguese and Spanish), was queen consort of Portugal, a tertiary of the Franciscan Order and is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church.
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Elne
Elne (Elna) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
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Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire was the largest of the three Byzantine GreekA Short history of Greece from early times to 1964 by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse (1967), page 55: "There in the prosperous city of Nicaea, Theodoros Laskaris, the son in law of a former Byzantine Emperor, establish a court that soon become the Small but reviving Greek empire." rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade.
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Ermengol X, Count of Urgell
Ermengol X (1254–1314) was the Count of Urgel and Viscount of Àger from 1268, though his succession was disputed.
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Eudokia Komnene, wife of William VIII of Montpellier
Eudokia Komnene (or Eudocia Comnena) (Εὐδοκία Κομνηνή, Eudokia Komnēnē) (c. 1160 – c. 1203) was a grand-niece of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and wife of William VIII of Montpellier, but her parentage is uncertain.
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Eudoxia Laskarina
Eudoxia Laskarina Asanina (Εὐδοξία Λασκαρίνα Ἀσανίνα, Nicaea, 1245/1248 – Zaragoza, 1311) was a member of the Byzantine Laskaris family.
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Euphrosyne of Kiev
Euphrosyne of Kiev (also Euphrosine of Novgorod; c. 1130 – c. 1193) was Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King Géza II of Hungary.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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Frederick III of Sicily
Frederick II (or III) (13 December 1272 – 25 June 1337) was the regent (from 1291) and subsequently King of Sicily from 1295 until his death.
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Géza II of Hungary
Géza II (II.; Gejza II; Gejza II; 113031 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162.
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Giovanni Villani
Giovanni Villani (1276 or 1280 – 1348)Bartlett (1992), 35.
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Girona
Girona (Gerona; Gérone) is a city in Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell and has an official population of 99,013 as of January 2017.
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Gozo
Gozo (Għawdex,, formerly Gaulos) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Hafsid dynasty
The Hafsids (الحفصيون al-Ḥafṣiyūn) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574.
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Hohenstaufen
The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.
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House of Barcelona
The House of Barcelona was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the Crown of Aragon from 1137 (as kings from 1162) until 1410.
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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Isaac Komnenos (son of John II)
Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός, Isaakios Komnēnos; – after 1154), was the third son of Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos by Piroska of Hungary.
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James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor, Chaime lo Conqueridor, Jacme lo Conquistaire, Jaime el Conquistador; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.
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James II of Aragon
James II (10 August 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327.
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James II of Majorca
James II (Jaume) (31 May 1243 – 29 May 1311) was King of Majorca and Lord of Montpellier from 1276 until his death.
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John of Procida
John of Procida (Giovanni da Procida) (1210–1298) was an Italian medieval physician and diplomat.
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Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon (Reino d'Aragón, Regne d'Aragó, Regnum Aragonum, Reino de Aragón) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.
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Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
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Kingdom of Majorca
The Kingdom of Majorca (Regne de Mallorca,; Reino de Mallorca; Regnum Maioricae) was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror.
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
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Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal (Regnum Portugalliae, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal.
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Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae, Regno di Sicilia, Regnu di Sicilia, Regne de Sicília, Reino de Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian peninsula and for a time Africa from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816.
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Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Regne de València,; Reino de Valencia; Regnum Valentiae), located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.
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Lance
The lance is a pole weapon designed to be used by a mounted warrior or cavalry soldier (lancer).
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Languedoc
Languedoc (Lengadòc) is a former province of France.
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List of Aragonese monarchs
This is a list of the kings and queens of Aragon.
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List of Byzantine emperors
This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
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List of monarchs of Naples
In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was heired by Charles III, King of Hungary, Great grandson of King Charles II of Naples After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo, like Charles III married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo, member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family.
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List of monarchs of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
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List of Navarrese monarchs
This is a list of the kings and queens of Pamplona, later Navarre.
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List of Portuguese monarchs
The monarchs of Portugal ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.
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List of Valencian monarchs
For the majority of the Middle Ages, Valencia was a constituent part of larger polities.
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Lleida
Lleida (Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain.
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Lords of Montpellier
The following is a list of lords of Montpellier.
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Malta
Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Manfred, King of Sicily
Manfred (Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 – 26 February 1266) was the King of Sicily from 1258 to 1266.
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Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
Margaret I of Flanders (circa 1145 - died 15 November 1194) was ruling countess of Flanders suo jure from 1191 to her death.
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Maria of Montpellier
Marie of Montpellier (adapted from Occitan: Maria de Montpelhièr) (1182 – 21 April 1213) was Lady of Montpellier and by her three marriages Viscountess of Marseille, Countess of Comminges and Queen of Aragon.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαὴλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos; 1223 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282.
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Montpellier
Montpellier (Montpelhièr) is a city in southern France.
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Moors
The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages.
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Muhammad I al-Mustansir
Muhammad I al-Mustansir (Abu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Mustansir ibn Yahya; 1228-1277) was the second ruler of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya and the first to claim the title of Khalif.
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Narbonne
Narbonne (Occitan: Narbona,; Narbo,; Late Latin:Narbona) is a commune in southern France in the Occitanie region.
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Nuño Sánchez
Nuño Sánchez (Nunó, Nunyó, or Nunyo Sanç, Nuno Sanche) (1185 – 1242) was a nobleman and statesman in the Crown of Aragon.
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Nuova Cronica
The Nuova Cronica or New Chronicles is a 14th-century history of Florence created in a year-by-year linear format and written by the Florentine banker and official Giovanni Villani (c. 1276 or 1280–1348).
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Palermo
Palermo (Sicilian: Palermu, Panormus, from Πάνορμος, Panormos) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
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Peironet
Peironet or Peyronet was a Catalan troubadour and jongleur (juglar in contemporary records).
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Pere Salvatge
Pere Salvatge or Peire/Peyre Salvagge was a Catalan troubadour of the late thirteenth century (fl. 1280–1287).
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Perpignan
Perpignan (Perpinyà) is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
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Peter I of Courtenay
Peter I of Courtenay (September 1126 – 10 April 1183) was the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second wife, Adélaide de Maurienne.
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Peter II of Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (July 1178 – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1196 to 1213.
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Peter II of Courtenay
Peter, also Peter II of Courtenay (Pierre de Courtenay; died 1219), was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216 to 1217.
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Petronilla of Aragon
Petronilla (29 June/11 August 1136 – 15 October 1173), whose name is also spelled Petronila or Petronella (Aragonese Peyronela or Payronella, and Peronella), was the Queen of Aragon from the abdication of her father in 1137 until her own abdication in 1164.
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Philip III of France
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 to 1285, a member of the House of Capet.
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Philip IV of France
Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called the Fair (Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death.
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Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV (Clemens IV; 23 November 1190 – 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois (Guido Falcodius; Guy de Foulques or Guy Foulques) and also known as Guy le Gros (French for "Guy the Fat"; Guido il Grosso), was bishop of Le Puy (1257–1260), archbishop of Narbonne (1259–1261), cardinal of Sabina (1261–1265), and Pope from 5 February 1265 until his death.
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Pope Martin IV
Pope Martin IV (Martinus IV; c. 1210/1220 – 28 March 1285), born Simon de Brion, was Pope from 22 February 1281 to his death in 1285.
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Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III (Nicolaus III; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was Pope from 25 November 1277 to his death in 1280.
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Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is a textural term for an igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass.
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Principality of Catalonia
The Principality of Catalonia (Principat de Catalunya, Principatus Cathaloniæ, Principautat de Catalonha, Principado de Cataluña) was a medieval and early modern political entity or state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula.
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Purgatory
In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory (via Anglo-Norman and Old French) is an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven," holding that "certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come." And that entrance into Heaven requires the "remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven," for which indulgences may be given which remove "either part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin," such as an "unhealthy attachment" to sin.
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Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.
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Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer IV (c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called the Saint, was the Count of Barcelona who brought about the union of his County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon.
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Raynald of Châtillon
Raynald of Châtillon, also known as Reynald or Reginald of Châtillon (Renaud de Châtillon; 1125 – 4 July 1187), was Prince of Antioch from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain from 1175 until his death.
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Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.
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Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile
Richeza of Poland (also known as of Silesia) (Ryksa Polska or Śląska) (c. 1140 – 16 June 1185) was a Polish princess of the House of Piast in the Silesian branch.
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Robert, King of Naples
Robert of Anjou (Roberto d'Angiò), known as Robert the Wise (Roberto il Saggio; 1275 – 20 January 1343), was King of Naples, titular King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1309 to 1343, the central figure of Italian politics of his time.
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Roger of Lauria
Roger of Lauria (c. 1245 – 17 January 1305) was an Italian admiral in Aragonese service, who was the commander of the fleet of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
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Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix
Roger Bernard II (c. 1195 – 26 May 1241), called the Great, was the sixth count of Foix from 1223 until his death.
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Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix
Roger-Bernard III (1243 – 3 March 1302) was the Count of Foix from 1265 to his death.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona
The Archdiocese of Tarragona (Latin, Tarraconensis) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Tarragona, part of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
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Royal Courts of Justice
The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a court building in London which houses the High Court and Court of Appeal of England and Wales.
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Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon
Sancha of Castile (21 September 1154/5 – 9 November 1208) was the only surviving child of King Alfonso VII of Castile by his second wife, Richeza of Poland.
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Sancho IV of Castile
Sancho IV of Castile (12 May 1258 – 25 April 1295) called the Brave (el Bravo), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1284 to his death.
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Santarém, Portugal
Santarém is a city and municipality located in the district of Santarém in Portugal.
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Santes Creus
Monastery of Santa Maria de Santes Creus (Reial Monestir de Santa Maria de Santes Creus) is a Cistercian monastery in the municipality of Aiguamúrcia, Catalonia, Spain.
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Sicilian Vespers
The Sicilian Vespers (Vespri siciliani; Vespiri siciliani) is the name given to the successful rebellion on the island of Sicily that broke out at Easter, 1282 against the rule of the French-born king Charles I, who had ruled the Kingdom of Sicily since 1266.
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Sirventes
The sirventes or serventes, sometimes translated as "service song", was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by the troubadours.
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Solidus (coin)
The solidus (Latin for "solid"; solidi), nomisma (νόμισμα, nómisma, "coin"), or bezant was originally a relatively pure gold coin issued in the Late Roman Empire.
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Southern Italy
Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.
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Strait of Messina
The Strait of Messina (Stretto di Messina), is a narrow strait between the eastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and the western tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in the south of Italy.
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Tarragona
Tarragona (Phoenician: Tarqon; Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea.
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Theodore II Laskaris
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Θεόδωρος Β΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις, Theodōros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222 – August 18, 1258) was Emperor of Nicaea from 1254 to 1258.
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Trapani
Trapani (Tràpani; Drepanon, Δρέπανον) is a city and comune on the west coast of Sicily in Italy.
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Troubadour
A troubadour (trobador, archaically: -->) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350).
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Tudela, Navarre
Tudela is a municipality in Spain, the second largest city of the autonomous community of Navarre and twice a former Latin bishopric.
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Tunis
Tunis (تونس) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia.
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Tunisia
Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.
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Union of Aragon
The Union of Aragon (Castilian: Unión de Aragón) or "Union of the Nobles" was an anti-royalist movement among the nobility and the townsmen of the lands of the Crown of Aragon during the last quarter of the thirteenth century.
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Valencia
Valencia, officially València, on the east coast of Spain, is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre.
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Vilafranca del Penedès
Vilafranca del Penedès, or simply Vilafranca, is the capital of the ''comarca'' of the Alt Penedès in Catalonia, Spain.
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Violant of Hungary
Violant of Hungary (c. 1215 – c. 1251) was a Queen consort of Aragon and the second wife of King James I of Aragon.
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William VII of Montpellier
William VII of Montpellier was the eldest son of William VI and of his wife Sibylle.
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William VIII of Montpellier
William VIII of Montpellier (in Occitan: Guilhem VIII; died 1202) was Lord of Montpellier, the son of William VII.
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Yolanda de Courtenay
Yolanda de Courtenay (c. 1200 – June 1233), was a Queen of Hungary as the second wife of King Andrew II of Hungary.
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Yolanda of Flanders
Yolanda of Flanders (Yolande de Hainault; 1175 – August 1219) was Empress of the Latin Empire in Constantinople by marriage to Peter II of Courtenay.
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Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria
Yolanda of Aragon (1273 – August 1302) was the daughter of Peter III of Aragon and Constance of Sicily.
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Zaragoza
Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.
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Redirects here:
Pedro III of Aragon, Peeter III of Aragon, Pere I of Valencia, Pere II of Barcelona, Pere III of Aragon, Pere el Gran, Peter I of Sicily, Peter I of Valencia, Peter II of Barcelona, Peter III of Aragón, Peter III the Great.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon
