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205 relations: Actin, Activation, Active site, Active transport, ADP ribosylation factor, Allosteric regulation, Alpha-synuclein, Alzheimer's disease, Amino acid, Amyloid beta, Amyloid precursor protein, Animal, Apoptosis, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arginine, Aromaticity, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Autotaxin, Bacteria, Base (chemistry), Binding domain, Binding site, Biological membrane, Biological process, Bond cleavage, Breast cancer, C2 domain, Calcium, Calcium in biology, Cancer, Cancer cell, Cancer staging, Carcinogenesis, Cardiolipin, CDC42, CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase, Cell (biology), Cell growth, Cell membrane, Cell migration, Cell signaling, Cell type, Cellular differentiation, Chemical affinity, Chemical polarity, Choline, Cloning, Cofactor (biochemistry), Colorectal cancer, ..., Conformational change, Conserved sequence, Cooperative binding, Covalent bond, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Diabetes mellitus, Diacylglycerol kinase, Diffusion, Diglyceride, Disease, DNA, Electric charge, Electrical conduction system of the heart, Elementary reaction, Emotional dysregulation, Endocytosis, Endonuclease, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endosome, Enzyme, Enzyme activator, Enzyme assay, Enzyme catalysis, Escherichia coli, Ethanol, Exocytosis, Extracellular, Extracellular signal–regulated kinases, Functional group, G beta-gamma complex, Gamma secretase, Gene, Gene duplication, Gene expression, Golgi apparatus, Granule (cell biology), Heterotrimeric G protein, Histidine, Hormone, Hydrolysis, Hypothesis, Imidazole, In vitro, In vivo, Inflammation, Intracellular, Inverted repeat, Isozyme, Kidney cancer, Lewy body, Lipid, Lipid raft, List of cancer types, Lymphocyte, Lysine, Lysophosphatidic acid, Lysosome, Malignancy, Mammal, Membrane, Membrane curvature, Membrane lipid, Membrane transport, Metabolic pathway, Mitosis, Molecular binding, Molecular mass, Molecule, Monounsaturated fat, MTOR, N-Butanol, Neurodegeneration, Neuron, Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitter, Nucleophile, Nucleophilic addition, Oncogene, Parkinson's disease, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Peripheral blood lymphocyte, Phagocytosis, Phenotype, Phosphatidate phosphatase, Phosphatidic acid, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, Phosphodiester bond, Phospholipase, Phospholipase D1, Phospholipid, Physiology, PLD2, PLD3, PLD5, Pleckstrin homology domain, Polyunsaturated fat, Primary alcohol, Protein, Protein aggregation, Protein complex, Protein domain, Protein family, Protein isoform, Protein kinase, Protein kinase C, Protein primary structure, Protein purification, Protein superfamily, Protein targeting, Protein–protein interaction, Proteolysis, PSEN1, PX domain, Rac (GTPase), RAC1, Ras superfamily, Reaction intermediate, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Regulation of gene expression, Regulatory enzyme, Regulatory sequence, Residue (chemistry), Rho family of GTPases, RHOA, Ricinus, Saturation (chemistry), Second messenger system, Senile plaques, Sequence, Sequence motif, Signal transduction, Small GTPase, Solubility, Sphingosine kinase 1, Stimulus (physiology), Stomach cancer, Structural motif, Subcellular localization, Substrate (chemistry), Symptom, Table tennis, Taxonomic rank, Tyrosine kinase, Unified atomic mass unit, Upstream and downstream (transduction), Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Vesicle fusion, Viral protein. Expand index (155 more) »
Actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments.
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Activation
Activation in (bio-)chemical sciences generally refers to the process whereby something is prepared or excited for a subsequent reaction.
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Active site
In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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Active transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration—in the direction against the concentration gradient.
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ADP ribosylation factor
ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily.
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Allosteric regulation
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
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Alpha-synuclein
Alpha-synuclein is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Amyloid beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.
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Amyloid precursor protein
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.
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Asparagine
Asparagine (symbol Asn or N), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; salts known as aspartates), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Autotaxin
Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (E-NPP 2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP2 gene.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Base (chemistry)
In chemistry, bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor, and/or contain completely or partially displaceable OH− ions.
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Binding domain
A binding domain is a protein domain which binds to a specific atom or molecule, such as calcium or DNA.
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Binding site
In biochemistry, a binding site is a region on a protein or piece of DNA or RNA to which ligands (specific molecules and/or ions) may form a chemical bond.
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Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating membrane that acts as a selectively permeable barrier within living things.
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Biological process
Biological processes are the processes vital for a living organism to live.
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Bond cleavage
Bond cleavage, or scission, is the splitting of chemical bonds.
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Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
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C2 domain
A C2 domain is a protein structural domain involved in targeting proteins to cell membranes.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Calcium in biology
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cancer cell
Cancer cells are cells that divide relentlessly, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood with abnormal cells.
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Cancer staging
Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has developed by growing and spreading.
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Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
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Cardiolipin
Cardiolipin (IUPAC name "1,3-bis(sn-3’-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol") is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition.
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CDC42
Cell division control protein 42 homolog, also known as Cdc42, is a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle.
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CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase
In enzymology, a CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-diacylglycerol and L-serine, whereas its two products are CMP and (3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-serine.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
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Cell signaling
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions.
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Cell type
A cell type is a classification used to distinguish between morphologically or phenotypically distinct cell forms within a species.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Chemical affinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds.
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Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multipole moment.
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Choline
Choline is a water-soluble vitamin-like essential nutrient.
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Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.
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Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.
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Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
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Conformational change
In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.
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Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences) or within a genome (paralogous sequences).
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Cooperative binding
Molecular binding is an interaction between molecules that results in a stable physical association between those molecules.
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Covalent bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Cytoskeleton
A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).
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Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Diacylglycerol kinase
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK or DAGK) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.
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Disease
A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Electric charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
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Electrical conduction system of the heart
The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle.
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Elementary reaction
An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state.
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Emotional dysregulation
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a term used in the mental health community to refer to an emotional response that is poorly modulated, and does not fall within the conventionally accepted range of emotive response.
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.
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Endonuclease
Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Endosome
In cell biology, an endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme activator
Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity.
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Enzyme assay
Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity.
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Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the active site of a protein.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis) by expelling them through an energy-dependent process.
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Extracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the cell".
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Extracellular signal–regulated kinases
In molecular biology, extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells.
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Functional group
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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G beta-gamma complex
The G beta-gamma complex (Gβγ) is a tightly bound dimeric protein complex, composed of one Gβ and one Gγ subunit, and is a component of heterotrimeric G proteins.
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Gamma secretase
Gamma secretase is a multi-subunit protease complex, itself an integral membrane protein, that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues within the transmembrane domain.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
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Granule (cell biology)
In cell biology, a granule is a small particle.
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Heterotrimeric G protein
"G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller, monomeric small GTPases).
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Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Imidazole
Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Intracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word intracellular means "inside the cell".
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Inverted repeat
An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its reverse complement.
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Isozyme
Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
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Kidney cancer
Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the cells in the kidney.
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Lewy body
Lewy bodies are abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells, contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD), the Lewy body dementias (Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies), and some other disorders.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organised in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts.
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List of cancer types
This is a list of cancer types.
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Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
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Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Lysophosphatidic acid
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid derivative that can act as a signaling molecule.
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Lysosome
A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle found in nearly all animal cells.
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Malignancy
Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Membrane
A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others.
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Membrane curvature
Membrane curvature is the geometrical measure or characterization of the curvature of membranes.
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Membrane lipid
A membrane lipid is a compound which belongs to a group of (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the double-layered surface of all cells (lipid bilayer).
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Membrane transport
In cellular biology, membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them.
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Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Molecular binding
Molecular binding is an attractive interaction between two molecules that results in a stable association in which the molecules are in close proximity to each other.
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Molecular mass
Relative Molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Monounsaturated fat
In biochemistry and nutrition, monounsaturated fatty acids (abbreviated MUFAs, or more plainly monounsaturated fats) are fatty acids that have one double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remainder carbon atoms being single-bonded.
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MTOR
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin and FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 (FRAP1), is a kinase that in humans is encoded by the MTOR gene.
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N-Butanol
n-Butanol or n-butyl alcohol or normal butanol is a primary alcohol with a 4-carbon structure and the chemical formula C4H9OH.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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Nucleophilic addition
In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound with an electron-deficient or electrophilic double or triple bond, a π bond, reacts with electron-rich reactant, termed a nucleophile, with disappearance of the double bond and creation of two new single, or σ, bonds.
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Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that leads to the diseased state.
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Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology or physiopathology is a convergence of pathology with physiology.
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Peripheral blood lymphocyte
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood, rather than localising to organs (such as the spleen or lymph nodes).
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Phagocytosis
In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Phosphatidate phosphatase
Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) is a key regulatory enzyme in lipid metabolism, catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol.
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Phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidic acids are phospholipids which on hydrolysis give rise to one molecule of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids.
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Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.
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Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylethanolamines are a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes.
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Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol consists of a family of lipids as illustrated on the right, a class of the phosphatidylglycerides.
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), abbreviated PIP3, is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2).
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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes.
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) is a phosphoinositide, one of the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), that are well-established membrane-anchored regulatory molecules.
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Phosphodiester bond
A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.
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Phospholipase
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances.
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Phospholipase D1
Phospholipase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene.
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Phospholipid
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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PLD2
Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.
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PLD3
Phospholipase D3, also known as PLD3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLD3 gene.
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PLD5
Phospholipase D family, member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLD5 gene.
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Pleckstrin homology domain
Pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain) is a protein domain of approximately 120 amino acids that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
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Polyunsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fats are fats in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
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Primary alcohol
A primary alcohol is an alcohol which has the hydroxyl group connected to a primary carbon atom.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein aggregation
Protein aggregation is a biological phenomenon in which mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly.
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Protein complex
A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains.
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Protein domain
A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain.
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Protein family
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins.
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Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
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Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation).
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Protein purification
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms.
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Protein superfamily
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology).
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Protein targeting
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to the appropriate destinations in the cell or outside it.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
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PSEN1
Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene.
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PX domain
The PX domain is a phosphoinositide-binding structural domain involved in targeting of proteins to cell membranes.
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Rac (GTPase)
Rac is a subfamily of the Rho family of GTPases, small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins (more specifically a GTPase).
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RAC1
Rac1, also known as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein found in human cells.
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Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily is a protein superfamily of small GTPases.
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Reaction intermediate
A reaction intermediate or an intermediate is a molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, other proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of plasma membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being absorbed (endocytosis).
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Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation.
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Regulatory enzyme
A regulatory enzyme is an enzyme in a biochemical pathway which, through its responses to the presence of certain other biomolecules, regulates the pathway activity.
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Regulatory sequence
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism.
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Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events.
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Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily.
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RHOA
Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family.
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Ricinus
Ricinus communis, the castor bean or castor oil plant, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.
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Saturation (chemistry)
In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity.
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Second messenger system
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
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Senile plaques
Senile plaques (also known as neuritic plaques) are extracellular deposits of amyloid beta in the grey matter of the brain.
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Sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed.
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Sequence motif
In genetics, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and has, or is conjectured to have, a biological significance.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Small GTPase
Small GTPases, also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Sphingosine kinase 1
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPHK1 gene.
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Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.
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Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.
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Structural motif
In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a supersecondary structure, which also appears in a variety of other molecules.
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Subcellular localization
The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments.
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Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product.
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Symptom
A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
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Table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.
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Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.
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Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell.
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Unified atomic mass unit
The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).
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Upstream and downstream (transduction)
In molecular biology, the terms upstream and downstream can refer to the temporal and mechanistic order of cellular and molecular events.
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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
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Vesicle fusion
Vesicle fusion is the merging of a vesicle with other vesicles or a part of a cell membrane.
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Viral protein
A viral protein is both a component and a product of a virus.
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Redirects here:
Choline phosphatase, EC 3.1.4.4, Lecithinase D, Lipophosphodiesterase II, Phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, Phospholipase d.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_D
