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147 relations: Abraham Cuyler, Alexander McGillivray, Algonquian languages, Allan W. Eckert, Allegheny Mountains, American Indian Wars, American Revolution, Anglo-Cherokee War, Battle of Bloody Run, Battle of Bushy Run, Battle of Devil's Hole, Battle of Wyoming, Bemino, Benjamin Franklin, Blockhouse, Blue Jacket, Board of Trade, British Army, British North America, Cannibalism, Central Michigan University, Charlot Kaské, Cherokee, Colonial American military history, Commander-in-Chief, North America, Council Point Park, Covenant Chain, CRC Press, Eastern Continental Divide, Ecorse River, Enoch Brown school massacre, Erie, Pennsylvania, Ethnic cleansing, European colonization of the Americas, First Nations, Florida, Fort Bedford, Fort de Chartres, Fort Detroit, Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Ligonier, Fort Michilimackinac, Fort Niagara, Fort Ontario, Fort Ouiatenon, Fort Presque Isle, Fort Sandusky, Fort Schlosser, Fort St. Joseph (Niles, Michigan), Fort Venango, ..., Fort Wayne (fort), Fort Wayne, Indiana, Francis Jennings, Francis Parkman, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, Franklin, Pennsylvania, Fred Anderson (historian), French and Indian War, French and Indian Wars, Fur trade, Genesee River, Genocide, George Croghan, George III of the United Kingdom, Great Lakes region, Great Spirit, Greenwood Publishing Group, Guyasuta, Habitants, Henry Bouquet, Henry Gladwin, Illinois Country, Indian Department, Indian Reserve (1763), Indigenous North American stickball, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Iroquoian languages, Iroquois, Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, John Bradstreet, John Penn (governor), Joseph Brant, Kickapoo people, Kingdom of Great Britain, Lacrosse, Lafayette, Indiana, Lake Erie, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Lazarus Stewart, Lenape, Library of Congress, Library of Congress Subject Headings, Lincoln Park, Michigan, List of Indian massacres, Mackinaw City, Michigan, Mascouten, Maumee River, Miami people, Militia (United States), Mingo, Mississippi River, Muskingum River, Neolin, New France, New Orleans, Niagara Falls, Niles, Michigan, Odawa, Ohio Country, Ojibwe, Open Library, Paxtang, Pennsylvania, Paxton Boys, Philadelphia, Piankeshaw, Point Pelee National Park, Pontiac (Ottawa leader), Potawatomi, Power projection, Quebec, Richard White (historian), Royal Proclamation of 1763, Sauk people, Scalping, Seneca people, Seven Years' War, Shawnee, Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Smallpox, Susquehanna River, Susquehannock, Syncretism, Tecumseh, Theater (warfare), Thomas Gage, Treaty of Easton, Treaty of Fort Niagara, Treaty of Fort Stanwix, Treaty of Paris (1763), Tribe, Turtleheart, Vigilante, Wampum, Waterford, Pennsylvania, Wea, William Trent, Wyandot people. Expand index (97 more) »
Abraham Cuyler
Abraham Cornelius Cuyler (April 11, 1742 – February 5, 1810) was a businessman and the last mayor of colonial Albany, New York, the third generation in a row to serve in that office.
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Alexander McGillivray
Alexander McGillivray, also known as Hoboi-Hili-Miko (December 15, 1750February 17, 1793), was a métis, son of a Scots trader and plantation owner and a Creek woman, also a métis.
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Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (or; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family.
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Allan W. Eckert
Allan Wesley Eckert (January 30, 1931 – July 7, 2011) was an American writer who specialized in historical novels for adults and children, and was also a naturalist.
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Allegheny Mountains
The Allegheny Mountain Range, informally the Alleghenies and also spelled Alleghany and Allegany, is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States and Canada and posed a significant barrier to land travel in less technologically advanced eras.
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American Indian Wars
The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes.
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783.
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Anglo-Cherokee War
The Anglo–Cherokee War (1758–1761; in the Cherokee language: the "war with those in the red coats" or "War with the English"), was also known from the Anglo-European perspective as the Cherokee War, the Cherokee Uprising, or the Cherokee Rebellion.
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Battle of Bloody Run
The Battle of Bloody Run was fought during Pontiac's Rebellion on July 31, 1763 on what now is the site of Elmwood Cemetery.
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Battle of Bushy Run
The Battle of Bushy Run was fought on August 5–6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors.
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Battle of Devil's Hole
The Battle of Devil's Hole, also known as the Devil's Hole Massacre, was fought near Niagara Gorge in present-day New York state on September 14, 1763, between a detachment of the British 80th Regiment of Light Armed Foot and about 300 Seneca warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766).
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Battle of Wyoming
The Battle of Wyoming (also known as the Wyoming Massacre) was an encounter during the American Revolutionary War between American Patriots and Loyalists accompanied by Iroquois raiders that took place in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania on July 3, 1778.
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Bemino
Bemino (fl. 1710s–1780s)—known as John Killbuck Sr. to white settlers—was a renowned medicine man and war leader of Shawnee and Delaware (Lenape) warriors during the French and Indian War (1754–63).
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
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Blockhouse
In military science, a blockhouse is a small fortification, usually consisting of one or more rooms with loopholes, allowing its defenders to fire in various directions.
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Blue Jacket
Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. 1743 – 1810) was a war chief of the Shawnee people, known for his militant defense of Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country.
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Board of Trade
The Board of Trade is a British government department concerned with commerce and industry, currently within the Department for International Trade.
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British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.
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British North America
The term "British North America" refers to the former territories of the British Empire on the mainland of North America.
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Cannibalism
Cannibalism is the act of one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.
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Central Michigan University
Central Michigan University (CMU) is a public research university located in Mount Pleasant in the U.S. state of Michigan.
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Charlot Kaské
Charlot Kaské (fl. 1763–1765) was a Shawnee war chief during Pontiac's War.
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Cherokee
The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.
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Colonial American military history
Colonial American military history is the military record of the Thirteen Colonies from their founding to the American Revolution in 1775.
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Commander-in-Chief, North America
The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America was a military position of the British Army.
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Council Point Park
Council Point Park is a park in Lincoln Park, Michigan.
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Covenant Chain
The Covenant Chain was a series of alliances and treaties developed during the seventeenth century, primarily between the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) and the British colonies of North America, with other Native American tribes added.
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CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.
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Eastern Continental Divide
The Eastern Continental Divide (ECD) or Appalachian Divide or Eastern Divide, in conjunction with other continental divides of North America, demarcates two watersheds of the Atlantic Ocean: the Gulf of Mexico watershed and the Atlantic Seaboard watershed.
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Ecorse River
The Ecorse River is an U.S. Geological Survey.
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Enoch Brown school massacre
The Enoch Brown school massacre was "one of the most notorious incidents"Middleton, p. 171 of Pontiac's War.
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Erie, Pennsylvania
Erie is a city in and the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.
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European colonization of the Americas
The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Europe.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Florida
Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.
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Fort Bedford
Fort Bedford was a French and Indian War-era British military fortification located at the present site of Bedford, Pennsylvania.
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Fort de Chartres
Fort de Chartres was a French fortification first built in 1720 on the east bank of the Mississippi River in present-day Illinois, it was used as an administrative center for the province.
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Fort Detroit
Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or Fort Detroit was a fort established on the west bank of the Detroit River by the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac in 1701.
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Fort Le Boeuf
Fort Le Boeuf, (often referred to as Fort de la Rivière au Bœuf), was a fort established by the French during 1753 on a fork of French Creek (in the drainage area of the River Ohio), in present-day Waterford, in northwest Pennsylvania.
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Fort Ligonier
Fort Ligonier is a British fortification from the French and Indian War located in Ligonier, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Fort Michilimackinac
Fort Michilimackinac was an 18th-century French, and later British, fort and trading post at the Straits of Mackinac; it was built on the northern tip of the lower peninsula of the present-day state of Michigan in the United States.
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Fort Niagara
Fort Niagara is a fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in North America.
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Fort Ontario
Fort Ontario is a historic fort situated by the City of Oswego, in Oswego County, New York in the United States of America.
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Fort Ouiatenon
Fort Ouiatenon, built in 1717, was the first fortified European settlement in what is now called Indiana.
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Fort Presque Isle
Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in summer 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania, to protect the northern terminus of the Venango Path.
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Fort Sandusky
Fort Sandusky refers to at least three separate military forts that were in several locations in the area of Sandusky Bay, Ohio.
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Fort Schlosser
Fort Schlosser was a fortification built in Western New York in the United States around 1760 by British Colonial forces, in order to guard the upper entrance to the portage around Niagara Falls, near the Porter-Barton Dock.
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Fort St. Joseph (Niles, Michigan)
Fort Saint Joseph was a fort established on land granted to the Jesuits by King Louis XIV; it was located on what is now the south side of the present-day town of Niles, Michigan.
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Fort Venango
Fort Venango, a small British fort built in 1760 near the site of Franklin, Pennsylvania, replaced Fort Machault, a French fort burned by the French in 1759 near the end of the French and Indian War.
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Fort Wayne (fort)
Fort Wayne in modern Fort Wayne, Indiana, was established by Captain Jean François Hamtramck under orders from General "Mad" Anthony Wayne as part of the campaign against the Indians of the area.
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Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Allen County, United States.
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Francis Jennings
Francis "Fritz" Jennings (1918November 17, 2000) was an American historian, best known for his works on the colonial history of the United States.
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Francis Parkman
Francis Parkman Jr. (September 16, 1823 – November 8, 1893) was an American historian, best known as author of The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life and his monumental seven-volume France and England in North America. These works are still valued as historical sources and as literature.
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Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Franklin County is a county located in South Central Pennsylvania.
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Franklin, Pennsylvania
Franklin is a city in Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Fred Anderson (historian)
Fred Anderson (born 1949) is an American historian of early North American history.
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French and Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–63) comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63.
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French and Indian Wars
The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars.
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Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.
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Genesee River
The Genesee River is a tributary of Lake Ontario flowing northward through the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York in the United States.
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Genocide
Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.
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George Croghan
George Croghan (c. 1718 – August 31, 1782) was an Irish-born fur trader in the Ohio Country of North America (current United States) who became the region's key figure earlier than his 1746 appointment to the Iroquois' Onondaga Council and remained so until his banishment from the frontier in 1777. Emigrating to Pennsylvania in 1741, he became an important trader by going to the villages of Native Americans, learning their languages and customs, and working on the frontier where previously mostly French had been trading. During and after King George's War of the 1740s, he helped negotiate new treaties and alliances with Native Americans. Croghan was appointed in 1756 as Deputy Indian Agent with chief responsibility for the Ohio region tribes, assisting Sir William Johnson, British Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Northern District, who was based in New York and had strong alliances with the Iroquois. Beginning in the 1740s and following this appointment, Croghan amassed hundreds of thousands of acres of land in today's western Pennsylvania and New York by official grants and from Native American purchases. Beginning in 1754, he was a rival of George Washington for influence in Ohio Country and remained far more powerful there for more than 20 additional years, until 1777 during the American Revolutionary War when he was falsely accused of treason. He was acquitted the following year but patriot authorities did not allow him back in the Ohio territory. Croghan's central role in Ohio Country events finds ample evidence in his two main biographers, yet they understate it. He is irrelevant or missing in recent George Washington biographies and the necessity of Croghan's as the through story is not yet seen in histories of the region or books on the French and Indian War, the North American sector of the Seven Years' War between Britain and France. Ohio's recorded history begins with Croghan's actions in the mid-1740s as fur trader, Iroquois sachem, and go-between for Pennsylvania, according to historian Alfred A. Cave. Cave concludes that the treason charge that ended Croghan's career was trumped up by his enemies. Western Pennsylvania became the focal point of events in August, 1749 when Croghan purchased 200,000 acres from the Iroqouis, exclusive of two square miles at the Forks of the Ohio for a British fort. Croghan soon learned that his three deeds would be invalidated if part of Pennsylvania, sabotaged that colony's effort to erect the fort, and led the Ohio Confederation to permit Virginia's Ohio Company to build it and settle the region. Late in 1753 Virginia sent George Washington to the Ohio Country, who would eventually end Croghan's influence there. Braddock's Defeat in 1755 and French control of Ohio Country, which they called the Illinois Country, indicating the area of their greater settlement, found Croghan building forts on the Pennsylvania frontier. Following which he manned the farthest frontier post in present-day New York as Deputy Indian agent under Sir William Johnson, called the "Mohawk Baron" for his extensive landholdings and leadership with the Mohawk and other Iroquois. Croghan briefly lived until 1770 on a quarter of a million New York acres. He resigned as Indian agent in 1771 to establish Vandalia, a fourteenth British colony to include parts of present-day West Virginia, southwestern Pennsylvania, and eastern Kentucky, but continued to serve as a borderland negotiator for Johnson, who died a British loyalist in 1774. While working to keep the Ohio Indians neutral during the Revolutionary War, Croghan served as Pittsburgh's president judge for Virginia and chairman of its Committee of Safety. General Edward Hand, the local military commander, banished Col. Croghan from the frontier in 1777 on suspicion of treason. Despite his acquittal in a November, 1778 trial, Croghan was not allowed to return to the frontier. His death in 1782, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War, received little if any notice. Although often quoted by historians, the story of Croghan's 30 years as the pivotal figure in Ohio Country history is only found in the handful of biographies.
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George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
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Great Lakes region
The Great Lakes region of North America is a bi-national Canada-American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as well as the Canadian province of Ontario.
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Great Spirit
The Great Spirit, known as Wakan Tanka among the Sioux,Ostler, Jeffry.
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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Guyasuta
Guyasuta (c. 1725–c. 1794) was an important leader of the Seneca people in the second half of the eighteenth century, playing a central role in the diplomacy and warfare of that era.
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Habitants
Habitants were French settlers and the inhabitants of French origin who farmed the land along the two shores of the St. Lawrence River and Gulf in what is the present-day Province of Quebec in Canada.
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Henry Bouquet
Henry Louis Bouquet, generally known as Henry Bouquet (1719 – 2 September 1765), was a prominent British Army officer in the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War.
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Henry Gladwin
Major-General Henry Gladwin (1729 or 1730 – 22 June 1791) was a British army officer in colonial America and the British commander at the Siege of Fort Detroit during Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763.
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Illinois Country
The Illinois Country (Pays des Illinois, lit. "land of the Illinois (plural)", i.e. the Illinois people) — sometimes referred to as Upper Louisiana (la Haute-Louisiane; Alta Luisiana) — was a vast region of New France in what is now the Midwestern United States.
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Indian Department
The Indian Department was established in 1755 to oversee relations between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and those First Nations in British North America.
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Indian Reserve (1763)
The Indian Reserve is a historical term for the largely uncolonized area in North America acquired by Great Britain from France through the Treaty of Paris (1763) at the end of the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in the North American theatre), and set aside in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for use by American Indians, who already inhabited it.
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Indigenous North American stickball
Native American stickball is considered to be one of the oldest team sports in North America.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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Iroquoian languages
The Iroquoian languages are a language family of indigenous peoples of North America.
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Iroquois
The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.
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Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, (29 January 1717 – 3 August 1797) served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.
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John Bradstreet
Major General John Bradstreet, born Jean-Baptiste Bradstreet (21 December 1714 – 25 September 1774) was a British Army officer during King George's War, the French and Indian War, and Pontiac's Rebellion.
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John Penn (governor)
John Penn (14 July 1729 – 9 February 1795) was the last governor of colonial Pennsylvania, serving in that office from 1763 to 1771 and from 1773 to 1776.
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Joseph Brant
Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (March 1743 – November 24, 1807) was a Mohawk military and political leader, based in present-day New York, who was closely associated with Great Britain during and after the American Revolution.
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Kickapoo people
The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.
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Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.
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Lacrosse
Lacrosse is a team sport played with a lacrosse stick and a lacrosse ball.
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Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (or lah-fee-YET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, located northwest of Indianapolis and southeast of Chicago.
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Lake Erie
Lake Erie is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.
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Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city located in South Central Pennsylvania which serves as the seat of Pennsylvania's Lancaster County and one of the oldest inland towns in the United States.
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Lazarus Stewart
Captain Lazarus Stewart (July 4, 1734 – July 3, 1778) was an 18th-century Pennsylvanian frontiersman and member of the Paxton Rangers.
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Lenape
The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Library of Congress Subject Headings
The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) comprise a thesaurus (in the information science sense, a controlled vocabulary) of subject headings, maintained by the United States Library of Congress, for use in bibliographic records.
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Lincoln Park, Michigan
Lincoln Park is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
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List of Indian massacres
In the history of the European colonization of the Americas, an atrocity termed "Indian massacre" is a specific incident wherein a group of people (military, mob or other) deliberately kill a significant number of unarmed, defenseless people — usually civilian noncombatants — or to the summary execution of prisoners-of-war.
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Mackinaw City, Michigan
Mackinaw City is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U.S. state of Michigan.
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Mascouten
The Mascouten (also Mascoutin, Mathkoutench, Muscoden, or Musketoon) were a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans located in the Midwest.
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Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiw) is a river running from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie in the United States.
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Miami people
The Miami (Miami-Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages.
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Militia (United States)
The militia of the United States, as defined by the U.S. Congress, has changed over time.
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Mingo
The Mingo people are an Iroquoian-speaking group of Native Americans made up of peoples who migrated west to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, primarily Seneca and Cayuga.
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Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.
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Muskingum River
The Muskingum River (Shawnee: Wakatamothiipi) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km) long, in southeastern Ohio in the United States.
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Neolin
Neolin (meaning the enlightened in Algonquian) was a prophet of the Lenni Lenape (also known as Delaware) from the area of Muskingum County, Ohio.
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New France
New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.
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New Orleans
New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.
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Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the American state of New York.
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Niles, Michigan
Niles is a city in Berrien and Cass counties in the U.S. state of Michigan, near South Bend, Indiana.
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Odawa
The Odawa (also Ottawa or Odaawaa), said to mean "traders", are an Indigenous American ethnic group who primarily inhabit land in the northern United States and southern Canada.
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Ohio Country
The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory or Ohio Valley by the French) was a name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake Erie.
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Ojibwe
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island.
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Open Library
Open Library is an online project intended to create "one web page for every book ever published".
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Paxtang, Pennsylvania
Paxtang is a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Paxton Boys
The Paxton Boys were frontiersmen of Scots-Irish origin from along the Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania who formed a vigilante group to retaliate in 1763 against local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiac's Rebellion.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.
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Piankeshaw
The Piankeshaw (or Piankashaw) Indians were Native Americans and members of the Miami Indians who lived apart from the rest of the Miami nation.
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Point Pelee National Park
Point Pelee National Park (French: Parc national de la Pointe-Pelée) is a national park in Essex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada where it extends into Lake Erie.
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Pontiac (Ottawa leader)
Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769) was an Odawa war chief known for his role in the war named for him, from 1763 to 1766 leading American Indians in a struggle against British military occupation of the Great Lakes region.
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Potawatomi
ThePottawatomi, also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother" and were referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. In the 19th century, they were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment in the late 18th century and removed from their lands in the Great Lakes region to reservations in Oklahoma. Under Indian Removal, they eventually ceded many of their lands, and most of the Potawatomi relocated to Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian Territory, now in Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes. In Canada, there are over 20 First Nation bands.
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Power projection
Power projection (or force projection) is a term used in military and political science to refer to the capacity of a state "to apply all or some of its elements of national power — political, economic, informational, or military — to rapidly and effectively deploy and sustain forces in and from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, to contribute to deterrence, and to enhance regional stability." This ability is a crucial element of a state's power in international relations.
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Quebec
Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.
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Richard White (historian)
Richard White (born May 28, 1947) is an American historian, a past President of the Organization of American Historians, and the author of influential books on the American West, Native American history, railroads, and environmental history.
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Royal Proclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.
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Sauk people
The Sac or Sauk are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667.
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Scalping
Scalping is the act of cutting or tearing a part of the human scalp, with hair attached, from the head of an enemy as a trophy.
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Seneca people
The Seneca are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Shawnee
The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.
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Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet
Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet (171511 July 1774) was an Irish official of the British Empire.
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Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
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Susquehanna River
The Susquehanna River (Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the northeastern United States.
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Susquehannock
Susquehannock people, also called the Conestoga (by the English)The American Heritage Book of Indians, pages 188-189 were Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River and its tributaries ranging from its upper reaches in the southern part of what is now New York (near the lands of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy), through eastern and central Pennsylvania West of the Poconos and the upper Delaware River (and the Delaware nations), with lands extending beyond the mouth of the Susquehanna in Maryland along the west bank of the Potomac at the north end of the Chesapeake Bay.
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Syncretism
Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought.
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Tecumseh
Tecumseh (March 1768 – October 5, 1813) was a Native American Shawnee warrior and chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early 19th century.
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Theater (warfare)
In warfare, a theater or theatre (see spelling differences) is an area or place in which important military events occur or are progressing.
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Thomas Gage
General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of the American Revolution. Being born to an aristocratic family in England, he entered military service, seeing action in the French and Indian War, where he served alongside his future opponent George Washington in the 1755 Battle of the Monongahela. After the fall of Montreal in 1760, he was named its military governor. During this time he did not distinguish himself militarily, but proved himself to be a competent administrator. From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America, overseeing the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, with instructions to implement the Intolerable Acts, punishing Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. His attempts to seize military stores of Patriot militias in April 1775 sparked the Battles of Lexington and Concord, beginning the American Revolutionary War. After the Pyrrhic victory in the June Battle of Bunker Hill, he was replaced by General William Howe in October, 1775, and returned to Great Britain.
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Treaty of Easton
The Treaty of Easton was a colonial agreement in North America signed in October 1758 during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) between British colonials and the chiefs of 13 Native American nations, representing tribes of the Iroquois, Lenape (Delaware), and Shawnee.
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Treaty of Fort Niagara
The Treaty of Fort Niagara is one of several treaties signed between the British Crown and various indigenous peoples of North America.
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Treaty of Fort Stanwix
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix was a treaty between Native Americans and Great Britain, signed in 1768 at Fort Stanwix, in present-day Rome, New York.
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Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
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Tribe
A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.
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Turtleheart
Turtleheart (Turtle's Heart or Tortle's Heart) was a Delaware (Lenape) principal warrior and chief who lived during the French and Indian Wars, and Pontiac's War.
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Vigilante
A vigilante is a civilian or organization acting in a law enforcement capacity (or in the pursuit of self-perceived justice) without legal authority.
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Wampum
Wampum is a traditional shell bead of the Eastern Woodlands tribes of American Indians.
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Waterford, Pennsylvania
Waterford is a borough in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Wea
The Wea were a Miami-Illinois-speaking Native American tribe originally located in western Indiana, closely related to the Miami Tribe.
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William Trent
William Trent (17151787) was a fur trader and merchant based in colonial Pennsylvania.
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Wyandot people
The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Huron Nation and Huron people, in most historic references are believed to have been the most populous confederacy of Iroquoian cultured indigenous peoples of North America.
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Redirects here:
Boquet Expedition, Bouquet expedition, Conspiracy of Pontiac, Pontiac Conspiracy, Pontiac Uprising, Pontiac's Confederacy, Pontiac's Conspiracy, Pontiac's Rebellion, Pontiac's Revolt, Pontiac's Uprising, Pontiacs Rebellion, Pontiacs war, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Pontiac’s War.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac's_War
