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170 relations: Acetyl group, Acetylation, Acylation, Adenosine monophosphate, Adenylylation, ADP-ribosylation, Alanine, Alkene, Alkyl, Alkylation, Amide, Amine, Amino acid, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Beta-Lysine, Biomarker, Biotinylation, C-terminus, Carbohydrate, Carbonylation, Carboxyglutamic acid, Carboxylate, Cell membrane, Citrullination, Citrulline, Coenzyme A, Covalent bond, Cysteic acid, Cysteine, DcGO, Deamidation, Dehydration reaction, Deltorphin, Demethylation, Dermorphin, Diphthamide, Disulfide, Eastern blot, EEF2, EIF5A, Elimination reaction, Elongation factor P, Enzyme, Ester, Ethyl group, Eukaryote, Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1, Farnesol, ..., Flavin adenine dinucleotide, Flavin group, Flavin mononucleotide, Formylation, Functional group, Geranylgeraniol, Geranylgeranylation, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycan, Glycation, Glycine, Glycoprotein, Glycosyl, Glycosylation, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, Glypiation, Gram-positive bacteria, Halogenation, Heme C, Histidine, Histidine kinase, Histone, Hormone, Hydroxy group, Hydroxylation, Hydroxylysine, Hypusine, Insulin, Intein, Ion, ISG15, Isoaspartate, Isocyanic acid, Isoleucine, Isopeptide bond, Kynurenine, Leucine, Lipid, Lipid-anchored protein, Lipoic acid, Lysine, Mass spectrometry, Messenger RNA, Methionine, Methyl group, Methylation, Methylene group, Myristic acid, Myristoylation, N-linked glycosylation, N-terminus, Neddylation, Neural cell adhesion molecule, Nucleophile, O-linked glycosylation, Opioid peptide, Organophosphate, Oxidative stress, Palmitic acid, Palmitoylation, PEGylation, Peptide bond, Phenylalanine, Phosphate, Phosphopantetheine, Phosphoramidate, Phosphorylation, Phosphoserine, Polyethylene glycol, Polyglutamylation, Polyglycylation, Polysialic acid, Post-translational regulation, Prenylation, Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein, Proline, Protease, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protein folding, Protein methylation, Protein precursor, Protein splicing, Protein targeting, Protein-serine epimerase, Pyroglutamic acid, Racemization, Retinal, Ribosome, RNA polymerase II, S-Glutathionylation, S-Nitrosylation, Schiff base, Serine, Side chain, Signal transduction, Succinic acid, Succinylation, Sulfation, SUMO protein, Terpenoid, Thioester, Thioether, Thiol, Threonine, Thyroglobulin, Transcription (biology), Transfer RNA, Transglutaminase, Translation (biology), Tryptophan, Tubulin, Tyrosine, Tyrosine sulfation, Ubiquitin, Uridine monophosphate, Valine, Vitamin K, Western blot. Expand index (120 more) »
Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a moiety, the acyl with chemical formula CH3CO.
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Acetylation
Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.
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Acylation
In chemistry, acylation (rarely, but more formally: alkanoylation) is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound.
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Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide.
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Adenylylation
Adenylylation, now known as AMPylation, is a process in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to a protein side chain, altering the function of the protein.
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ADP-ribosylation
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein.
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Alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.
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Alkyl
In organic chemistry, an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
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Alkylation
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another.
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Amide
An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Asparagine
Asparagine (symbol Asn or N), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; salts known as aspartates), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Beta-Lysine
β-Lysine (3,6-diaminohexanoic acid) is an amino acid produced by platelets during coagulation and is directly antibacterial by causing lysis of many Gram positive bacteria by acting as a cationic detergent.
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Biomarker
A biomarker, or biological marker, generally refers to a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.
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Biotinylation
In biochemistry, biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to a protein, nucleic acid or other molecule.
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C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
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Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).
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Carbonylation
Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates.
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Carboxyglutamic acid
Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues.
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Carboxylate
A carboxylate is a salt or ester of a carboxylic acid.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Citrullination
Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.
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Citrulline
The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid.
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Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA,SCoA,CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.
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Covalent bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Cysteic acid
Cysteic acid also known as 3-Sulfo-L-alanine is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism.
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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DcGO
dcGO is a comprehensive ontology database for protein domains.
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Deamidation
Deamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide functional group in the side chain of the amino acids asparagine or glutamine is removed or converted to another functional group.
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Dehydration reaction
In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction, also known as Zimmer's hydrogenesis, is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule.
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Deltorphin
Deltorphin, also known as deltorphin A and dermenkephalin, is a naturally occurring, exogenous opioid heptapeptide and thus, exorphin, with the amino acid sequence Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2.
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Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule.
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Dermorphin
Dermorphin is a hepta-peptide first isolated from the skin of South American frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa.
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Diphthamide
Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine amino acid found in archaeal and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2).
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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Eastern blot
The eastern blot is a biochemical technique used to analyze protein post translational modifications (PTM) such as lipids, phosphomoieties and glycoconjugates.
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EEF2
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene.
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EIF5A
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF5A gene.
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Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism.
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Elongation factor P
EF-P (elongation factor P) is a prokaryotic protein translation factor required for efficient peptide bond synthesis on 70S ribosomes from fMet-tRNAfMet.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Ethyl group
In chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent derived from ethane (C2H6).
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene.
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Farnesol
Farnesol is a natural 15-carbon organic compound which is an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol.
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Flavin adenine dinucleotide
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
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Flavin group
Flavin (from Latin flavus, "yellow") is the common name for a group of organic compounds based on pteridine, formed by the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine.
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Flavin mononucleotide
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors.
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Formylation
In biochemistry, the addition of a formyl functional group is termed formylation.
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Functional group
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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Geranylgeraniol
Geranylgeraniol is a diterpene alcohol which plays a role in several important biological processes.
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Geranylgeranylation
Geranylgeranylation is a form of prenylation, which is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the attachment of one or two 20-carbon lipophilic geranylgeranyl isoprene units from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to one or two cysteine residue(s) at the C-terminus of specific proteins.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Glutamine
Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Glycan
The terms glycan and polysaccharide are defined by IUPAC as synonyms meaning "compounds consisting of a large number of monosaccharides linked glycosidically".
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Glycation
Glycation (sometimes called non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the result of the covalent bonding of a sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose, to a protein or lipid molecule, without the controlling action of an enzyme.
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Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.
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Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.
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Glycosyl
A glycosyl group is a univalent free radical or substituent structure obtained by removing the hemiacetal hydroxyl group from the cyclic form of a monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide.
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Glycosylation
Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification.
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Glypiation
Glypiation is the covalent bond of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and is a common post-translational modification that localizes proteins to cell membranes.
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
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Halogenation
Halogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of one or more halogens to a compound or material.
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Heme C
Heme C (or haem C) is an important kind of heme.
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Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Histidine kinase
Histidine kinases (HK) are multifunctional, and in non-animal kingdoms, typically transmembrane, proteins of the transferase class of enzymes that play a role in signal transduction across the cellular membrane.
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Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound.
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Hydroxylysine
Hydroxylysine (Hyl) is an amino acid with the molecular formula C6H14N2O3.
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Hypusine
Hypusine is an unusual amino acid found in all eukaryotes and in some archaea, but not in bacteria.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Intein
An intein is a segment of a protein that is able to excise itself and join the remaining portions (the exteins) with a peptide bond in a process termed protein splicing.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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ISG15
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDA secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene.
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Isoaspartate
Isoaspartic acid (isoaspartate) is an amino acid that is an isomer of aspartic acid.
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Isocyanic acid
Isocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the formula HNCO, discovered in 1830 by Liebig and Wöhler.
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Isoleucine
Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Isopeptide bond
An isopeptide bond is an amide bond that is not present on the main chain of a protein.
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Kynurenine
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan used in the production of niacin.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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Lipid-anchored protein
Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins located on the surface of the cell membrane that are covalently attached to lipids embedded within the cell membrane.
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Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid (LA), also known as α-lipoic acid and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid).
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Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Methyl group
A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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Methylene group
In organic chemistry, a methylene group is any part of a molecule that consists of two hydrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom, which is connected to the remainder of the molecule by a double bond.
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Myristic acid
Myristic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 1-tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH.
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Myristoylation
Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue.
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N-linked glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation, is the attachment of the sugar molecule oligosaccharide known as glycan to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry.
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N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.
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Neddylation
Neddylation is the process by which the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 is conjugated to its target proteins.
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Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle.
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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O-linked glycosylation
In the field of biochemistry, O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to an oxygen atom in an amino acid residue in a protein.
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Opioid peptide
Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides.
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Organophosphate
Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
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Palmitoylation
Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine and less frequently to serine and threonine residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins.
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PEGylation
PEGylation (often styled pegylation) is the process of both covalent and non-covalent attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycol (PEG, in pharmacy called macrogol) polymer chains to molecules and macrostructures, such as a drug, therapeutic protein or vesicle, which is then described as PEGylated (pegylated).
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Peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain.
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Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Phosphopantetheine
Phosphopantetheine, also known as 4'-Phosphopantetheine, is an essential prosthetic group of acyl carrier protein (ACP) and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) derived from Coenzyme A. It is also present in formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
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Phosphoramidate
Phosphoramidates (sometimes also called amidophosphates) are a class of phosphorus compounds structurally related to phosphates (or organophosphates) via the substitution of an OR for a NR2.
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Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group.
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Phosphoserine
Phosphoserine (abbreviated as SEP or J) is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.
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Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
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Polyglutamylation
Polyglutamylation is a form of reversible posttranslational modification of glutamate residues seen for example in alpha and beta tubulins, nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1 and NAP2.
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Polyglycylation
Polyglycylation is a form of posttranslational modification of glutamate residues of the carboxyl-terminal region tubulin in certain microtubules (e.g., axonemal) originally discovered in Paramecium, and later shown in mammalian neurons as well.
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Polysialic acid
Polysialic acid is an unusual posttranslational modification that occurs on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM).
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Post-translational regulation
Post-translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of active protein.
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Prenylation
Prenylation (also known as isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or chemical compound.
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Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein
Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is a functional analog of ubiquitin found in the prokaryote Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Protein folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner.
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Protein methylation
Protein methylation is the process through which a group of specific enzymes, the methyltransferases modify proteins by adding a methyl groups.
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Protein precursor
A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule.
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Protein splicing
Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins) on both sides.
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Protein targeting
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to the appropriate destinations in the cell or outside it.
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Protein-serine epimerase
In enzymology, a protein-serine epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, -L-serine, and one product, -D-serine.
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Pyroglutamic acid
Pyroglutamic acid (also known as PCA, 5-oxoproline, pidolic acid, or pyroglutamate for its basic form) is a ubiquitous but little studied natural amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid or glutamine cyclizes to form a lactam.
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Racemization
In chemistry, racemization is the conversion of an enantiomerically pure mixture (one where only one enantiomer is present) into a mixture where more than one of the enantiomers are present.
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Retinal
Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex.
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S-Glutathionylation
S-Glutathionylation is the posttranslational modification of protein cysteine residues by the addition of glutathione, the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.
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S-Nitrosylation
S-Nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of NO to a cysteine residue to form an ''S''-nitrosothiol (SNO), is a post-translational protein modification of broad purview across phylogeny and cell types.
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Schiff base
A Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff) is a compound with the general structure R2C.
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Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Side chain
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called "main chain" or backbone.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Succinic acid
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
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Succinylation
Succinylation is a posttranslational modification where a succinyl group (-CO-CH2-CH2-CO2H) is added to a lysine residue of a protein molecule.
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Sulfation
Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.
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SUMO protein
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (or SUMO) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function.
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Terpenoid
The terpenoids, sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenes.
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Thioester
In chemistry thioesters are compounds with the functional group R–S–CO–R'.
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Thioether
A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right.
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Thiol
Thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (R–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent).
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Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a 660 kDa, dimeric protein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Transglutaminase
A transglutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between a free amine group (e.g., protein- or peptide-bound lysine) and the acyl group at the end of the side chain of protein- or peptide-bound glutamine.
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Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
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Tyrosine
Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
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Tyrosine sulfation
Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule.
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Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e. it occurs ''ubiquitously''.
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Uridine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate (UMP), also known as 5′-uridylic acid (conjugate base uridylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.
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Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.
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Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used in molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
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Covalent modification, Covalent modulation, Mature protein, Post translation, Post translational modification, Post-translation, Post-translation modifications, Post-translational, Post-translational modifications, Post-translational processing, Posttranslational, Posttranslational modification, Posttranslational modifications, Protein cleavage, Protein modification, Protein processing, post-translational, Side chain modification, Side chain modifications, Side-chain modification, Side-chain modifications.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational_modification
