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Precipitation

Index Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. [1]

199 relations: A. Roberto Frisancho, Agriculture, Air mass, Air pollution, Altostratus cloud, American Meteorological Society, Andes, Asia, Atmosphere, Basic precipitation, Binghamton, New York, Biome, Bioprecipitation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Bureau of Meteorology, Cactus, California Institute of Technology, Chile, Christopher Landsea, Cirrostratus cloud, Climate, Climate Prediction Center, Clime, Cloud, Cloud condensation nuclei, Coalescence (physics), Cold front, College of DuPage, Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, Condensation, Convection, Crop, Cumulonimbus cloud, Cumulus congestus cloud, Cyclone, Desert, Dew point, Diamond dust, Diffuse reflection, Dirt, Drizzle, Drought, Dust, Earth, Electromagnetic spectrum, Encyclopædia Britannica, Euphemism, European windstorm, Extratropical cyclone, Eye (cyclone), ..., Federal Aviation Administration, Fog, Forecast skill, Freezing, Freezing rain, Fresh water, Fungus, Geosynchronous orbit, Global Precipitation Measurement, Goddard Space Flight Center, Golf ball, Grassland, Graupel, Gravity, Great Basin, Greenwich Mean Time, Hadley cell, Hail, Hawaii, Haze, Himalayas, Humid continental climate, Humid subtropical climate, Humidity, Ice pellets, Index of meteorology articles, India, Indiana University, Infrared, Intertropical Convergence Zone, Karnataka, Katabatic wind, Köppen climate classification, Kerala, KOMO-TV, Lake-effect snow, Lapse rate, Latent heat, Latitude, Lidar, Light, List of meteorological phenomena, Malaysia, Mango showers, Mars, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean climate, METAR, Meteorological Applications, Meteorology, Micrometer, Microwave, Mist, Mojave Desert, Monsoon, Monsoon trough, Mount Waialeale, NASA, National Climatic Data Center, National Geographic Society, National Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Nimbostratus cloud, North America, North Pole, Northern Hemisphere, Numerical weather prediction, Ocean, Oceanic climate, Orographic lift, Permafrost, Planet, Planetary boundary layer, Plant, Polar ice cap, Precipitation types, Probability of precipitation, Radar, Radford University, Radiative cooling, Rain, Rain and snow mixed, Rain gauge, Rain shadow, Rainband, Rainforest, Return period, Savanna, Semi-arid climate, Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Snow, Soil, South Africa, South Australia, South Pole, Southern Hemisphere, Spectrum, Squall line, Stationary front, Steppe, Storm, Stratus cloud, Subarctic climate, Subtropical ridge, Subtropics, Summer, Sunshower, Supercooling, Supersaturation, Synoptic scale meteorology, Texas A&M University, The Guardian, Thermal radiation, Thundersnow, Thunderstorm, Trade winds, Transparency and translucency, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, Tropical cyclone, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Tropics, Tundra, United States Department of the Interior, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Geological Survey, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Georgia, University of Oklahoma, University of Rhode Island, University of Texas at Austin, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, University of Wyoming, USA Today, Vertical draft, Warm front, Water, Water cycle, Water vapor, Weather Prediction Center, Weather radar, Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process, Westerlies, Western Australia, Wet season, Wet-bulb temperature, Windward and leeward. Expand index (149 more) »

A. Roberto Frisancho

A.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Air mass

In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Altostratus cloud

Altostratus is a middle altitude cloud genus belonging to the stratiform physical category characterized by a generally uniform gray to bluish-green and sheet or layer.

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American Meteorological Society

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) is the premier scientific and professional organization in the United States promoting and disseminating information about the atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic sciences. Its mission is to advance the atmospheric and related sciences, technologies, applications, and services for the benefit of society.

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Andes

The Andes or Andean Mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Atmosphere

An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

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Basic precipitation

Basic precipitation or Alkaline precipitation occurs when either calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide is emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and then falls as rain, snow, or sleet.

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Binghamton, New York

Binghamton is a city in, and the county seat of, Broome County, New York, United States.

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Biome

A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.

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Bioprecipitation

Bioprecipitation is the concept of rain-making bacteria and was proposed by David Sands from Montana State University before 1983.

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

The Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is a scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society.

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Bureau of Meteorology

The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is an Executive Agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas.

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Cactus

A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae,Although the spellings of botanical families have been largely standardized, there is little agreement among botanists as to how these names are to be pronounced.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Christopher Landsea

Christopher William "Chris" Landsea (born February 4, 1965) is an American meteorologist, formerly a research meteorologist with Hurricane Research Division of Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory at NOAA, and now the Science and Operations Officer at the National Hurricane Center.

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Cirrostratus cloud

Cirrostratus is a high-level, very thin, generally uniform stratiform genus-type of cloud, composed of ice-crystals.

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Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

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Climate Prediction Center

The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) is a United States federal agency that is one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, which are a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.

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Clime

The climes (singular clime; also clima, plural climata, from Greek κλίμα klima, plural κλίματα klimata, meaning "inclination" or "slope") in classical Greco-Roman geography and astronomy were the divisions of the inhabited portion of the spherical Earth by geographic latitude.

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Cloud

In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body.

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Cloud condensation nuclei

Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses.

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Coalescence (physics)

Coalescence is the process by which two or more droplets, bubbles or particles merge during contact to form a single daughter droplet, bubble or particle.

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Cold front

A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing at ground level a warmer mass of air, which lies within a fairly sharp surface trough of low pressure.

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College of DuPage

College of DuPage is a two-year community college in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.

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Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network

The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, or CoCoRaHS, is a network of volunteer weather observers in the United States, Canada and the Bahamas that take daily readings of precipitation and report them to a central data store over the internet.

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Condensation

Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vapourisation.

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Convection

Convection is the heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids, including molten rock (rheid).

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Crop

A crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.

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Cumulonimbus cloud

Cumulonimbus, from the Latin cumulus ("heaped") and nimbus ("rainstorm"), is a dense, towering vertical cloud, forming from water vapor carried by powerful upward air currents.

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Cumulus congestus cloud

Cumulus congestus clouds, also known as towering cumulus, are a form of cumulus cloud that can be based in the low or middle height ranges.

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Cyclone

In meteorology, a cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.

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Desert

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

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Dew point

The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor.

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Diamond dust

Diamond dust is a ground-level cloud composed of tiny ice crystals.

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Diffuse reflection

Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection.

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Dirt

Dirt is unclean matter, especially when in contact with a person's clothes, skin or possessions when they are said to become dirty.

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Drizzle

Drizzle is a light liquid precipitation consisting of liquid water drops smaller than those of rain – generally smaller than in diameter.

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Drought

A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.

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Dust

Dust are fine particles of matter.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Euphemism

A euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.

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European windstorm

European windstorms are the strongest extratropical cyclones which occur across the continent of Europe.

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Extratropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth.

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Eye (cyclone)

The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of strong tropical cyclones.

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Federal Aviation Administration

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation.

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Fog

Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of minute water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.

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Forecast skill

Forecast skill (or skill score, forecast skill, prediction skill), in the fields of forecasting and prediction, is any measure of the accuracy and/or degree of association of prediction to an observation or estimate of the actual value of what is being predicted (formally, the predictand).

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Freezing

Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

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Freezing rain

Freezing rain is the name given to rain precipitation maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces.

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Fresh water

Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Geosynchronous orbit

A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an orbit around Earth of a satellite with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, which takes one sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds).

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Global Precipitation Measurement

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) or Global Precipitation Index (GPI) is a joint mission between JAXA and NASA as well as other international space agencies to make frequent (every 2–3 hours) observations of Earth’s precipitation.

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Goddard Space Flight Center

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.

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Golf ball

A golf ball is a special ball designed to be used in the game of golf.

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Grassland

Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae); however, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs.

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Graupel

Graupel (Enɡlish), also called soft hail or snow pellets, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes, forming balls of rime.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Great Basin

The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America.

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Greenwich Mean Time

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.

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Hadley cell

The Hadley cell, named after George Hadley, is a global scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the Equator, flowing poleward at 10–15 kilometers above the surface, descending in the subtropics, and then returning equatorward near the surface.

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Hail

Hail is a form of solid precipitation.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Haze

Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates obscure the clarity of the sky.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.

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Humidity

Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.

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Ice pellets

Ice pellets are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice.

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Index of meteorology articles

This is a list of meteorology topics.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indiana University

Indiana University (IU) is a multi-campus public university system in the state of Indiana, United States.

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Infrared

Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.

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Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), known by sailors as the doldrums, is the area encircling Earth near the Equator, where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge.

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Karnataka

Karnataka also known Kannada Nadu is a state in the south western region of India.

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Katabatic wind

A katabatic wind (named from the Greek word κατάβασις katabasis, meaning "descending") is the technical name for a drainage wind, a wind that carries high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kerala

Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.

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KOMO-TV

KOMO-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 38), is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Seattle, Washington, United States and also serving Tacoma.

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Lake-effect snow

Lake-effect snow is produced during cooler atmospheric conditions when a cold air mass moves across long expanses of warmer lake water, warming the lower layer of air which picks up water vapor from the lake, rises up through the colder air above, freezes and is deposited on the leeward (downwind) shores.

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Lapse rate

Lapse rate is the rate at which Earth's atmospheric temperature decreases with an increase in altitude, or increases with the decrease in altitude.

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Latent heat

Latent heat is thermal energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process — usually a first-order phase transition.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Lidar

Lidar (also called LIDAR, LiDAR, and LADAR) is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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List of meteorological phenomena

A meteorological phenomenon is a weather event that can be explained by the principles of meteorology.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Mango showers

Mango showers, or ‘mango rains’, is a colloquial term to describe the occurrence of pre-monsoon rainfall.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.

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Mediterranean Basin

In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.

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Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers.

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METAR

METAR is a format for reporting weather information.

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Meteorological Applications

Meteorological Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of meteorology published four times per year since 1994.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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Micrometer

A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.

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Microwave

Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and.

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Mist

Mist is a phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in air.

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Mojave Desert

The Mojave Desert is an arid rain-shadow desert and the driest desert in North America.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Monsoon trough

The monsoon trough is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone,Bin Wang.

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Mount Waialeale

Mount Waialeale is a shield volcano and the second highest point on the island of Kauaokinai in the Hawaiian Islands.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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National Climatic Data Center

The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina was the world's largest active archive of weather data.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world.

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National Hurricane Center

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting weather systems within the tropics between the Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian west poleward to the 30th parallel north in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the 31st parallel north in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States Federal Government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

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Nimbostratus cloud

Nimbostratus is a stratiform genus formerly classified as "Family C” low-level, but now considered by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to be a middle- or multi-level stratus type.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Numerical weather prediction

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) uses mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions.

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Ocean

An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.

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Oceanic climate

An oceanic or highland climate, also known as a marine or maritime climate, is the Köppen classification of climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental, subarctic and highland climates.

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Orographic lift

Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.

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Permafrost

In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.

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Planet

A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.

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Planetary boundary layer

In meteorology the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), is the lowest part of the atmosphere.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Polar ice cap

A polar ice cap or polar cap is a high-latitude region of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite that is covered in ice.

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Precipitation types

In meteorology, "precipitation types" can include the character or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level.

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Probability of precipitation

A probability of precipitation (POP), (also expressed as: "chance of precipitation," "chance of rain") is a description of the likelihood of precipitation that is often published with weather forecasts.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Radford University

Radford University is a co-educational public university located in Radford, Virginia.

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Radiative cooling

Radiative cooling is the process by which a body loses heat by thermal radiation.

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Rain

Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.

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Rain and snow mixed

Rain and snow mixed is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow.

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Rain gauge

A rain gauge (also known as an udometer, pluviometer, or an ombrometer) is an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation over a set period of time.

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Rain shadow

A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind).

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Rainband

A rainband is a cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between, and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

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Return period

A return period, also known as a recurrence interval (sometimes repeat interval) is an estimate of the likelihood of an event, such as an earthquake, flood, landslide, or a river discharge flow to occur.

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Savanna

A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.

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Semi-arid climate

A semi-arid climate or steppe climate is the climate of a region that receives precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate.

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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)

The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.

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Snow

Snow refers to forms of ice crystals that precipitate from the atmosphere (usually from clouds) and undergo changes on the Earth's surface.

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Soil

Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Australia

South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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South Pole

The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Spectrum

A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without steps, across a continuum.

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Squall line

A squall line (also known as a quasi-linear convective system or QLCS) is a line of thunderstorms forming along or ahead of a cold front.

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Stationary front

A stationary front is a pair of air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other.

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Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe (p) is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.

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Storm

A storm is any disturbed state of an environment or in an astronomical body's atmosphere especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather.

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Stratus cloud

Stratus clouds are low-level clouds characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform base, as opposed to convective or cumuliform clouds that are formed by rising thermals.

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Subarctic climate

The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, subalpine climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.

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Subtropical ridge

The subtropical ridge, also known as the subtropical high or horse latitudes, is a significant belt of atmospheric high pressure situated around the latitudes of 30°N in the Northern Hemisphere and 30°S in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Subtropics

The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropics at latitude 23.5° (the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) and temperate zones (normally referring to latitudes 35–66.5°) north and south of the Equator.

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Summer

Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, falling after spring and before autumn.

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Sunshower

A sunshower or sun shower is a meteorological phenomenon in which rain falls while the sun is shining.

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Supercooling

Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid or a gas below its freezing point without it becoming a solid.

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Supersaturation

Supersaturation is a state of a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances.

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Synoptic scale meteorology

The synoptic scale in meteorology (also known as large scale or cyclonic scale) is a horizontal length scale of the order of 1000 kilometers (about 620 miles) or more.

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Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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Thermal radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.

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Thundersnow

Thundersnow, also known as a winter thunderstorm or a thundersnowstorm, is an unusual kind of thunderstorm with snow falling as the primary precipitation instead of rain.

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Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.

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Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

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Transparency and translucency

In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.

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Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are terrestrial biomes dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes.

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was a joint space mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) designed to monitor and study tropical rainfall.

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Tropics

The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.

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Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

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United States Department of the Interior

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) is a nonprofit consortium of more than 100 colleges and universities providing research and training in the atmospheric and related sciences.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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University of Georgia

The University of Georgia, also referred to as UGA or simply Georgia, is an American public comprehensive research university.

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University of Oklahoma

The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a coeducational public research university in Norman, Oklahoma.

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University of Rhode Island

The University of Rhode Island, commonly referred to as URI, is the flagship public research as well as the land grant and sea grant university for the state of Rhode Island.

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University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin (UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public research university and the flagship institution of the University of Texas System.

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University of Washington

The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.

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University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point

The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point (also known as UW–Stevens Point or UWSP) is a public university in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States.

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University of Wyoming

The University of Wyoming is a land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation of 7,220 feet (2194 m), between the Laramie and Snowy Range mountains.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Vertical draft

An updraft is a small‐scale current of rising air, often within a cloud.

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Warm front

A warm front is a density discontinuity located at the leading edge of a homogeneous warm air mass, and is typically located on the equator-facing edge of an isotherm gradient.

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Water

Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.

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Water cycle

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

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Water vapor

No description.

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Weather Prediction Center

The Weather Prediction Center (WPC), located in College Park, Maryland, is one of nine service centers under the umbrella of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), a part of the National Weather Service (NWS), which in turn is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. government.

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Weather radar

Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). Modern weather radars are mostly pulse-Doppler radars, capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition to the intensity of the precipitation.

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Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process

The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (after Alfred Wegener, Tor Bergeron and Walter Findeisen), (or "cold-rain process") is a process of ice crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between the saturation vapor pressure over water and the lower saturation vapor pressure over ice.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia.

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Wet season

The monsoon season, is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs.

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Wet-bulb temperature

The wet-bulb temperature is the temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth (wet-bulb thermometer) over which air is passed.

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Windward and leeward

Windward is the direction upwind from the point of reference, alternatively the direction from which the wind is coming.

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Annual precipitation, Atmospheric hydrometeor, Atmospheric precipitation, Classification of clouds, Cloud condensation, Convectional Precipitation, Convectional precipitation, Cumulonimbus praecipitatio, Hydrometeor, Hydrometeors, Praecipitation, Precipitaion, Precipitaiton, Precipitation (meteorology), Precipitation measurement.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation

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