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80 relations: Acrylonitrile, Agonist, Aldol condensation, Aliphatic compound, Alpha and beta carbon, Alpha helix, Amino acid, AMPA receptor, Bacteria, Beta sheet, Biomolecular structure, Biosynthesis, Carboxylic acid, Charles Scriver, Chromatography, Cis–trans isomerism, Collagen, Connective tissue, Corey–Itsuno reduction, Covalent bond, Deprotonation, Diethyl malonate, Dihedral angle, Endogeny (biology), Enzyme, Excitotoxicity, Fluorine, Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, Genetic code, Glutamate 5-kinase, Glutamate-5-semialdehyde, Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Glycine receptor, Growth medium, Hermann Emil Fischer, Hydrogen bond, Hydroxylation, Hydroxyproline, Hyperprolinemia, Inborn errors of metabolism, Ionotropic glutamate receptor, Isomer, Journal of Archaeological Science, Kainate receptor, Ninhydrin, NMDA receptor, Ornithine, Ornithine aminotransferase, ..., Ornithine cyclodeaminase, Osmoprotectant, Peptide bond, Plant, Plant tissue culture, Pollen, Polyproline helix, Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, Prolidase deficiency, Proline organocatalysis, Prolinol, Prolyl isomerase, Protein biosynthesis, Protein folding, Protein secondary structure, Pyrrolidine, Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, Racemic mixture, Ramachandran plot, Ribosome, Richard Willstätter, Sarcosine, Science (journal), Scurvy, Side chain, Thermophile, Turn (biochemistry), Vitamin C, 1,3-Dibromopropane, 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. Expand index (30 more) »
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCN.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Aldol condensation
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
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Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (G. aleiphar, fat, oil) also known as non-aromatic compounds.
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Alpha and beta carbon
The alpha carbon (Cα) in organic molecules refers to the first carbon atom that attaches to a functional group, such as a carbonyl.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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AMPA receptor
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Beta sheet
The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.
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Biomolecular structure
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.
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Charles Scriver
Charles Robert Scriver, (born November 7, 1930) is an eminent Canadian pediatrician and biochemical geneticist.
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Chromatography
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.
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Cis–trans isomerism
Cis–trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism, is a term used in organic chemistry.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Connective tissue
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
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Corey–Itsuno reduction
The Corey–Itsuno reduction, also known as the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) reduction, is a chemical reaction in which an achiral ketone is enantioselectively reduced to produce the corresponding chiral, non-racemic alcohol.
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Covalent bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Deprotonation
Deprotonation is the removal (transfer) of a proton (a hydrogen cation, H+) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid-base reaction.
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Diethyl malonate
Diethyl malonate, also known as DEM, is the diethyl ester of malonic acid.
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Dihedral angle
A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Excitotoxicity
Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged or killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.
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Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.
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Franz Joseph Emil Fischer
Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau – 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist.
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Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
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Glutamate 5-kinase
In enzymology, a glutamate 5-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-glutamate, whereas its two products are ADP and L-glutamate 5-phosphate.
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Glutamate-5-semialdehyde
Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is a non-proteinogenic amino acid involved in the biosynthesis of proline and arginine (via ornithine), as well as in the biosynthesis of antibiotics, such as carbapenems.
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Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, phosphate, and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are L-glutamyl 5-phosphate, NADPH, and H+.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.
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Glycine receptor
The glycine receptor (abbreviated as GlyR or GLR) is the receptor of the amino acid neurotransmitter glycine.
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Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.
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Hermann Emil Fischer
Hermann Emil Louis Fischer FRS FRSE FCS (9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.
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Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound.
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Hydroxyproline
(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is a common non-proteinogenic amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp, e.g., in Protein Data Bank.
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Hyperprolinemia
Hyperprolinemia, also referred to as prolinemia or prolinuria, is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the body.
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Inborn errors of metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism form a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of metabolism.
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Ionotropic glutamate receptor
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate.
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Isomer
An isomer (from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos.
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Journal of Archaeological Science
The Journal of Archaeological Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers "the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology".
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Kainate receptor
Kainate receptors, or kainic acid receptors (KARs), are ionotropic receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate.
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Ninhydrin
Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione) is a chemical used to detect ammonia or primary and secondary amines.
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NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells.
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Ornithine
Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle.
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Ornithine aminotransferase
Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is an enzyme which is encoded in human by the OAT gene located on chromosome 10.
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Ornithine cyclodeaminase
In enzymology, an ornithine cyclodeaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-ornithine \rightleftharpoons L-proline + NH4 Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-ornithine, and two products, L-proline and NH4.
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Osmoprotectant
Osmoprotectants or compatible solutes are small organic molecules with neutral charge and low toxicity at high concentrations that act as osmolytes and help organisms survive extreme osmotic stress.
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Peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.
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Pollen
Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).
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Polyproline helix
A polyproline helix is a type of protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues.
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Procollagen-proline dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases.
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Prolidase deficiency
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is an extremely uncommon autosomal recessive disorder associated with collagen metabolism that affects connective tissues and thus a diverse array of organ systems more broadly, though it is extremely inconsistent in its expression.
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Proline organocatalysis
Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry.
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Prolinol
Prolinol is a chiral amino-alcohol that is used as a chiral building block in organic synthesis.
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Prolyl isomerase
Prolyl isomerase (also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase or PPIase) is an enzyme found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that interconverts the cis and trans isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Protein folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner.
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Protein secondary structure
Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional form of local segments of proteins.
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Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.
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Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
In enzymology, a pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-proline, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, NADH, NADPH, and H+.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Ramachandran plot
A Ramachandran plot (also known as a Ramachandran diagram or a plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan, is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ψ against φ of amino acid residues in protein structure.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Richard Willstätter
Richard Martin Willstätter, (13 August 1872 – 3 August 1942) was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
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Sarcosine
Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is an intermediate and byproduct in glycine synthesis and degradation.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
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Side chain
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called "main chain" or backbone.
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Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
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Turn (biochemistry)
A turn is an element of secondary structure in proteins where the polypeptide chain reverses its overall direction.
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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1,3-Dibromopropane
1,3-Dibromopropane is a halogenated hydrocarbon.
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1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid is an imino acid.
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Redirects here:
D-proline, L-Proline, L-proline, Prolyl.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline
