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85 relations: Adenine, Aglycone, Aldehyde, Alkylation, Amino acid, Aromatization, Bladder cancer, Bleeding, Bracken, Carcinogen, Chromosome abnormality, Cyclopropane, Cyclopropyl group, Cysteine, Depurination, Diastereomer, Dienone, DNA, Ecological succession, Electrophile, Enantiomer, Enone, Epoxide, Esophageal cancer, Ester, Ethyl acetate, Friedel–Crafts reaction, Frond, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Glucose, Glucoside, Glutathione, Glycosidic bond, Grignard reaction, Guanine, Half-life, Hematuria, Hexamethylphosphoramide, High-performance liquid chromatography, HRAS, Hypolepis (plant), Ileum, Isomerization, Ketone, Leukopenia, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Lymphocyte, Menthol, Metabolism, Methionine, ..., Methylation, Microlepia, Mutation, Nucleophile, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, Oncogene, Optical rotation, Organic peroxide, P-Toluenesulfonic acid, PH, Polymerase chain reaction, Potassium tert-butoxide, Progressive retinal atrophy, Protecting group, Pteridium aquilinum, Pteris, Racemic mixture, Redox, Rhizome, Sesquiterpene, Silylation, Sodium bicarbonate, Spore, Stenosis, Stomach cancer, Subarctic, Subtropics, Tertiary, Thin-layer chromatography, Thiol, Thrombocytopenia, Tin(IV) chloride, Urinary bladder, Wood ash. Expand index (35 more) »
Adenine
Adenine (A, Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative).
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Aglycone
An aglycone (aglycon or genin) is the compound remaining after the glycosyl group on a glycoside is replaced by a hydrogen atom.
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Aldehyde
An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
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Alkylation
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Aromatization
Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed.
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Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder.
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Bleeding
Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.
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Bracken
Bracken (Pteridium) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae.
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Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.
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Chromosome abnormality
A chromosome abnormality, disorder, anomaly, aberration, or mutation is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.
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Cyclopropane
Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms resulting in D3h molecular symmetry.
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Cyclopropyl group
A cyclopropyl group is a chemical structure derived from cyclopropane, and can participate in organic reactions that constitute cycloadditions and rearrangement organic reactions of cyclopropane.
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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Depurination
Depurination is a chemical reaction of purine deoxyribonucleosides, deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine, and ribonucleosides, adenosine or guanosine, in which the β-N-glycosidic bond is hydrolytically cleaved releasing a nucleic base, adenine or guanine, respectively.
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Diastereomer
Diastereomers (sometimes called diastereoisomers) are a type of a stereoisomer.
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Dienone
A dienone is a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from diene compounds by conversion of a –CH2– groups into –C(.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
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Electrophile
In organic chemistry, an electrophile is a reagent attracted to electrons.
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Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer, also known as an optical isomer (and archaically termed antipode or optical antipode), is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable (not identical), much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis (the hands cannot be made to appear identical simply by reorientation).
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Enone
An enone, also called an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, is a type of organic compound consisting of an alkene conjugated to a ketone.
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Epoxide
An epoxide is a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring.
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Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula, simplified to.
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Friedel–Crafts reaction
The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring.
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Frond
A frond is a large, divided leaf.
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Glucoside
A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose.
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Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea.
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Glycosidic bond
In chemistry, a glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
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Grignard reaction
The Grignard reaction (pronounced) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.
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Guanine
Guanine (or G, Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Half-life
Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.
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Hematuria
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine.
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Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hexamethylphosphoramide, often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide (i.e. an amide of phosphoric acid) with the formula This colorless liquid is a useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis.
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High-performance liquid chromatography
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography), is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture.
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HRAS
GTPase HRas also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene.
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Hypolepis (plant)
Hypolepis (beadfern) is a genus of ferns described as a genus in 1806.
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Ileum
The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
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Isomerization
In chemistry isomerization (also isomerisation) is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms have a different arrangement e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers). In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerization occurs spontaneously.
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Ketone
In chemistry, a ketone (alkanone) is an organic compound with the structure RC(.
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Leukopenia
Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection.
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Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS).
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Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
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Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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Microlepia
Microlepia is a genus of ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae described as a genus in 1836.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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Nucleoside
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
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Optical rotation
Optical rotation or optical activity (sometimes referred to as rotary polarization) is the rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.
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Organic peroxide
Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (ROOR′).
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P-Toluenesulfonic acid
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Potassium tert-butoxide
Potassium tert-butoxide is the chemical compound with the formula K+(CH3)3CO−.
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Progressive retinal atrophy
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of dogs and, more rarely, cats.
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Protecting group
A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction.
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Pteridium aquilinum
Pteridium aquilinum (bracken, brake or common bracken), also known as eagle fern, and Eastern brakenfern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres.
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Pteris
Pteris (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (from script "mass of roots", from rhizóō "cause to strike root") is a modified subterranean stem of a plant that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes.
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Sesquiterpene
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24.
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Silylation
Silylation is the introduction of a (usually) substituted silyl group (R3Si) to a molecule.
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Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Stenosis
A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
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Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.
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Subarctic
The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Shetland Islands.
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Subtropics
The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropics at latitude 23.5° (the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) and temperate zones (normally referring to latitudes 35–66.5°) north and south of the Equator.
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Tertiary
Tertiary is the former term for the geologic period from 65 million to 2.58 million years ago, a timespan that occurs between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary.
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Thin-layer chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures.
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Thiol
Thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (R–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent).
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Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.
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Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula SnCl4.
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Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
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Wood ash
Wood ash is the residue powder left after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a home fireplace or an industrial power plant.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptaquiloside
