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# Q-function

In statistics, the Q-function is the tail probability of the standard normal distribution \phi(x). [1]

## Chernoff bound

In probability theory, the Chernoff bound, named after Herman Chernoff but due to Herman Rubin, gives exponentially decreasing bounds on tail distributions of sums of independent random variables.

## Connexions

Connexions, now called OpenStax, is a global repository of educational content provided by volunteers.

## Cumulative distribution function

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found to have a value less than or equal to x. In the case of a continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from minus infinity to x. Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.

## Elementary function

In mathematics, an elementary function is a function of one variable which is the composition of a finite number of arithmetic operations, exponentials, logarithms, constants, and solutions of algebraic equations (a generalization of ''n''th roots).

## Error function

In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function) is a special function (non-elementary) of sigmoid shape that occurs in probability, statistics, and partial differential equations describing diffusion.

## Integration by substitution

In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, is a method for finding integrals.

## Quotient rule

In calculus, the quotient rule is a method of finding the derivative of a function that is the quotient of two other functions for which derivatives exist.

## Statistics

Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

## References

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