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Rebreather

Index Rebreather

A rebreather is a breathing apparatus that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user's exhaled breath to permit the rebreathing (recycling) of the substantially unused oxygen content, and unused inert content when present, of each breath. [1]

170 relations: Aberdeen, Altitude, Anaesthetic machine, Anesthesia, AP Diving, Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique, Asphyxia, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric pressure, Bailout bottle, Barium hydroxide, Basal metabolic rate, Belgium, Bellows, Binoculars, Blackett's Aerophor, Boyle's law, Breathing, Breathing gas, Brest, France, British Sub-Aqua Club, Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide scrubber, Carmellan Research, Cave diving, Check valve, Chemical reaction, Choked flow, Christian J. Lambertsen, Cis-Lunar, Clearance diver, Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment, Cobham plc, Cold War, Coma, Cornelis Drebbel, Corrosive substance, Cressi-Sub, David Shaw (diver), Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus, Dead space (physiology), Death, Decima Flottiglia MAS, Decompression practice, Diluent, Divex, Diving, Diving chamber, Diving helmet, Drägerwerk, ..., Drowning, Dry suit, Dye, Eastern Bloc, Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor, Electronics, England, Escape set, Exothermic process, Firefighting, France, Frogman, FROGS (rebreather), Full face diving mask, Gas cylinder, Gene Hobbs, Halcyon PVR-BASC, Halcyon RB80, Hans Hass, Henry Fleuss, Himalayas, Historical Diving Society, Hot water bottle, Hydroxide, Hypercapnia, Hypoxia (environmental), Hypoxia (medical), IDA71, Inhalational anaesthetic, Interspiro DCSC, Italian Navy, Italy, KISS (rebreather), KISS principle, Life support, Limewater, Liquid nitrogen, Luftwaffe, Maximum operating depth, Medical simulation, Mesh, Mine rescue, Mining, Mount Everest, Napoleon, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Natural rubber, Navy, Nitrox, O-ring, Oceanic Worldwide, Oceanography, Office of Strategic Services, Orinasal mask, Outer space, Oxide, Oxygen, Oxygen toxicity, Panama City, Florida, Partial pressure, Patent, Phibian (Dune), Pirelli, Potassium, Potassium nitrate, Primary Life Support System, Rebreather, Recreational diving, Respiratory rate, Revolutions of 1989, Robert Davis (inventor), Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine, Royal Navy, Saturation diving, Scavenger system, Scotland, Scrubber, Scuba set, SDBA, SEFA, Self-contained breathing apparatus, Severn Tunnel, Siebe Gorman, Siebe Gorman CDBA, Siebe Gorman Proto, Siebe Gorman Salvus, Sladen Suit, Sluice, Soda lime, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium peroxide, Sodium superoxide, Space station, Space suit, Spacecraft, Spearfishing, Sponge (material), Standard diving dress, Standard sea level, Streamline (swimming), Submarine, Sump (cave), Sunlight, Surface-supplied diving, Ted Eldred, Tidal volume, Trimix (breathing gas), Ultraviolet, Unconsciousness, Underwater habitat, United States Naval Academy, United States Navy, United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit, University of Florida, Vacuum, Ventilator circuit, Vital capacity, Work of breathing, World War II. Expand index (120 more) »

Aberdeen

Aberdeen (Aiberdeen,; Obar Dheathain; Aberdonia) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 37th most populous built-up area, with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and for the local authority area.

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Altitude

Altitude or height (sometimes known as depth) is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and many more).

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Anaesthetic machine

The anaesthetic machine (UK English) or anesthesia machine (US English) or Boyle's machine is used independently by physician anaesthesiologists and nurse anaesthetists.

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Anesthesia

In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.

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AP Diving

The scuba equipment manufacturer AP Diving or Ambient Pressure Diving, formerly known as A.P.Valves, is at Water-Ma-Trout in Helston in Cornwall in England.

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Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique

La Spirotechnique (now Aqua Lung International) is a large and well-known firm which makes scuba and other self-contained breathing apparatus, and other diving equipment.

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Asphyxia

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).

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Bailout bottle

A bailout bottle (BoB) or bailout cylinder is a scuba cylinder carried by an underwater diver for use as an emergency supply of breathing gas in the event of a primary gas supply failure.

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Barium hydroxide

Barium hydroxide are chemical compounds with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2(H2O)x.

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Basal metabolic rate

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bellows

A bellows or pair of bellows is a device constructed to furnish a strong blast of air.

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Binoculars

Binoculars or field glasses are two telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.

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Blackett's Aerophor

The Blackett's Aerophor is a nitrox semi-closed-circuit rebreather with liquid gas storage made in England from 1910 onwards for use in mine rescue and other industrial uses.

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Boyle's law

Boyle's law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law) is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.

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Breathing

Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.

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Breathing gas

A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration.

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Brest, France

Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.

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British Sub-Aqua Club

The British Sub-Aqua Club or BSAC has been recognised since 1954 by the Sports Council as the national governing body of recreational diving in the United Kingdom.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carbon dioxide scrubber

A carbon dioxide scrubber is a device which absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2).

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Carmellan Research

Carmellan Research is or was a firm who developed automatic rebreathers for scuba diving.

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Cave diving

Cave diving is underwater diving in water-filled caves.

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Check valve

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Choked flow

Choked flow is a compressible flow effect.

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Christian J. Lambertsen

Christian James Lambertsen (May 15, 1917 – February 11, 2011) was an American environmental medicine and diving medicine specialist who was principally responsible for developing the United States Navy frogmen's rebreathers in the early 1940s for underwater warfare.

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Cis-Lunar

Cis-Lunar is a firm that made computer-controlled closed-circuit automatic rebreathers for scuba diving.

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Clearance diver

A clearance diver was originally a specialist naval diver who used explosives underwater to remove obstructions to make harbours and shipping channels safe to navigate, but later the term "clearance diver" was used to include other naval underwater work.

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Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment

The CDLSE (Clearance Divers' Life Support Equipment) is made by Divex in Aberdeen, Scotland.

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Cobham plc

Cobham plc is a British manufacturing company based in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Coma

Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.

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Cornelis Drebbel

Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (1572 – 7 November 1633) was a Dutch engineer and inventor.

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Corrosive substance

A corrosive substance is one that will destroy and damage other substances with which it comes into contact.

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Cressi-Sub

Cressi is one of the largest manufacturers of water sports equipment in the world serving the scuba dive, snorkel and swim industries.

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David Shaw (diver)

David "Dave" John Shaw (July 20 1954 – 8 January 2005) was an Australian scuba diver, technical diver, and airline pilot for Cathay Pacific, flying the Lockhead L-1011 Tristar, then the 747-400, and then the A330-300, A340-300, and A340-600.

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Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus

The Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus (also referred to as DSEA), was an early type of oxygen rebreather invented in 1910 by Sir Robert Davis, head of Siebe Gorman and Co. Ltd., inspired by the earlier Fleuss system, and adopted by the Royal Navy after further development by Davis in 1927.

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Dead space (physiology)

In physiology, dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it (1) remains in the conducting airways, or (2) reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused.

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Death

Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

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Decima Flottiglia MAS

The Decima Flottiglia MAS (Decima Flottiglia Motoscafi Armati Siluranti, also known as La Decima or Xª MAS) (Italian for "10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla") was an Italian commando frogman unit of the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) created during the Fascist regime.

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Decompression practice

The practice of decompression by divers comprises the planning and monitoring of the profile indicated by the algorithms or tables of the chosen decompression model, to allow asymptomatic and harmless release of excess inert gases dissolved in the tissues as a result of breathing at ambient pressures greater than surface atmospheric pressure, the equipment available and appropriate to the circumstances of the dive, and the procedures authorized for the equipment and profile to be used.

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Diluent

A diluent (also referred to as a filler, dilutant or thinner) is a diluting agent.

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Divex

Divex Ltd a subsidiary of James Fisher & Sons is a Scottish provider of diving equipment and related services.

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Diving

Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics.

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Diving chamber

A diving chamber is a vessel for human occupation, which may have an entrance that can be sealed to hold an internal pressure significantly higher than ambient pressure, a pressurised gas system to control the internal pressure, and a supply of breathing gas for the occupants.

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Diving helmet

A Diving helmet is a rigid head enclosure with a breathing gas supply used in underwater diving.

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Drägerwerk

Drägerwerk AG is a German company based in Lübeck which makes breathing and protection equipment, gas detection and analysis systems, and noninvasive patient monitoring technologies.

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Drowning

Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment from being in or under a liquid.

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Dry suit

A dry suit or drysuit provides the wearer with environmental protection by way of thermal insulation and exclusion of water, and is worn by divers, boaters, water sports enthusiasts, and others who work or play in or near cold or contaminated water.

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Dye

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor

An electro-galvanic fuel cell is an electrochemical device which consumes a fuel to produce an electrical output by a chemical reaction.

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Electronics

Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Escape set

An escape set (in German Tauchretter.

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Exothermic process

In thermodynamics, the term exothermic process (exo-: "outside") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen).

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Firefighting

Firefighting is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and extinguish significant unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frogman

A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity that includes police or military work.

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FROGS (rebreather)

FROGS (Full Range Oxygen Gas System) is a make of rebreather for frogmen using oxygen, which has been used by the French Navy and the Commando Hubert since 15 October 2002.

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Full face diving mask

A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask that seals the whole of the diver's face from the water and contains a mouthpiece, demand valve or constant flow gas supply that provides the diver with breathing gas.

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Gas cylinder

A gas cylinder or tank is a pressure vessel used to store gases at above atmospheric pressure.

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Gene Hobbs

Eugene Weston Hobbs II, known as Gene Hobbs (born November 28, 1973) is an American technical diver and founding board member of the non-profit Rubicon Foundation.

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Halcyon PVR-BASC

The Halcyon Passive, Variable Ratio-Biased Addition Semi-Closed rebreather is a unique design of semi-closed rebreather using a depth-compensated passive gas addition system.

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Halcyon RB80

The Halcyon RB80 is a non-depth-compensated passive addition semi-closed circuit rebreather of similar external dimensions to a standard AL80 scuba cylinder (11-litre, 207-bar aluminium cylinder, 185 mm diameter and about 660 mm long).

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Hans Hass

Hans Hass (23 January 1919 – 16 June 2013) was an Austrian biologist and underwater diving pioneer.

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Henry Fleuss

Henry Albert Fleuss (1851–1932) was a pioneering diving engineer, and Master Diver for Siebe, Gorman & Co. of London.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Historical Diving Society

The Historical Diving Society (HDS) was formed in 1990 in the United Kingdom by a group of enthusiasts whose aim is to preserve and protect diving heritage.

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Hot water bottle

A hot-water bottle is a bottle filled with hot water and sealed with a stopper, used to provide warmth, typically while in bed, but also for the application of heat to a specific part of the body.

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Hydroxide

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−.

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Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

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Hypoxia (environmental)

Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions.

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Hypoxia (medical)

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.

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IDA71

The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is an oxygen rebreather intended for use by naval and military divers including Russian commando frogmen.

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Inhalational anaesthetic

An inhalational anaesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anaesthetic properties that can be delivered via inhalation.

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Interspiro DCSC

The Interspiro DCSC is a semi-closed circuit nitrox rebreather manufactured by Interspiro of Sweden for military applications.

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Italian Navy

The Italian Navy (Marina Militare, "Military Navy"; abbreviated as MM) is the maritime defence force of the Italian Republic.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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KISS (rebreather)

KISS is a type of manually operated closed circuit diving rebreather designed on the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle.

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KISS principle

KISS is an acronym for "Keep it simple, stupid" as a design principle noted by the U.S. Navy in 1960.

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Life support

Life support refers to the treatments and techniques performed in an emergency in order to support life after the failure of one or more vital organs.

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Limewater

Limewater is the common name for a diluted solution of calcium hydroxide.

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Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.

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Maximum operating depth

In underwater diving activities such as saturation diving, technical diving and nitrox diving, the maximum operating depth (MOD) of a breathing gas is the depth below which the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) of the gas mix exceeds an acceptable limit.

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Medical simulation

Medical simulation, or more broadly, healthcare simulation, is a branch of simulation related to education and training in medical fields of various industries.

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Mesh

A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials.

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Mine rescue

Mine rescue or mines rescue is the specialised job of rescuing miners and others who have become trapped or injured in underground mines because of mining accidents, roof falls or floods and disasters such as explosions caused by firedamp.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Mount Everest

Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Navy

A navy or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.

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Nitrox

Nitrox refers to any gas mixture composed (excepting trace gases) of nitrogen and oxygen.

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O-ring

An O-ring, also known as a packing, or a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, creating a seal at the interface.

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Oceanic Worldwide

Oceanic is an American manufacturer of scuba gear.

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Oceanography

Oceanography (compound of the Greek words ὠκεανός meaning "ocean" and γράφω meaning "write"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean.

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Office of Strategic Services

The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II, and a predecessor of the modern Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

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Orinasal mask

An orinasal mask is a breathing mask that covers the mouth and the nose only.

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Outer space

Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.

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Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxygen toxicity

Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures.

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Panama City, Florida

Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States.

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Partial pressure

In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Phibian (Dune)

Phibians are a fictional race in the ''Dune'' universe first mentioned in Chapterhouse: Dune.

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Pirelli

Pirelli & C. S.p.A. is a multinational company based in Milan, Italy, listed on the Milan Stock Exchange since 1922, with a temporary privatization period by the consortium led by the Chinese state-owned enterprise ChemChina.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3.

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Primary Life Support System

A Primary (or Portable or Personal) Life Support System (or Subsystem) (PLSS), is a device connected to an astronaut or cosmonaut's spacesuit, which allows extra-vehicular activity with maximum freedom, independent of a spacecraft's life support system.

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Rebreather

A rebreather is a breathing apparatus that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user's exhaled breath to permit the rebreathing (recycling) of the substantially unused oxygen content, and unused inert content when present, of each breath.

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Recreational diving

Recreational diving or sport diving is diving for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment, usually when using scuba equipment.

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Respiratory rate

The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Robert Davis (inventor)

Sir Robert Henry Davis (1870 – 1965) was an English inventor and director of the Siebe Gorman company.

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Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine

The Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine (RANSUM) is based at Sydney, Australia.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Saturation diving

Saturation diving is a diving technique that allows divers to reduce the risk of decompression sickness ("the bends") when they work at great depths for long periods of time.

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Scavenger system

A scavenger system is a medical device used in hospitals.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scrubber

Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams.

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Scuba set

A scuba set is any breathing apparatus that is carried entirely by an underwater diver and provides the diver with breathing gas at the ambient pressure.

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SDBA

The SDBA (Special Duty Oxygen Breathing Apparatus) is a type of frogman's rebreather breathing set.

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SEFA

The SEFA is a make of backpack industrial breathing set formerly made by Sabre Safety.

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Self-contained breathing apparatus

A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) sometimes referred to as a compressed air breathing apparatus (CABA), or simply breathing apparatus (BA), is a device worn by rescue workers, firefighters, and others to provide breathable air in an immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere (IDLH).

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Severn Tunnel

The Severn Tunnel (Twnnel Hafren) is a railway tunnel in the United Kingdom, linking South Gloucestershire in the west of England to Monmouthshire in south Wales under the estuary of the River Severn.

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Siebe Gorman

Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd was a British company that developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and marine salvage projects.

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Siebe Gorman CDBA

The Clearance Divers Breathing Apparatus (CDBA) is a type of rebreather made by Siebe Gorman in England.

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Siebe Gorman Proto

The Proto is a type of rebreather that was made by Siebe Gorman.

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Siebe Gorman Salvus

The Siebe Gorman Salvus is a light oxygen rebreather for industrial use (including by firemen and in coalmine rescue) or in shallow diving.

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Sladen Suit

The Sladen Suit was a heavy type of British divers' drysuit made by Siebe Gorman.

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Sluice

A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis") is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate.

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Soda lime

Soda lime is a mixture of chemicals, used in granular form in closed breathing environments, such as general anaesthesia, submarines, rebreathers and recompression chambers, to remove carbon dioxide from breathing gases to prevent CO2 retention and carbon dioxide poisoning.

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Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.

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Sodium peroxide

Sodium peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2O2.

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Sodium superoxide

Sodium superoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaO2.

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Space station

A space station, also known as an orbital station or an orbital space station, is a spacecraft capable of supporting crewmembers, which is designed to remain in space (most commonly as an artificial satellite in low Earth orbit) for an extended period of time and for other spacecraft to dock.

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Space suit

A space suit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space, vacuum and temperature extremes.

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Spacecraft

A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space.

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Spearfishing

Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia.

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Sponge (material)

A sponge is a tool or cleaning aid made of soft, porous material.

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Standard diving dress

Standard diving dress (also known as hard-hat or copper hat equipment, or heavy gear) is a type of diving suit that was formerly used for all underwater work that required more than breath-hold duration, which included marine salvage, civil engineering, pearl shell diving and other commercial diving work, and similar naval diving applications.

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Standard sea level

Standard sea level (SSL) (also known as sea level standard (SLS)) defines a set of conditions for physical calculations.

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Streamline (swimming)

Streamline form is a swimming technique that is used underwater in every stroke.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sump (cave)

A sump or siphon is a passage in a cave that is submerged under water.

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Sunlight

Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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Surface-supplied diving

Surface-supplied diving is diving using equipment supplied with breathing gas using a diver's umbilical from the surface, either from the shore or from a diving support vessel, sometimes indirectly via a diving bell.

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Ted Eldred

Edward ('Ted') Francis Eldred (16 December 1920 to August 2005) was a pioneer of scuba diving in Australia.

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Tidal volume

Tidal volume (symbol VT or TV) is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied.

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Trimix (breathing gas)

Trimix is a breathing gas consisting of oxygen, helium and nitrogen and is often used in deep commercial diving, during the deep phase of dives carried out using technical diving techniques, and in advanced recreational diving.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness is a state which occurs when the ability to maintain an awareness of self and environment is lost.

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Underwater habitat

Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping.

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United States Naval Academy

The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit

The United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU or NAVXDIVINGU) is the primary source of diving and hyperbaric operational guidance for the US Navy.

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University of Florida

The University of Florida (commonly referred to as Florida or UF) is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a campus in Gainesville, Florida.

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Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

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Ventilator circuit

Ventilator circuits are tubes of various types which are utilised by medical ventilators in the application of mechanical ventilation.

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Vital capacity

Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

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Work of breathing

Work of breathing (WOB) is the energy expended to inhale and exhale a breathing gas.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Redirects here:

Absorbent canister, Breathing bag, CCUBA, Closed circuit rebreather, Counterlung, Cryogenic rebreather, Oxygen rebreather, Re-breather, Rebreathers, Rebreathing, Semi-closed circuit, Semi-closed circuit rebreather, Semiclosed rebreather.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebreather

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