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23 relations: Age of Enlightenment, Ain Shams University, Al-Azhar University, Al-Nahda, ALA-LC romanization, Étienne Bézout, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Cairo, Daniel Newman (academic), Egyptians, Egyptology, Hasan al-Attar, Imam, Islamic Modernism, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Philosophy, Role of Christianity in civilization, Secularism, Tahta, Voltaire.
Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University (جامعة عين شمس) is an institute of higher education located in Cairo, Egypt.
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Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University (1,, "the (honorable) Azhar University") is a university in Cairo, Egypt.
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Al-Nahda
Al-Nahda (النهضة / ALA-LC: an-Nahḍah; Arabic for "awakening" or "renaissance") was a cultural renaissance that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Egypt, then later moving to Ottoman-ruled Arabic-speaking regions including Lebanon, Syria and others.
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ALA-LC romanization
ALA-LC (American Library Association - Library of Congress) is a set of standards for romanization, the representation of text in other writing systems using the Latin script.
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Étienne Bézout
Étienne Bézout (31 March 1730 – 27 September 1783) was a French mathematician who was born in Nemours, Seine-et-Marne, France, and died in Avon (near Fontainebleau), France.
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Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (30 September 1714 – 3 August 1780) was a French philosopher and epistemologist, who studied in such areas as psychology and the philosophy of the mind.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Daniel Newman (academic)
Daniel Lawrence Newman, PhD, (born 1963) is a British writer, scholar and translator of Arabic literature.
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Egyptians
Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.
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Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia. علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
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Hasan al-Attar
Shaykh Hasan al-Attar (حسن العطار) (1766-1835) was an Islamic scholar, Grand Imam of al-Azhar from 1830 to 1835.
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Imam
Imam (إمام; plural: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.
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Islamic Modernism
Islamic Modernism, also sometimes referred to as Modernist Salafism, is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response" attempting to reconcile Islamic faith with modern Western values such as nationalism, democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer.
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Montesquieu
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.
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Muhammad Abduh
Muḥammad 'Abduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as one of the key founding figures of Islamic Modernism, sometimes called Neo-Mu’tazilism after the medieval Islamic school of theology based on rationalism, Muʿtazila.
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Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval.
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Philosophy
Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
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Role of Christianity in civilization
The role of Christianity in civilization has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.
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Secularism
Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).
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Tahta
Tahta (طهطا /, ALA-LC: Ṭahṭā) is a city in the Sohag Governorate of Upper Egypt.
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.
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Al-Tahtawi, Refa'a el-Tahtawi, Refa'a el-Tahtawy, Refaa el-Tahtawi, Rifa'a El-Tahtawy, Rifa'a at-Tahtawi, Rifa'a el-Tahtawi, Rifa'ah Rafi al-Tahtawi, Rifa'ah Rafi' At-Tahtawi, Rifaa at-Tahtawi, Rifaa el-Tahtawy, Rifāʿa aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifa'a_al-Tahtawi
