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Rocket propellant

Index Rocket propellant

Rocket propellant is a material used either directly by a rocket as the reaction mass (propulsive mass) that is ejected, typically with very high speed, from a rocket engine to produce thrust, and thus provide spacecraft propulsion, or indirectly to produce the reaction mass in a chemical reaction. [1]

137 relations: ALICE (propellant), Aluminium powder, Ammonium dinitramide, Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium perchlorate, Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant, Angara (rocket family), Ariane 5, Atlas V, Attitude control, Aviation fuel, Brigham Young University, Briz (rocket stage), Buran programme, Centaur (rocket stage), Chemical reaction, Chlorine pentafluoride, Chlorine trifluoride, Cold gas thruster, Comparison of orbital launch systems, Corrosive substance, Crawford burner, Delta IV, Delta-v, Dinitrogen tetroxide, Dream Chaser, Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, Exothermic process, Falcon (rocket family), Fregat, Gas, Gel, Gravity drag, H-IIA, Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, HMX, Hybrid-propellant rocket, Hydrazine, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, Hypergolic propellant, Ion thruster, Isaac Newton, Kerosene, Launch vehicle, LGM-118 Peacekeeper, LGM-30 Minuteman, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid oxygen, List of stoffs, ..., Long March (rocket family), Long March 6, Low Earth orbit, Mass, Mass flow rate, Mass ratio, Mesosphere, Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, Middle Ages, Molecular mass, Mongol siege of Kaifeng, Monomethylhydrazine, Monopropellant, Newton's laws of motion, Nitric acid, Nitrogen, Nitrous oxide, Nuclear explosive, Nuclear propulsion, Nuclear pulse propulsion, Nuclear thermal rocket, Orbital station-keeping, Orion (spacecraft), Outer space, Oxygen, Ozone, Paraffin wax, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, Potassium nitrate, Potassium sulfide, Project Orion (nuclear propulsion), Propellant depot, Propellant mass fraction, Propulsion, Propulsive fluid accumulator, Proton (rocket family), R-36 (missile), RD-180, RDX, Robert H. Goddard, Rocket, Rocket engine, Rocket engine nozzle, RP-1, RT-23 Molodets, RT-2PM Topol, RT-2PM2 Topol-M, Saturn V, Shock wave, Short-range ballistic missile, Single-stage-to-orbit, Small Satellite Conference, Solar thermal rocket, Solid rocket booster, Solid-propellant rocket, Song dynasty, Soyuz (rocket family), Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle main engine, Spacecraft propulsion, SpaceDev, SpaceShipOne, Specific impulse, Stanford University, Stoichiometry, Syntin, Thermal rocket, Thrust, Timeline of hydrogen technologies, Trinitramide, Tripropellant rocket, Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, Turbopump, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Surrey, University of Utah, Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UR-100N, Utah State University, V-2 rocket, Vernier thruster, Walter HWK 509, Water rocket, Working mass, Zenit (rocket family), 3 Quarks Daily. Expand index (87 more) »

ALICE (propellant)

ALICE is a rocket propellant which consists of nano-aluminium powder and water.

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Aluminium powder

Aluminum powder is powdered aluminum.

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Ammonium dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic acid.

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Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound, the nitrate salt of the ammonium cation.

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Ammonium perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. Perchlorate is a powerful oxidizer and ammonium is a good fuel. This combination explains the usefulness of this material as a rocket propellant. Its instability has involved it in a number of accidents, such as the PEPCON disaster.

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Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant

Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a modern solid-fuel rocket used in rocket vehicles.

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Angara (rocket family)

The Angara rocket family is a family of space-launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center.

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Ariane 5

Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift launch vehicle that is part of the Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).

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Atlas V

Atlas V ("V" is pronounced "Five") is an expendable launch system in the Atlas rocket family.

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Attitude control

Attitude control is controlling the orientation of an object with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity like the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

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Aviation fuel

Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft.

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Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University (BYU, sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y) is a private, non-profit research university in Provo, Utah, United States completely owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon Church) and run under the auspices of its Church Educational System.

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Briz (rocket stage)

The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M, Angara A5 or Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers.

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Buran programme

The Buran programme (Бура́н,, "Snowstorm" or "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" ("VKK" is for Воздушно Космический Корабль, "Air Space Ship"), was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993.

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Centaur (rocket stage)

Centaur has been designed to be the upper stage of space launch vehicles and is used on the Atlas V. Centaur was the world's first high-energy upper stage, burning liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX).

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chlorine pentafluoride

Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5.

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Chlorine trifluoride

Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF3.

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Cold gas thruster

A cold gas thruster is a propulsive device that uses pressurized inert gas as the reaction mass.

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Comparison of orbital launch systems

This is a comparison of orbital launch systems.

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Corrosive substance

A corrosive substance is one that will destroy and damage other substances with which it comes into contact.

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Crawford burner

A Crawford burner is a device used to test burn rate (chemistry) of solid propellants.

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Delta IV

Delta IV is an expendable launch system in the Delta rocket family.

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Delta-v

Delta-v (literally "change in velocity"), symbolised as ∆v and pronounced delta-vee, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launch from, or landing on a planet or moon, or in-space orbital maneuver.

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Dinitrogen tetroxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide, is the chemical compound N2O4.

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Dream Chaser

The Dream Chaser Cargo System is an American reusable lifting-body spaceplane being developed by Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Space Systems.

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Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion

An electrically-powered spacecraft propulsion system uses electrical energy to change the velocity of a spacecraft.

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Exothermic process

In thermodynamics, the term exothermic process (exo-: "outside") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen).

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Falcon (rocket family)

The Falcon rocket family is an American family of multi-use rocket launch vehicles developed and operated by Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX).

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Fregat

Fregat (Фрегат, frigate) is an upper stage developed by NPO Lavochkin in the 1990s, which is used in some Soyuz and Zenit rockets.

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Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).

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Gel

A gel is a solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.

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Gravity drag

In astrodynamics and rocketry, gravity drag (or gravity losses) is a measure of the loss in the net performance of a rocket while it is thrusting in a gravitational field.

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H-IIA

H-IIA (H2A) is an active expendable launch system operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.

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Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, also called HNIW and CL-20, is a nitroamine explosive with the formula C6H6N12O12.

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HMX

HMX, also called octogen, is a powerful and relatively insensitive nitroamine high explosive, chemically related to RDX.

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Hybrid-propellant rocket

A hybrid-propellant rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor which uses rocket propellants in two different phases.

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Hydrazine

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written), called diamidogen, archaically.

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Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is an oligomer of butadiene terminated at each end with a hydroxyl functional group.

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Hypergolic propellant

A hypergolic propellant combination used in a rocket engine is one whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.

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Ion thruster

An ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Kerosene

Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.

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Launch vehicle

A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from Earth's surface through outer space, either to another surface point (suborbital), or into space (Earth orbit or beyond).

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LGM-118 Peacekeeper

The LGM-118 Peacekeeper, also known as the MX missile (for Missile-eXperimental), was a land-based ICBM deployed by the United States starting in 1986.

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LGM-30 Minuteman

The LGM-30 Minuteman is a U.S. land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), in service with the Air Force Global Strike Command.

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Liquid hydrogen

Liquid hydrogen (LH2 or LH2) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen.

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Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen—abbreviated LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industries—is one of the physical forms of elemental oxygen.

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List of stoffs

During World War II, Germany fielded many aircraft and rockets whose fuels, and oxidizers, were designated (letter)-Stoff.

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Long March (rocket family)

A Long March rocket or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China.

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Long March 6

The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.

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Low Earth orbit

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.

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Mass

Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.

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Mass flow rate

In physics and engineering, mass flow rate is the mass of a substance which passes per unit of time.

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Mass ratio

In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket.

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Mesosphere

The mesosphere (from Greek mesos "middle" and sphaira "sphere") is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.

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Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet

The Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet was a German rocket-powered interceptor aircraft.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Molecular mass

Relative Molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule.

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Mongol siege of Kaifeng

In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty.

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Monomethylhydrazine

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH3(NH)NH2.

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Monopropellant

Monopropellants are propellants consisting of chemicals that release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition.

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Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

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Nitric acid

Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis (Latin for "strong water") and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Nuclear explosive

A nuclear explosive is an explosive device that derives its energy from nuclear reactions.

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Nuclear propulsion

Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that fulfill the promise of the Atomic Age by using some form of nuclear reaction as their primary power source.

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Nuclear pulse propulsion

Nuclear pulse propulsion or external pulsed plasma propulsion, is a hypothetical method of spacecraft propulsion that uses nuclear explosions for thrust.

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Nuclear thermal rocket

A nuclear thermal rocket is a proposed spacecraft propulsion technology.

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Orbital station-keeping

In astrodynamics, the orbital maneuvers made by thruster burns that are needed to keep a spacecraft in a particular assigned orbit are called orbital station-keeping.

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Orion (spacecraft)

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (Orion MPCV) is an American interplanetary spacecraft intended to carry a crew of four astronauts to destinations at or beyond low Earth orbit (LEO).

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Outer space

Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

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Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax is a white or colourless soft solid, derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms.

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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

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Polybutadiene acrylonitrile

Polybutadiene acrylonitrile (PBAN) copolymer, also noted as polybutadiene—acrylic acid—acrylonitrile terpolymer is a copolymer compound used most frequently as a rocket propellant.

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Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3.

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Potassium sulfide

Potassium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S.

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Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)

Project Orion was a study of a spacecraft intended to be directly propelled by a series of explosions of atomic bombs behind the craft (nuclear pulse propulsion).

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Propellant depot

An orbital propellant depot is a cache of propellant that is placed in orbit around Earth or another body to allow spacecraft or the transfer stage of the spacecraft to be fueled in space.

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Propellant mass fraction

In aerospace engineering, the propellant mass fraction is the portion of a vehicle's mass which does not reach the destination, usually used as a measure of the vehicle's performance.

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Propulsion

Propulsion means to push forward or drive an object forward.

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Propulsive fluid accumulator

A Propulsive Fluid Accumulator is an artificial Earth satellite which collects and stores oxygen and other atmospheric gases for in-situ refuelling of high-thrust rockets.

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Proton (rocket family)

Proton (Russian: Протон) (formal designation: UR-500) is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russian government space launches.

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R-36 (missile)

The R-36 (Р-36) is a family of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and space launch vehicles (Tsyklon) designed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

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RD-180

The RD-180 (РД-180, Ракетный Двигатель-180, Rocket Engine-180) is a rocket engine designed and built in Russia.

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RDX

RDX is the organic compound with the formula (O2NNCH2)3.

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Robert H. Goddard

Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket.

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Rocket

A rocket (from Italian rocchetto "bobbin") is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine.

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Rocket engine

A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellant mass for forming its high-speed propulsive jet.

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Rocket engine nozzle

A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate the combustion gases produced by burning propellants so that the exhaust gases exit the nozzle at hypersonic velocities.

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RP-1

RP-1 (alternately, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel.

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RT-23 Molodets

The RT-23 (NATO reporting name SS-24 Scalpel) РТ-23 УТТХ «Мо́лодец» was a Soviet ICBM developed and produced before 1991 by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union).

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RT-2PM Topol

The RT-2PM Topol (РТ-2ПМ Тополь ("Poplar"); NATO reporting name SS-25 Sickle; GRAU designation: 15Ж58 ("15Zh58"); START I designation: RS-12M Topol) is a mobile intercontinental ballistic missile designed in the Soviet Union and in service with Russia's Strategic Missile Troops.

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RT-2PM2 Topol-M

The RT-2PM2 «Topol-M» (РТ-2ПМ2 «Тополь-М», NATO reporting name: SS-27 "Sickle B", other designations: SS-27 Mod 1, RS-12M1, RS-12M2, formerly incorrectly RT-2UTTKh) is one of the most recent intercontinental ballistic missiles to be deployed by Russia (see RS-24), and the first to be developed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Saturn V

The Saturn V (pronounced "Saturn five") was an American human-rated expendable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.

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Shock wave

In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance.

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Short-range ballistic missile

A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of about or less.

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Single-stage-to-orbit

A single-stage-to-orbit (or SSTO) vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body without jettisoning hardware, expending only propellants and fluids.

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Small Satellite Conference

Internationally recognized as the premier conference on small satellites, the AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites (also known as the Small Satellite Conference, or Small Sat) is held each August on the campus of Utah State University (USU) in Logan, Utah, USA.

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Solar thermal rocket

A solar thermal rocket is a theoretical spacecraft propulsion system that would make use of solar power to directly heat reaction mass, and therefore would not require an electrical generator, like most other forms of solar-powered propulsion do.

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Solid rocket booster

Solid-fuel rocket boosters (SRBs) are large solid propellant motors used to provide thrust in spacecraft launches from initial launch through the first ascent stage.

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Solid-propellant rocket

A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer).

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Soyuz (rocket family)

Soyuz (Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) is a family of expendable launch systems developed by OKB-1 and manufactured by Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Russia.

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Space Shuttle main engine

The Aerojet Rocketdyne RS-25, otherwise known as the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME), is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine that was used on NASA's Space Shuttle and is planned to be used on its successor, the Space Launch System.

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Spacecraft propulsion

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites.

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SpaceDev

SpaceDev, a part of the "Space Systems Business" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work.

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SpaceShipOne

SpaceShipOne is an experimental air-launched rocket-powered aircraft with sub-orbital spaceflight capability at speeds of up to 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s), using a hybrid rocket motor.

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Specific impulse

Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a measure of how effectively a rocket uses propellant or jet engine uses fuel.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

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Syntin

Syntin is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C10H16 used as a rocket fuel.

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Thermal rocket

A thermal rocket is a rocket engine that uses a propellant that is externally heated before being passed through a nozzle, as opposed to undergoing a chemical reaction as in a chemical rocket.

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Thrust

Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law.

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Timeline of hydrogen technologies

This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.

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Trinitramide

Trinitramide is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen with the molecular formula N(NO2)3.

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Tripropellant rocket

A tripropellant rocket is a rocket that uses three propellants, as opposed to the more common bipropellant rocket or monopropellant rocket designs, which use two or one propellants, respectively.

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Tsiolkovsky rocket equation

The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, classical rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation, describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and thereby move due to the conservation of momentum.

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Turbopump

A turbopump is a propellant pump with two main components: a rotodynamic pump and a driving gas turbine, usually both mounted on the same shaft, or sometimes geared together.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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University of Surrey

The University of Surrey is a public research university located within the county town of Guildford, Surrey, in the South East of England, United Kingdom.

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University of Utah

The University of Utah (also referred to as the U, U of U, or Utah) is a public coeducational space-grant research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

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Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2.

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UR-100N

The UR-100N, also known as RS-18A is an intercontinental ballistic missile in service with Soviet and Russian Strategic Missile Troops.

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Utah State University

Utah State University (also referred to as USU or Utah State) is a public doctorate-granting university in Logan, Utah, United States.

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V-2 rocket

The V-2 (Vergeltungswaffe 2, "Retribution Weapon 2"), technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

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Vernier thruster

A vernier thruster is a rocket engine used on a spacecraft for fine adjustments to the attitude or velocity of a spacecraft.

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Walter HWK 509

The Walter HWK 109-509 was a German liquid-fuel bipropellant rocket engine that powered the Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and Bachem Ba 349 aircraft.

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Water rocket

A water rocket is a type of model rocket using water as its reaction mass.

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Working mass

Working mass, also referred to as reaction mass, is a mass against which a system operates in order to produce acceleration.

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Zenit (rocket family)

Zenit (Зеніт, Зени́т; meaning Zenith) is a family of space launch vehicles designed by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union.

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3 Quarks Daily

3 Quarks Daily (3QD) is an online news aggregator and blog that curates commentary, essays, and multimedia from high quality periodicals, newspapers, journals, and blogs.

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Redirects here:

Rocket Fuel, Rocket fuel, Rocket fuels, Rocket propellants, Solid propellants.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant

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