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Romanian language

Index Romanian language

Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. [1]

350 relations: -onym, A, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Accusative case, Activ (band), Agreement (linguistics), Akcent, Albanian language, Alexandra Stan, Alibunar, Ancient Rome, Antun Vrančić, Approximant consonant, Aromanian language, Aromanians, Article (grammar), Australia, Austria, Austrian Empire, Austrian German, Â, Î, Ă, Ş, Ţ, Žitište, B, BABEL Speech Corpus, Baksheesh, Balkan sprachbund, Balkans, Banat, Banat Romanian dialect, Bayeux, Bela Crkva, Banat, Bessarabia, Brașov, British Isles, Bukovina, Bulgarian language, Byzantine Empire, C, California Dreamin' (film), Calvinism, Canada, Cannes Film Festival, Catalan language, Câmpulung, Central Europe, Centum and satem languages, ..., Character encoding, Chernivtsi Oblast, Church Slavonic language, Classical Latin, Clitic, Close central unrounded vowel, Close-mid front unrounded vowel, Cognate, Colonies in antiquity, Commonwealth of Independent States, Conditional mood, Constitution of Moldova, Constitution of Romania, Constitution of Serbia, Constitutional Court of Moldova, Crișana, Crișana dialect, Croatian language, Croats, D, Dacia, Dacian language, Dalmatian language, Danube, Dative case, Declension, Demographics of Austria, Demographics of Belgium, Demographics of Cyprus, Demographics of Germany, Demographics of Greece, Demographics of Hungary, Demographics of Israel, Demographics of Kazakhstan, Demographics of Moldova, Demographics of Portugal, Demographics of Romania, Demographics of Russia, Demographics of the Republic of Ireland, Demography of Japan, Denmark, Dialect continuum, Dimitrie Cantemir, Diphthong, Discourse, DJ Project, Dobruja, Doina and Ion Aldea Teodorovici, Dragostea Din Tei, Dudo of Saint-Quentin, E, Eastern Romance languages, Emporium (antiquity), European Union, Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates, F, First language, Foreign language, Future tense, G, Gadjo (non-Romani), Gagauzia, Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni, Genitive case, George Pruteanu, German language, Germanic languages, Germany, Gerund, Gheorghe Șincai, Grammatical case, Grammatical conjugation, Grammatical gender, Grammatical mood, Grammatical tense, Greek language, Grigore Ureche, Gyula, Hungary, H, Habsburg Monarchy, Hertsa Raion, Hiatus (linguistics), Hoover Institution, Hungarian alphabet, Hungarian language, Hungarians, I, Iberian Peninsula, Immigration to Brazil, Imperative mood, Indo-European languages, Infinitive, Inflection, Inna, Intonation (linguistics), Iotation, Ireland, Irrealis mood, Istria, Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanians, Italian orthography, Italic languages, Italo-Western languages, Italy, J, Jablanka, Jireček Line, K, Kingdom of Hungary, Kovačica, Kovin, L, Labialization, Language policy in Ukraine, Language shift, Languages of the European Union, Latin, Latin alphabet, Latin script, Latin Union, Legacy of the Roman Empire, Letter case, Lexical similarity, List of territorial entities where German is an official language, Loanword, Lutheranism, M, Macedonian language, Mali Žam, Malo Središte, Maramureș, Maramureș dialect, Mario Pei, Markovac (Vršac), Martin Szentiványi, Megleno-Romanian language, Mesić (Vršac), Miron Costin, Modern Greek, Moesia, Moldavia, Moldavian dialect, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldova, Moldova–Romania relations, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet, Moldovan Declaration of Independence, Moldovan language, Moldovans, Mount Athos, Mr. Saxobeat, Mukachevo, Multilingualism, Muntenia, Mutual intelligibility, N, Neacșu's letter, New Zealand, Nominative case, North America, North Germanic languages, Northern Dobruja, Norway, O, O-Zone, Oblast, Occitan language, Oceania, Odessa Oblast, Official language, Official status of Romanian language in Vojvodina, Old Church Slavonic, Oltenia, Optative mood, Orešac (Vršac), P, Palatalization (phonetics), Participle, Perfect (grammar), Phonemic orthography, Phonology, Plandište, Poles, Portugal, Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711), Priscus, Prodromos (Mount Athos), Proto-Romanian language, Q, R, Realis mood, Rhaeto-Romance languages, Rhotacism (sound change), Richard I of Normandy, Ritiševo, Roman Dacia, Roman Empire, Roman province, Romance languages, Romani language, Romania, Romanian Academy, Romanian alphabet, Romanian Americans, Romanian Australians, Romanian Braille, Romanian Canadians, Romanian Cultural Institute, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian diaspora, Romanian grammar, Romanian language, Romanian lexis, Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanianization, Romanians, Romanians in France, Romanians in Italy, Romanians in Spain, Romanians in the United Kingdom, Romanians in Ukraine, Romanians of Serbia, Rusyn language, S, S-comma, Sacred language, Saint Petersburg, Samuil Micu-Klein, Sardinian language, Săpânța, Scandinavia, Schwa, Sečanj, Second language, Semivowel, Sequence of tenses, Serbian language, Serial comma, Slavic languages, Slovak language, Southeast Europe, Spain, Stanisław Orzechowski, Stork, Straja, Subject–verb–object, Subjunctive mood, SunStroke Project, Supine, Sweden, Switzerland, Syllable, Syncretism (linguistics), Syntax, T, T-comma, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu, Theophanes the Confessor, Thracian language, Timočka Krajina, Transnistria, Transylvania, Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian varieties of Romanian, Turkish language, U, Ukrainian language, Unicode, United Kingdom, United States, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, University of Chernivtsi, V, Verb, Vlachs in Bulgaria, Vlachs of Serbia, Vocabulary, Vocative case, Vojvodina, Vojvodinci, Vowel, Vršac, Vulgar Latin, W, Wallachia, Wallachian dialect, William Longsword, World War I, X, Y, Z, Zakarpattia Oblast, Zemstvo, Ziua, Zrenjanin, 12:08 East of Bucharest, 1923 Constitution of Romania, 2014 Moldovan Census, 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days. Expand index (300 more) »

-onym

The suffix -onym, in English and other languages, means "word, name", and words ending in -onym refer to a specified kind of name or word, most of which are classical compounds.

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A

A (named, plural As, A's, as, a's or aes) is the first letter and the first vowel of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Academy of Sciences of Moldova

The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei), established in 1946, is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology.

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Accusative case

The accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.

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Activ (band)

Activ is a Romanian europop/eurodance band.

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Agreement (linguistics)

Agreement or concord (abbreviated) happens when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates.

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Akcent

Akcent (pronounced "ascent"; originally a wordplay on "accent") is a Romanian dance pop act whose members sing in Romanian, English, Polish and Spanish.

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Albanian language

Albanian (shqip, or gjuha shqipe) is a language of the Indo-European family, in which it occupies an independent branch.

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Alexandra Stan

Alexandra Ioana Stan (born 10 June 1989) is a Romanian singer and songwriter.

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Alibunar

Alibunar (Alibunar) is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Antun Vrančić

Antun Vrančić or Antonio Veranzio (May 29, 1504 – June 15, 1573) was a Croatian prelate, writer, diplomat and Archbishop of Esztergom of the 16th century.

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Approximant consonant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

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Aromanian language

Aromanian (rrãmãneshti, armãneashti, armãneshce., "Aromanian", or limba rrãmãniascã/ armãneascã/ armãneshce, "Aromanian language"), also known as Macedo-Romanian or Vlach, is an Eastern Romance language, similar to Meglenoromanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language.

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Aromanians

The Aromanians (Rrãmãnj, Armãnj; Aromâni) are a Latin European ethnic group native to the Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, central and southern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo and south-western Bulgaria.

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Article (grammar)

An article (with the linguistic glossing abbreviation) is a word that is used with a noun (as a standalone word or a prefix or suffix) to specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, and in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Austria

Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Austrian German

Austrian German (Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German, Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch) or Austrian High German (Österreichisches Hochdeutsch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria.

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Â

Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Romanian, and Vietnamese alphabets.

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Î

Î, î (i-circumflex) is a letter in the Friulian, Kurdish, and Romanian alphabets.

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Ă

Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language, Vietnamese language and Chuvash language orthographies.

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Ş

Ş, ş (S-cedilla) is a letter of the Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Neapolitan, Turkish and Turkmen alphabets.

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Ţ

Ţ, ţ - t-cedilla.

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Žitište

Žitište (Житиште) is a town and municipality located in the Central Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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B

B or b (pronounced) is the second letter of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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BABEL Speech Corpus

The BABEL speech corpus is a corpus of recorded speech materials from five Central and Eastern European languages.

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Baksheesh

Baksheesh or bagsheesh (from بخشش bakhshesh) is tipping, charitable giving, and certain forms of political corruption and bribery in the Middle East and South Asia.

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Balkan sprachbund

The Balkan sprachbund or Balkan language area is the ensemble of areal features—similarities in grammar, syntax, vocabulary and phonology—among the languages of the Balkans.

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Balkans

The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.

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Banat

The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe that is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Körös/Criș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except a part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád county).

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Banat Romanian dialect

The Banat dialect (subdialectul / graiul bănățean) is one of the dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Bayeux

Bayeux is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France.

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Bela Crkva, Banat

Bela Crkva (Бела Црква, Weißkirchen, Fehértemplom, Biserica Albă) is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia (Basarabia; Бессарабия, Bessarabiya; Besarabya; Бессара́бія, Bessarabiya; Бесарабия, Besarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Brașov

Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.

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British Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.

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Bukovina

Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.

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Bulgarian language

No description.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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C

C is the third letter in the English alphabet and a letter of the alphabets of many other writing systems which inherited it from the Latin alphabet.

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California Dreamin' (film)

California Dreamin' (endless) (California Dreamin' (nesfârșit)) is a 2007 Romanian film by Cristian Nemescu.

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Calvinism

Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Festival (Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world.

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Catalan language

Catalan (autonym: català) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain.

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Câmpulung

Câmpulung (also spelled Cîmpulung,, Langenau), or Câmpulung Muscel, is a city in the Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Centum and satem languages

Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K" and "G" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed.

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Character encoding

Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system.

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Chernivtsi Oblast

Chernivtsi Oblast (Чернівецька область, Černivećka oblasť, Regiunea Cernăuți) is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the regions of Bukovina and Bessarabia.

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Church Slavonic language

Church Slavonic, also known as Church Slavic, New Church Slavonic or New Church Slavic, is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Orthodox Church in Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Russia, Belarus, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine.

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Classical Latin

Classical Latin is the modern term used to describe the form of the Latin language recognized as standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

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Clitic

A clitic (from Greek κλιτικός klitikos, "inflexional") is a morpheme in morphology and syntax that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.

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Close central unrounded vowel

The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages.

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Close-mid front unrounded vowel

The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.

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Cognate

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.

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Colonies in antiquity

Colonies in antiquity were city-states founded from a mother-city (its "metropolis"), not from a territory-at-large.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Conditional mood

The conditional mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood used to express a proposition whose validity is dependent on some condition, possibly counterfactual.

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Constitution of Moldova

The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova is that country's supreme law.

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Constitution of Romania

The Constitution of Romania was adopted on 21 November 1991.

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Constitution of Serbia

The current Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (Устав Републике Србије / Ustav Republike Srbije), also known as Mitrovdan Constitution (Митровдански устав / Mitrovdanski ustav) was adopted in 2006, replacing the previous constitution dating from 1990.

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Constitutional Court of Moldova

The Constitutional Court of Moldova represent the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction in the Republic of Moldova, autonomous and independent from the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.

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Crișana

Crișana (Körösvidék, Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede.

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Crișana dialect

The Crișana dialect (subdialectul / graiul crișean) is one of the dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Croatian language

Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighboring countries.

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Croats

Croats (Hrvati) or Croatians are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia.

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D

D (named dee) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Dacia

In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians.

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Dacian language

The extinct Dacian language was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity.

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Dalmatian language

Dalmatian or Dalmatic was a Romance language spoken in the Dalmatia region of present-day Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Montenegro.

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Danube

The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.

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Dative case

The dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given, as in "Maria Jacobī potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".

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Declension

In linguistics, declension is the changing of the form of a word to express it with a non-standard meaning, by way of some inflection, that is by marking the word with some change in pronunciation or by other information.

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Demographics of Austria

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Austria, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Belgium

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Belgium, including ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Cyprus

The people of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.

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Demographics of Germany

The demography of Germany is monitored by the Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany).

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Demographics of Greece

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Greece, including ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Hungary

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Hungary, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Israel

The demographics of Israel are monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.

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Demographics of Kazakhstan

The demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Moldova

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Moldova, including distribution, ethnicity, languages, religious affiliation and other statistical data.

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Demographics of Portugal

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Portugal, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Romania

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Russia

The demographics of Russia is about the demographic features of the population of the Russian Federation including population growth, population density, ethnic composition, education level, health, economic status and other aspects.

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Demographics of the Republic of Ireland

The Republic of Ireland had a population of 4,757,976 at the 2016 census.

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Demography of Japan

The demographic features of the population of Japan include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects regarding the population.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Dialect continuum

A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighbouring varieties differ only slightly, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties are not mutually intelligible.

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Dimitrie Cantemir

Dimitrie or Demetrius Cantemir (1673–1723), also known by other spellings, was a Moldavian soldier, statesman, and man of letters.

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Diphthong

A diphthong (or; from Greek: δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

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Discourse

Discourse (from Latin discursus, "running to and from") denotes written and spoken communications.

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DJ Project

DJ Project was a Romanian dance music group, initially made up of Gino Manzotti (Handke Giuseppe) and DJ Maxx (Ovidiu Florea) as producers and Elena Baltagan as the vocalist.

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Dobruja

Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.

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Doina and Ion Aldea Teodorovici

Doina Aldea Teodorovici (15 November 1958, Chişinău – 30 October 1992, Coșereni) and Ion Aldea Teodorovici (7 April 1954, Leova – 30 October 1992, Coșereni) were musicians from the Republic of Moldova.

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Dragostea Din Tei

"Dragostea Din Tei" (literally "Love from the Lindens", official English title: Words of Love), also informally known as "Ma Ya Hi" and "The Numa Numa Song" (see), is the most successful single by the Moldovan pop group O-Zone, sung in Romanian.

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Dudo of Saint-Quentin

Dudo, or Dudon, was a Norman historian, and dean of Saint-Quentin, where he was born about 965.

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E

E (named e, plural ees) is the fifth letter and the second vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Eastern Romance languages

The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages that developed in Eastern Europe (specifically in the Balkans) from the local variant of Vulgar Latin.

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Emporium (antiquity)

An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of Classical antiquity, derived from the (empórion), which becomes emporium.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates

Most expatriates in the United Arab Emirates reside in Dubai and Abu Dhabi.

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F

F (named ef) is the sixth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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First language

A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.

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Foreign language

A foreign language is a language originally from another country.

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Future tense

In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

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G

G (named gee) is the 7th letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Gadjo (non-Romani)

In Romani culture, a gadjo (feminine: gadji) is a person who has no Romanipen.

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Gagauzia

Gagauzia (Gagauziya or Gagauz Yeri; Găgăuzia; Гагаузия, Gagaúzija), formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia (Gagauz Yeri) (Avtonom Territorial Bölümlüü Gagauz Yeri; Unitatea Teritorială Autonomă Găgăuzia; Автономное территориальное образование Гагаузия, Avtonomnoje territoriaľnoje obrazovanije Gagauzija), is an autonomous region of Moldova.

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Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni

Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni (1746 – 30 March 1821) was a Romanian clergyman who served as Metropolitan of Moldavia (1792), Metropolitan of Kherson and Crimea (1793–1799), Metropolitan of Kiev and Halych (1799–1803), Exarch of Moldo-Wallachia (1806–1812), and Archbishop of Chişinău (1812–1821), being the first head of the church in Bessarabia after the Russian annexation.

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Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive (abbreviated); also called the second case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun.

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George Pruteanu

George Mihail Pruteanu (15 December 1947 – 27 March 2008) was a Romanian literary critic and politician.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germanic languages

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gerund

A gerund (abbreviated) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages, most often, but not exclusively, one that functions as a noun.

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Gheorghe Șincai

Gheorghe Șincai (February 28, 1754 – November 2, 1816) was an ethnic Romanian Transylvanian historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School.

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Grammatical case

Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause or sentence.

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Grammatical conjugation

In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).

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Grammatical gender

In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs.

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Grammatical mood

In linguistics, grammatical mood (also mode) is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.

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Grammatical tense

In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference with reference to the moment of speaking.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Grigore Ureche

Grigore Ureche (1590–1647) was a Moldavian chronicler who wrote on Moldavian history in his Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei (The Chronicles of the land of Moldavia), covering the period from 1359 to 1594.

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Gyula, Hungary

Gyula (Jula, Jula or Giula, Göle) is a town in Békés County, Hungary.

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H

H (named aitch or, regionally, haitch, plural aitches)"H" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "aitch" or "haitch", op.

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Hertsa Raion

Hertsa Raion (Герцаївський район, translit.: Hertsaiivs'kyi raion; Raionul Herța) is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border.

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Hiatus (linguistics)

In phonology, hiatus or diaeresis refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant.

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Hoover Institution

The Hoover Institution is an American public policy think tank and research institution located at Stanford University in California.

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Hungarian alphabet

The Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.

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Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.

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I

I (named i, plural ies) is the ninth letter and the third vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.

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Immigration to Brazil

Immigration to Brazil is the movement to Brazil of foreign persons to reside permanently.

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Imperative mood

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.

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Infinitive

Infinitive (abbreviated) is a grammatical term referring to certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.

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Inflection

In grammar, inflection or inflexion – sometimes called accidence – is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood.

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Inna

Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu (born 16 October 1986), known professionally as Inna, is a Romanian singer and songwriter.

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Intonation (linguistics)

In linguistics, intonation is variation in spoken pitch when used, not for distinguishing words (a concept known as tone), but, rather, for a range of other functions such as indicating the attitudes and emotions of the speaker, signalling the difference between statements and questions, and between different types of questions, focusing attention on important elements of the spoken message and also helping to regulate conversational interaction.

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Iotation

In Slavic languages, iotation is a form of palatalization that occurs when a consonant comes into contact with a palatal approximant from the succeeding morpheme.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Irrealis mood

In linguistics, irrealis moods (abbreviated) are the main set of grammatical moods that indicate that a certain situation or action is not known to have happened as the speaker is talking.

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Istria

Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Istriot: Eîstria; Istria; Istrien), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea.

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Istro-Romanian language

The Istro-Romanian language (Istro-Romanian: Rumârește) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken in a few villages and hamlets in the peninsula of Istria in Croatia, as well as in diaspora, most notably in Italy, Sweden, Germany, Northern and Southern America, and Australia.

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Istro-Romanians

Istro-Romanians / Istrorumeni (ethnonym: Rumeni and occasionally also Rumâri and Rumêri), also called Ćiribirci, Ćići, and Vlahi by the local population, and Istro-Romanians by linguists, are a small ethnic group living in small area of northeastern Istria, in the village Žejane in eastern plateau of mountain Ćićarija, and several villages in a region of former Lake Čepić west of Mt.

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Italian orthography

Italian orthography uses a variant of the Latin alphabet consisting of 21 letters to write the Italian language.

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Italic languages

The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples.

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Italo-Western languages

Italo-Western is, in some classifications, the largest branch of the Romance languages.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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J

J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Jablanka

Jablanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Јабланка, Romanian: Iablanca) is a village in Serbia.

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Jireček Line

The Jireček Line is a conceptual boundary through the ancient Balkans that divides the influence of the Latin (in the north) and Greek (in the south) languages in the Roman Empire from Antiquity until the 4th century.

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K

K (named kay) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).

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Kovačica

Kovačica (Kovačica) is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Kovin

Kovin is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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L

L (named el) is the twelfth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet, used in words such as lagoon, lantern, and less.

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Labialization

Labialization is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages.

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Language policy in Ukraine

Language policy in Ukraine is based on its Constitution, international obligations, and from 2012 until February 2018 on the law "On the principles of the state language policy" (before 2012, the 1989 law "On the languages in the Ukrainian SSR" was in force).

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Language shift

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.

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Languages of the European Union

The languages of the European Union are languages used by people within the member states of the European Union (EU).

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet or the Roman alphabet is a writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.

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Latin script

Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.

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Latin Union

The Latin Union was an international organization of nations that used Romance languages that existed as a functional institution from 1983 to 2012.

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Legacy of the Roman Empire

The legacy of the Roman Empire includes the set of cultural values, religious beliefs, technological advancements, engineering and language.

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Letter case

Letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

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Lexical similarity

In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar.

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List of territorial entities where German is an official language

The following is a list of the territorial entities where German is an official language.

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Loanword

A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.

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Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.

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M

M (named em) is the thirteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Macedonian language

Macedonian (македонски, tr. makedonski) is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by around two million people, principally in the Republic of Macedonia and the Macedonian diaspora, with a smaller number of speakers throughout the transnational region of Macedonia.

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Mali Žam

Mali Žam (Serbian Cyrillic: Мали Жам; Jamu Mic) is a village in Serbia.

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Malo Središte

Malo Središte (Serbian Cyrillic: Мало Средиште, Romanian: Srediștea Mică) or Prnjavor (Serbian Cyrillic: Прњавор, Romanian: Prnaora) is a village in Serbia.

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Maramureș

Maramureș (Maramureș; Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Maramureș dialect

The Maramureș dialect (subdialectul/graiul maramureșean) is one of the dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Mario Pei

Mario Andrew Pei (1901–1978) was an Italian-American linguist and polyglot who wrote a number of popular books known for their accessibility to readers without a professional background in linguistics.

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Markovac (Vršac)

Markovac (Марковац, Marcovăţ) is a village in Serbia.

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Martin Szentiványi

Martin Szentiványi (born at Szentiván, present-day Liptovský Ján, 20 October 1633 and died at Nagyszombat, present-day Trnava, 5 March 1708) was a polymathic Hungarian or Slovak Jesuit writer.

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Megleno-Romanian language

The Megleno-Romanian language (Megleno-Romanian: Vlăheshte), also known as Meglenitic or Moglenitic, is an Eastern Romance language.

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Mesić (Vršac)

Mesić (Serbian Cyrillic: Месић, Romanian: Mesici) is a village in Serbia.

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Miron Costin

Miron Costin (March 30, 1633 – 1691, Roman) was a Moldavian (Romanian) political figure and chronicler.

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Modern Greek

Modern Greek (Νέα Ελληνικά or Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα "Neo-Hellenic", historically and colloquially also known as Ρωμαίικα "Romaic" or "Roman", and Γραικικά "Greek") refers to the dialects and varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era.

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Moesia

Moesia (Latin: Moesia; Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Moldavian dialect

The Moldavian dialect (subdialectul / graiul moldovean / moldovenesc) is one of several dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (shortly: Moldavian SSR, abbr.: MSSR; Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, in Cyrillic alphabet: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ; Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known to as Soviet Moldavia or Soviet Moldova, was one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Moldova–Romania relations

Moldova and Romania have experienced an extremely complicated relationship since Moldova's independence in 1991.

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Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet

The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Moldovan language in the Soviet Union and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 (and still in use today in the Moldovan region of Transnistria).

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Moldovan Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova (Declarația de independență a Republicii Moldova) was a document adopted on 27 August 1991 by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova following the failure of the August coup attempt.

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Moldovan language

Moldovan (also Moldavian; limba moldovenească, or лимба молдовеняскэ in Moldovan Cyrillic) is one of the two names of the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova, prescribed by the Article 13 of the current constitution; the other name, recognized by the Declaration of Independence of Moldova and the Constitutional Court, is "Romanian".

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Moldovans

Moldovans or Moldavians (in Moldovan/Romanian moldoveni; Moldovan Cyrillic: Молдовень) are the largest population group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population, as of 2014), and a significant minority in Ukraine and Russia.

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Mount Athos

Mount Athos (Άθως, Áthos) is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism.

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Mr. Saxobeat

"Mr.

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Mukachevo

Mukachevo (Мукачево, Rusyn: Мукачево, Munkács, Mukačevo, Mukačevo; see name section) is a city located in the valley of the Latorica river in Zakarpattia Oblast (province), in Western Ukraine.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

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Muntenia

Muntenia (also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, usually considered Wallachia-proper (Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the seldom used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian).

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Mutual intelligibility

In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.

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N

N (named en) is the fourteenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Neacșu's letter

The letter of Neacșu of Câmpulung (Romanian: Scrisoarea lui Neacșu de la Câmpulung; Romanian Cyrillic: Скрісѻрѣ льи дє ла Кымпȣлȣнг), written in 1521, is one of the oldest surviving documents available in Romanian that can be reliably dated.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nominative case

The nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North Germanic languages

The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.

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Northern Dobruja

Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea; Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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O

O (named o, plural oes) is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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O-Zone

O-Zone is a Moldovan eurodance trio that was active from 1998 to 2005 and consisted of Dan Balan, Radu Sîrbu, and Arsenie Todiraș.

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Oblast

An oblast is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

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Occitan language

Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

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Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast (Одеська область, Odes’ka oblast’, Одесская область, Odesskaya oblast’) is an oblast or province of southwestern Ukraine located along the northern coast of the Black Sea, consisting of the eastern part of the historical region of Novorossiya, and the southern part of the historical region of Bessarabia (also known as Budjak), the latter being a former oblast incorporated into the Odessa Oblast, in 1954.

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Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.

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Official status of Romanian language in Vojvodina

The Romanian language is one of six official languages in the Serbian province of Vojvodina.

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Old Church Slavonic

Old Church Slavonic, also known as Old Church Slavic (or Ancient/Old Slavonic often abbreviated to OCS; (autonym словѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ, slověnĭskŭ językŭ), not to be confused with the Proto-Slavic, was the first Slavic literary language. The 9th-century Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius are credited with standardizing the language and using it in translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianization of the Slavs. It is thought to have been based primarily on the dialect of the 9th century Byzantine Slavs living in the Province of Thessalonica (now in Greece). It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day. As the oldest attested Slavic language, OCS provides important evidence for the features of Proto-Slavic, the reconstructed common ancestor of all Slavic languages.

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Oltenia

Oltenia (also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions, with the alternate Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, Wallachia Caesarea between 1718 and 1739) is a historical province and geographical region of Romania in western Wallachia.

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Optative mood

The optative mood or (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope.

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Orešac (Vršac)

Orešac (Орешац, Oreșaț) is a village in Serbia.

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P

P (named pee) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Palatalization (phonetics)

In phonetics, palatalization (also) or palatization refers to a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate.

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Participle

A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, and plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb.

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Perfect (grammar)

The perfect tense or aspect (abbreviated or) is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.

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Phonemic orthography

In linguistics, a phonemic orthography is an orthography (system for writing a language) in which the graphemes (written symbols) correspond to the phonemes (significant spoken sounds) of the language.

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Phonology

Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.

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Plandište

Plandište is a village and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Poles

The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)

The Principality of Transylvania (Fürstentum Siebenbürgen; Erdélyi Fejedelemség; Principatus Transsilvaniae; Principatul Transilvaniei or Principatul Ardealului; Erdel Prensliği or Transilvanya Prensliği) was a semi-independent state, ruled primarily by Hungarian princes.

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Priscus

Priscus of Panium (Greek: Πρίσκος) was a 5th-century Roman diplomat and Greek historian and rhetorician (or sophist).

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Prodromos (Mount Athos)

The Romanian Skete Prodromos (Schitul românesc Prodromu, Τιμίου Προδρόμου) is a Romanian cenobitic skete belonging to the Great Lavra Monastery, located in the eastern extremity (called Vigla) of the Eastern Orthodox Monastic State of the Holy Mountain Athos, between the Aegean Sea in the East and the peak of Athos rising 2033 m in the West, nearby the cave of Athanasios the Athonite.

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Proto-Romanian language

Proto-Romanian (also known as "Common Romanian", româna comună or "Ancient Romanian", străromâna, Balkan Latin) is a hypothetical and unattested Romance language evolved from Vulgar Latin and considered to have been spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples (Vlachs) before 900 (7th–11th century AD).

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Q

Q (named cue) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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R

R (named ar/or) is the 18th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Realis mood

A realis mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences.

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Rhaeto-Romance languages

Rhaeto-Romance, or Rhaetian, is a traditional subfamily of the Romance languages that is spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and in Switzerland.

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Rhotacism (sound change)

Rhotacism or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant:,,, or) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.

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Richard I of Normandy

Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: Richard Sans-Peur; Old Norse: Jarl Richart), was the Count of Rouen or Jarl of Rouen from 942 to 996.

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Ritiševo

Ritiševo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ритишево, Romanian: Râtișor) is a village in Serbia.

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Roman Dacia

Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana "Trajan Dacia" or Dacia Felix "Fertile/Happy Dacia") was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 274–275 AD.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) was the basic and, until the Tetrarchy (from 293 AD), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside Italy.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

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Romani language

Romani (also Romany; romani čhib) is any of several languages of the Romani people belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romanian Academy

The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.

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Romanian alphabet

The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language.

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Romanian Americans

Romanian Americans (Romanian: Români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry.

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Romanian Australians

Romanian Australians may include those who have immigrated to Australia from Romania, and Australian-born citizens of Romanian descent.

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Romanian Braille

Romanian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Romanian language.

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Romanian Canadians

Romanian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Romanian descent or Romania-born people who reside in Canada.

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Romanian Cultural Institute

The Romanian Cultural Institute (Institutul Cultural Român, abbreviation: ICR) is a state-funded institution that promotes Romanian culture and civilization in Romania and abroad.

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Romanian Cyrillic alphabet

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Romanian language before 1860–1862, when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet.

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Romanian diaspora

The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova.

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Romanian grammar

Romanian grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Romanian language.

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Romanian language

Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.

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Romanian lexis

The lexis of the Romanian language (or Daco-Romanian), a Romance language, has changed over the centuries as the language evolved from Vulgar Latin, to Proto-Romanian, to medieval, modern and contemporary Romanian.

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Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă Română) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches and ranked seventh in order of precedence.

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Romanianization

Romanianization (or Rumanianization or Rumanization) was the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century.

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Romanians

The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Romanians in France

Romanian French is the term for a French citizen of Romanian heritage and origins, born in Romania and living as an emigrant in France or being born in France from a Romanian immigrant family, that came to France at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Romanians in Italy

Romanians in Italy became a notable presence mostly after 1999, due to a large wave of emigration known in Romania as Fenomenul migrației către UE (Movement to the EU Phenomenon).

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Romanians in Spain

Romanians in Spain form the largest group of foreigners in the country, having surpassed Moroccans in 2007.

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Romanians in the United Kingdom

Romanians in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Romanian people moving to the United Kingdom as citizens or non-citizen immigrants, along with British citizens of Romanian descent.

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Romanians in Ukraine

This article represents an overview on the history of Romanians in Ukraine, including those Romanians of Northern Bukovina, Zakarpattia Oblast, and Budjak in Odessa Oblast, but also those Romanophones in the territory between the Dniester River and the Southern Bug River, who traditionally have not inhabited any Romanian state (nor Transnistria), but have been an integral part of the history of modern Ukraine, and are considered natives to the area.

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Romanians of Serbia

Romanians (Românii din Serbia, Румуни у Србији / Rumuni u Srbiji) are a recognised national minority in Serbia.

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Rusyn language

Rusyn (Carpathian Rusyn), по нашому (po našomu); Pannonian Rusyn)), also known in English as Ruthene (sometimes Ruthenian), is a Slavic language spoken by the Rusyns of Eastern Europe.

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S

S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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S-comma

S-comma (majuscule: Ș, minuscule: ș) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the sound, the voiceless postalveolar fricative (like sh in shoe).

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Sacred language

A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).

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Samuil Micu-Klein

Samuil Micu Klein (September 1745 – 13 May 1806) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic theologian, historian, philologist and philosopher, a member of the Enlightenment-era movement of Transylvanian School (Şcoala Ardeleană).

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Sardinian language

Sardinian or Sard (sardu, limba sarda or língua sarda) is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia (Italy).

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Săpânța

Săpânța (Hungarian: Szaplonca; Slovak: Sapunka; Yiddish: Spinka or Shpinka) is a commune in Maramureș County in northern Romania, 15 kilometers northwest of Sighet and just south of the Tisza River.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.

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Schwa

In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa (rarely or; sometimes spelled shwa) is the mid central vowel sound (rounded or unrounded) in the middle of the vowel chart, denoted by the IPA symbol ə, or another vowel sound close to that position.

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Sečanj

Sečanj is a town located in the Central Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Second language

A person's second language or L2, is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.

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Semivowel

In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel or glide, also known as a non-syllabic vocoid, is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.

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Sequence of tenses

Sequence of tenses (known in Latin as consecutio temporum, and also known as agreement of tenses, succession of tenses and tense harmony) is a set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences.

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Serbian language

Serbian (српски / srpski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs.

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Serial comma

In English language punctuation, a serial comma or series comma (also called an Oxford comma or a Harvard comma) is a comma placed immediately before the coordinating conjunction (usually and or or) in a series of three or more terms.

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Slavic languages

The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.

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Slovak language

Slovak is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages (together with Czech, Polish, and Sorbian).

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Southeast Europe

Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan peninsula.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Stanisław Orzechowski

Stanisław Orzechowski, also Stanislas Orzechowski and Stanislaus Orzechowski (1513–1566) was a Ruthenian and Polish political writer.

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Stork

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills.

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Straja

Straja is a ski resort in the Jiu Valley region of Hunedoara County, Romania.

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Subject–verb–object

In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.

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Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive is a grammatical mood (that is, a way of speaking that allows people to express their attitude toward what they are saying) found in many languages.

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SunStroke Project

The SunStroke Project is a Moldovan musical trio composed of Sergei Yalovitsky (vocals), Anton Ragoza (violinist and composer) and Sergey Stepanov (saxophonist).

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Supine

In grammar, a supine is a form of verbal noun used in some languages.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.

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Syncretism (linguistics)

In linguistics, syncretism exists when functionally distinct occurrences of a single lexeme are identical in form.

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Syntax

In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.

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T

T (named tee) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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T-comma

T-comma (majuscule: Ț, minuscule: ț) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the Romanian language sound, the voiceless alveolar affricate (like ts in bolts).

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The Death of Mr. Lazarescu

The Death of Mr.

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Theophanes the Confessor

Saint Theophanes the Confessor (Θεοφάνης Ὁμολογητής; c. 758/760 – March 12, 817/818) was a member of the Byzantine aristocracy, who became a monk and chronicler.

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Thracian language

The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians, the northern neighbors of the Ancient Greeks.

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Timočka Krajina

Timočka Krajina (Тимочка Крајина, "Timok Krajina") is a geographical region in east-central Serbia around the Timok River.

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Transnistria

Transnistria, the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR; Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, ПМР; Republica Moldovenească Nistreană, RMN; Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ; Придністровська Молдавська Республіка), and also called Transdniester, Trans-Dniestr, Transdniestria, or Pridnestrovie, is a non-recognized state which controls part of the geographical region Transnistria (the area between the Dniester river and Ukraine) and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Transylvanian Saxons

The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).

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Transylvanian varieties of Romanian

The Transylvanian varieties of Romanian (subdialectele / graiurile transilvănene) are a group of dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Turkish language

Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).

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U

U (named u, plural ues) is the 21st letter and the fifth vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Ukrainian language

No description.

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Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

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University of Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi National University (full name Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича) is a public university in the City of Chernivtsi in Western Ukraine.

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V

V (named vee) is the 22nd letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Verb

A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).

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Vlachs in Bulgaria

Vlachs (власи/vlasi, autonymed Rumâni; români, rumâni), are a community concentrated in the Vidin Province in the northwestern part of Bulgaria.

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Vlachs of Serbia

The Vlachs (endonym: Rumînji or Rumâni, Власи/Vlasi) are an ethnic minority in eastern Serbia, culturally and linguistically related to Romanians.

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Vocabulary

A vocabulary is a set of familiar words within a person's language.

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Vocative case

The vocative case (abbreviated) is the case used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object etc.) being addressed or occasionally the determiners of that noun.

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Vojvodina

Vojvodina (Serbian and Croatian: Vojvodina; Војводина; Pannonian Rusyn: Войводина; Vajdaság; Slovak and Czech: Vojvodina; Voivodina), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Аутономна Покрајина Војводина / Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; see Names in other languages), is an autonomous province of Serbia, located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian Plain.

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Vojvodinci

Vojvodinci (Vojvodinci or Војводинци, Voivodinţ) is a village in Serbia.

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Vowel

A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.

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Vršac

Vršac (Вршац) is a city located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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Vulgar Latin

Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") was a nonstandard form of Latin (as opposed to Classical Latin, the standard and literary version of the language) spoken in the Mediterranean region during and after the classical period of the Roman Empire.

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W

W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.

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Wallachian dialect

The Wallachian dialect (subdialectul / graiul muntean / muntenesc) is one of the several dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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William Longsword

William Longsword (Guillaume Longue-Épée, Willermus Longa Spata, Vilhjálmr Langaspjót; c. 893 – 17 December 942) was the second ruler of Normandy, from 927 until his assassination in 942.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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X

X (named ex, plural exes) is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Y

Y (named wye, plural wyes) is the 25th and penultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Z

Z (named zed or zee "Z", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "zee", op. cit.) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Zakarpattia Oblast

The Zakarpattia Oblast (Закарпатська область, translit.; see other languages) is an administrative oblast (province) located in southwestern Ukraine, coterminous with the historical region of Carpathian Ruthenia.

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Zemstvo

A zemstvo (p, plural zemstva – земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

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Ziua

Ziua (The Day in Romanian) was a major Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest.

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Zrenjanin

Zrenjanin (Зрењанин,; Nagybecskerek; Zreňanin) is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

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12:08 East of Bucharest

12:08 East of Bucharest (A fost sau n-a fost?) is a 2006 Romanian film directed by Corneliu Porumboiu, released in 2006 and winner of the Caméra d'Or Prize (for best first film) at the Cannes Film Festival.

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1923 Constitution of Romania

The 1923 Constitution of Romania, also called the Constitution of Union, was intended to align the organisation of the state on the basis of universal male suffrage and the new realities that arose after the Great Union of 1918.

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2014 Moldovan Census

The 2014 Republic of Moldova Census was held between 12-25 May 2014.

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4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days

4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (4 luni, 3 săptămâni și 2 zile) is a 2007 Romanian art film with drama and thriller elements, written and directed by Cristian Mungiu and starring Anamaria Marinca, Laura Vasiliu and Vlad Ivanov.

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Redirects here:

Daco-Romanian, Daco-Romanian language, Dacoromanian, Hungarian influence on Romanian, ISO 639:ro, ISO 639:ron, ISO 639:rum, Limba română, Ro (language code), Romainian punctuation, Romanian (language), Romanian / moldovan language, Romanian Language, Romanian-language, Romanophone, Română, Rumanian language, Timoc Romanian dialect.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language

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