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43 relations: Anthropic principle, Availability heuristic, Berkson's paradox, Bias, Black swan theory, Cherry picking, Combinatorial meta-analysis, Confirmation bias, Data dredging, Endometrial cancer, Ethics, Exogeny, External validity, Failure bias, Funding bias, Global catastrophic risk, Heckman correction, Impact event, Internal validity, Lagging (epidemiology), List of cognitive biases, Mean, Menopause, Meta-analysis, Outlier, Participation bias, Post hoc analysis, Public health intervention, Publication bias, Regression analysis, Reporting bias, Response rate (survey), Sample (statistics), Sampling (statistics), Sampling bias, Sampling probability, Selective exposure theory, Self-fulfilling prophecy, Self-selection bias, Statistical population, Statistics, Survivorship bias, Variance.
Anthropic principle
The anthropic principle is a philosophical consideration that observations of the universe must be compatible with the conscious and sapient life that observes it.
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Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.
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Berkson's paradox
Berkson's paradox also known as Berkson's bias or Berkson's fallacy is a result in conditional probability and statistics which is counterintuitive for some people, and hence a veridical paradox.
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Bias
Bias is disproportionate weight in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
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Black swan theory
The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight.
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Cherry picking
Cherry picking, suppressing evidence, or the fallacy of incomplete evidence is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a particular position while ignoring a significant portion of related cases or data that may contradict that position.
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Combinatorial meta-analysis
Combinatorial meta-analysis (CMA) is the study of the behaviour of statistical properties of combinations of studies from a meta-analytic dataset (typically in social science research).
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Confirmation bias
Confirmation bias, also called confirmatory bias or myside bias,David Perkins, a professor and researcher at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, coined the term "myside bias" referring to a preference for "my" side of an issue.
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Data dredging
Data dredging (also data fishing, data snooping, and '''''p'''''-hacking) is the use of data mining to uncover patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant, without first devising a specific hypothesis as to the underlying causality.
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Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).
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Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
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Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.
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External validity
External validity is the validity of generalized (causal) inferences in scientific research, usually based on experiments as experimental validity.
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Failure bias
Failure bias is the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that failed to make it past some selection process and overlooking those that did, typically because of their lack of visibility.
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Funding bias
Funding bias, also known as sponsorship bias, funding outcome bias, funding publication bias, and funding effect, refers to the tendency of a scientific study to support the interests of the study's financial sponsor.
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Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale, even crippling or destroying modern civilization.
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Heckman correction
The Heckman correction (the two-stage method, Heckman's lambda or the Heckit method) is any of a number of related statistical methods developed by James Heckman at the University of Chicago in 1976 to 1979 which allow the researcher to correct for selection bias.
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Impact event
An impact event is a collision between astronomical objects causing measurable effects.
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Internal validity
In scientific research, internal validity is the extent to which a causal conclusion based on a study is warranted, which is determined by the degree to which a study minimizes systematic error (or 'bias').
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Lagging (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, lagging (or exposure lagging) means excluding the exposure in a time period before registration of an outcome.
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List of cognitive biases
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, and are often studied in psychology and behavioral economics.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Outlier
In statistics, an outlier is an observation point that is distant from other observations.
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Participation bias
Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections, studies, polls, etc.
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Post hoc analysis
In a scientific study, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, "after this") consists of analyses that were not specified before seeing the data.
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Public health intervention
A public health intervention is any effort or policy that attempts to improve mental and physical health on a population level.
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Publication bias
Publication bias is a type of bias that occurs in published academic research.
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Regression analysis
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables.
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Reporting bias
In epidemiology, reporting bias is defined as "selective revealing or suppression of information" by subjects (for example about past medical history, smoking, sexual experiences).
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Response rate (survey)
In survey research, response rate, also known as completion rate or return rate, is the number of people who answered the survey divided by the number of people in the sample.
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Sample (statistics)
In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure.
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Sampling (statistics)
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
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Sampling bias
In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.
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Sampling probability
In statistics, in the theory relating to sampling from finite populations, the sampling probability (also known as inclusion probability) of an element or member of the population, is its probability of becoming part of the sample during the drawing of a single sample.
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Selective exposure theory
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
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Self-selection bias
In statistics, self-selection bias arises in any situation in which individuals select themselves into a group, causing a biased sample with nonprobability sampling.
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Statistical population
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.
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Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
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Survivorship bias
Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their lack of visibility.
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Variance
In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.
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Attrition bias, Indication bias, Law of selection, Observation selection bias, Observational selection, Protopathic bias, Selection Bias, Selection artefact, Selection effect, Selection effects, Selective bias, Susceptibility bias, Volunteer error.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias
