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46 relations: Accuracy and precision, Airport security, Bayes error rate, Binary classification, Binomial proportion confidence interval, Brier score, Certainty, Classification rule, Confidence interval, Confusion matrix, Contingency table, Cumulative accuracy profile, Detection theory, Differential diagnosis, Dimensionless quantity, Discrimination, F1 score, False alarm, False discovery rate, False positive paradox, False positive rate, False positives and false negatives, Harmonic mean, Hit rate, Information retrieval, Markedness, Matthews correlation coefficient, Medical diagnosis, Medical test, NCSS (statistical software), Nondeterministic algorithm, Normal distribution, OpenEpi, Positive and negative predictive values, Power (statistics), Precision and recall, Receiver operating characteristic, Sensitivity and specificity, Sensitivity index, Statistic, Statistical classification, Statistical hypothesis testing, Statistical significance, Type I and type II errors, Uncertainty coefficient, Youden's J statistic.
Accuracy and precision
Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.
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Airport security
Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff and planes which use the airports from accidental/malicious harm, crime and other threats.
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Bayes error rate
In statistical classification, Bayes error rate is the lowest possible error rate for any classifier of a random outcome (into, for example, one of two categories) and is analogous to the irreducible error.
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Binary classification
Binary or binomial classification is the task of classifying the elements of a given set into two groups (predicting which group each one belongs to) on the basis of a classification rule.
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Binomial proportion confidence interval
In statistics, a binomial proportion confidence interval is a confidence interval for the probability of success calculated from the outcome of a series of success–failure experiments (Bernoulli trials).
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Brier score
The Brier score is a proper score function that measures the accuracy of probabilistic predictions.
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Certainty
Certainty is perfect knowledge that has total security from error, or the mental state of being without doubt.
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Classification rule
Given a population whose members each belong to one of a number of different sets or classes, a classification rule or classifier is a procedure by which the elements of the population set are each predicted to belong to one of the classes.
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Confidence interval
In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
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Confusion matrix
In the field of machine learning and specifically the problem of statistical classification, a confusion matrix, also known as an error matrix, is a specific table layout that allows visualization of the performance of an algorithm, typically a supervised learning one (in unsupervised learning it is usually called a matching matrix).
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Contingency table
In statistics, a contingency table (also known as a cross tabulation or crosstab) is a type of table in a matrix format that displays the (multivariate) frequency distribution of the variables.
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Cumulative accuracy profile
The cumulative accuracy profile (CAP) is used in data science to visualize the discriminative power of a model.
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Detection theory
Detection theory or signal detection theory is a means to measure the ability to differentiate between information-bearing patterns (called stimulus in living organisms, signal in machines) and random patterns that distract from the information (called noise, consisting of background stimuli and random activity of the detection machine and of the nervous system of the operator).
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Differential diagnosis
In medicine, a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.
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Dimensionless quantity
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned.
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Discrimination
In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong.
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F1 score
In statistical analysis of binary classification, the F1 score (also F-score or F-measure) is a measure of a test's accuracy.
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False alarm
A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources (such as emergency services) to a place where they are not needed.
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False discovery rate
The false discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons.
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False positive paradox
The false positive paradox is a statistical result where false positive tests are more probable than true positive tests, occurring when the overall population has a low incidence of a condition and the incidence rate is lower than the false positive rate.
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False positive rate
In statistics, when performing multiple comparisons, a false positive ratio (or false alarm ratio) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis for a particular test.
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False positives and false negatives
In medical testing, and more generally in binary classification, a false positive is an error in data reporting in which a test result improperly indicates presence of a condition, such as a disease (the result is positive), when in reality it is not present, while a false negative is an error in which a test result improperly indicates no presence of a condition (the result is negative), when in reality it is present.
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Harmonic mean
In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.
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Hit rate
Hit rate is a metric or measure of business performance traditionally associated with sales.
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Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information system resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources.
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Markedness
In linguistics and social sciences, markedness is the state of standing out as unusual or divergent in comparison to a more common or regular form.
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Matthews correlation coefficient
The Matthews correlation coefficient is used in machine learning as a measure of the quality of binary (two-class) classifications, introduced by biochemist Brian W. Matthews in 1975.
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Medical diagnosis
Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx or DS) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.
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Medical test
A medical test is a medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine a course of treatment.
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NCSS (statistical software)
NCSS is a statistics package produced and distributed by NCSS, LLC.
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Nondeterministic algorithm
In computer science, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors on different runs, as opposed to a deterministic algorithm.
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Normal distribution
In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.
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OpenEpi
OpenEpi is a free, web-based, open source, operating system-independent series of programs for use in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, and medicine, providing a number of epidemiologic and statistical tools for summary data.
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Positive and negative predictive values
The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results, respectively.
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Power (statistics)
The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis (H0) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H1) is true.
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Precision and recall
In pattern recognition, information retrieval and binary classification, precision (also called positive predictive value) is the fraction of relevant instances among the retrieved instances, while recall (also known as sensitivity) is the fraction of relevant instances that have been retrieved over the total amount of relevant instances.
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Receiver operating characteristic
In statistics, a receiver operating characteristic curve, i.e. ROC curve, is a graphical plot that illustrates the diagnostic ability of a binary classifier system as its discrimination threshold is varied.
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Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.
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Sensitivity index
The sensitivity index or d (pronounced 'dee-prime') is a statistic used in signal detection theory.
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Statistic
A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is a single measure of some attribute of a sample (e.g. its arithmetic mean value).
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Statistical classification
In machine learning and statistics, classification is the problem of identifying to which of a set of categories (sub-populations) a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set of data containing observations (or instances) whose category membership is known.
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Statistical hypothesis testing
A statistical hypothesis, sometimes called confirmatory data analysis, is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Type I and type II errors
In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).
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Uncertainty coefficient
In statistics, the uncertainty coefficient, also called proficiency, entropy coefficient or Theil's U, is a measure of nominal association.
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Youden's J statistic
Youden's J statistic (also called Youden's index) is a single statistic that captures the performance of a dichotomous diagnostic test.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity
